SARS患者首诊的胸部X线表现

目的分析严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)首诊患者的胸部X线表现及其在诊断和鉴别诊断中的作用.方法回顾性分析79例SARS患者首诊胸部X线平片,其中男性40例,女性39例;平均年龄(34.1±12.3)岁(15～69岁);平均体温(38.8±0.58)℃.79例患者起病时间至首次胸部X线检查平均时间为(5.8±3.7)d.观察项目包括:病变部位、肺部的基本病变、胸腔积液、心包积液、肺门和纵隔淋巴结增大等.结果79例患者首诊X线胸像阴性者占总例数的45.5%,43例X线胸像阳性者肺内所见均以渗出性病变为主,占阳性总数的81.3%.首诊胸片阳性和阴性者的平均年龄和平均起病时间的比较差异无显著性(P＞0.05).79例患者首次胸片未见有心包积液、肺门和纵隔淋巴结增大.结论SRAS患者的胸部X线表现多以磨玻璃样病变为主,但特异性不强;SARS患者首诊胸部X线阴性者并不少见,且胸部X线阳性者出现时间也可能较晚,应引起临床上的重视.     

恙虫病肺部合并症的临床分析

目的:探讨恙虫病肺部合并症的临床特点。方法:对32例存在肺部合并症的恙虫病患者,通过症状和体征、X线胸片、胸部B超、血气分析、误诊情况等进行回顾性分析。结果:肺部合并症占同期恙虫病患者的39.02%(32/82),临床误诊为其他肺疾患占37.5%(12/32)。临床症状大多较轻,咳嗽咳痰22例(68.75%),有肺部罗音17例(53.12%)。X线胸片:肺部炎性渗出性病变占65.62%(21/32),肺间质炎性改变占34.38%(11/32),有胸膜病变12例(37.5%),B超胸腔积液10例(31.25%)。结论:恙虫病肺部合并症临床表现多样化,误诊率高,应引起重视。     

胸片在早期诊断急性胸主动脉夹层中的应用

目的 :评价胸片检查对早期诊断急性胸主动脉夹层的临床应用价值。方法 :对我院核磁共振检查确诊的急性胸主动脉夹层 37例患者 (AD组 )和同龄对照组、高龄对照组各 10 0例患者胸片主动脉影像进行回顾性分析比较。结果 :AD组 37例急性胸主动脉夹层患者有 31例胸片主动脉有异常增宽发现 ,阳性率 83.8% ;而同龄对照组、高龄对照组仅 3%、11%有主动脉增宽表现 ,AD组和两对照组相比有显著差异 (p <0 .0 1) ;胸片对于升主动脉的病变敏感性为 18.5 %。结论 :胸片对急性胸主动脉夹层早期诊断有提示价值 ,有助于降低首诊误诊率     

严重急性呼吸综合征胸片演变模式研究

为探讨严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS)X线胸片的演变规律,回顾性分析54例临床确诊的SARS病人的胸片,观测不同时期病变的位置、形态、数量、面积及密度的动态变化。结果在首次胸片上,54例中单侧受累33例,其中5例在随访中胸片转变为双侧受累双侧受累者21例,以下肺野(64.82%)和肺中带(94.44%)多见。病变形态演变具有3种模式,以斑片状片絮状局部肺纹理增粗完全吸收模式(64.82%)多见。病变数量演变包含5种模式,以单片型(40.74%)多见。病变面积演变包括单峰型(79.63%)、双峰型(12.96%)和持续恶化型(7.41%)。病变密度演变包括单峰型(57.69%)、双峰型(29.49%)、三峰型(7.69%)和持续恶化型(5.13%)。病程和病变占整个肺野最大比例在病变形态、数量、面积和密度的不同演变类型间均存在显著性差异。提示SARS病人胸片的演变具有一定规律,演变模式对患者预后具有提示作用。     

Chest wall syndrome. A common cause of unexplained cardiac pain.

Twelve patients with severe, often incapacitating chest pain initially believed to be cardiac in origin were shown on subsequent evaluation to have chest wall syndrome. Diagnosis was suspected by the atypical nature of pain in 11 of 12 patients and confirmed by chest wall tenderness simulating the spontaneously occurring pain in all. Seven patients had chest wall syndrome in conjunction with other associated cardiac conditions. Five patients had isolated chest wall syndrome. All five had normal ejection fractions and no regional wall abnormalities on radionuclide cineangiographic studies performed during symptom-limited supine exercise, findings observed in few patients with coronary artery disease. Chest wall syndrome should be considered in all patients with chest pain, as its recognition can greatly aid in patient care.     

Routine pretreatment evaluation in cervical carcinoma

A review of 573 previously untreated patients with invasive cervical carcinoma was undertaken to determine the significance of the routine pretreatment performance of chest x-ray, intravenous pyelography (IVP), cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy. Chest x-ray was performed in 570 patients (99.5%), IVP in 514 (89.7%), cystoscopy, 502 (87.6%) and sigmoidoscopy, 496 (86.6%). The overall yield of tumor-related abnormalities demonstrated in chest x-ray, IVP, cystoscopy and sigmoidoscopy was 1.8%, 9.1%. 6.4% and 1.2% respectively. The chest x-ray findings changed the initial clinical stage in 1.3% of cases, IVP in 4.2%, cystoscopy in 4.0% and sigmoidoscopy in 0.6%. There were 5 instances of bladder involvement and 5 of bullous edema of the bladder found in patients originally classified as having stage I or stage II disease. Thus, to omit cystoscopy may not be so safe in patients with stage I and stage II diseases. We suggest that chest x-ray, IVP and cystoscopy should be performed as part of staging in all patients with cervical carcinoma, however, sigmoidoscopy can be reserved for those initially diagnosed to have advanced disease or symptomatic patients.     

肺动脉栓塞17例临床分析

目的:探讨肺动脉栓塞(PE)患者的临床特征。方法:回顾分析17例肺动脉栓塞患者的临床资料,判断影响早期诊断的主要因素。结果:17例急性患者中男女之比为3.25/1(13/4);15例(88.23%)表现为胸痛;呼吸困难12例(70.59%);下肢肿痛11例(64.70%);低氧血症12例(70.59%);心电图出现SⅠQIIITIII变化4例(23.52%);螺旋胸片CT显示有靠近胸膜散在云片状阴影10例(58.82%),螺旋CT显示肺动脉充盈缺损8例(47.06%);肺动脉造影检查,表现为多段多叶肺动脉阻塞、充盈缺损11例(64.70%)。结论:有长期卧床、深静脉血栓、下肢骨折、手术、高龄、妊娠和分娩、肿瘤、肥胖、高血压等基础疾病的患者,出现不明原因的呼吸困难、胸痛、晕厥、咯血、一过性血压降低、紫绀、氧分压逐渐降低等;胸片出现肺楔形影,胸部CT检查有靠近胸膜的散在片状影,尤其临床出现严重低氧血症,用心肺疾病不能解释;心电图呈现一过性SⅠQⅢTⅢ或QⅢTⅢ,V1～V5导联T波倒置;心脏彩超提示:右心室增大,肺动脉高压形成。是明确PE较有意义的指标,掌握其临床特征是提高早期诊断的关键。     

Diabetes mellitus. I: Routine plain abdominal radiography.

The plain abdominal radiographs of 43 consecutive diabetic patients were studied. Disordered bowel motility which was unrelated to the severity of the diabetes mellitus occurred in 76.7% while artheriosclerosis occurred in 65%. Only 7% (3 patients) had pancreatic calcification; of these, one was a complication of urinary schistosomiasis (Schistosoma haematobium). All the patients with pancreatic calcification were above 45 years of age and had had diabetes mellitus for more than 7 years. This study shows that pancreatic calcification is uncommon among Nigerian diabetics, so plain abdominal radiography should be limited to patients who are above 45 years and who have had the illness for more than 7 years.     

Should all casualty radiographs be reviewed?

The effect on the management of patients of routine reporting of casualty radiographs by radiologists was reviewed. The overall prevalence of error by casualty doctors was 6.2%. Many of these errors, however, were trivial and did not alter treatment. In only 1.1% of the cases reviewed did the report of x ray films appreciably alter the management of the patient. A severity score was introduced to highlight those anatomical areas in which important lesions were overlooked most often. Radiologists' reports on radiographs of the chest, face, skull, and wrist had the greatest effect on management of patients, while reports on radiographs of fingers, hands, shoulders, long bones, and toes seldom altered treatment.     

Tuberculous peritonitis: a review of thirty-five cases.

The clinical course of 35 patients with tuberculous peritonitis notified in Kandy (Sri Lanka) over a 6-year period has been reviewed. The maximum incidence occurred in the age group 21 to 40 years and the female/male ratio was 3:2. Clinical features were non-specific and the main presenting features were fever (68.5%), abdominal pain (65.7%), abdominal distension (54.2%), abdominal mass (54.2%) and ascites (45.7%). The symptoms were of insidious onset and 85% had symptoms for more than one month. Chest X-ray revealed abnormality suggestive of tuberculosis in 47%. Intra-abdominal tuberculosis was suspected in 43% of 26 patients before laparotomy. Four of the 32 patients given anti-tuberculous drugs died. Overall mortality was 20%.     

冠状动脉支架置入术后发生胸痛的原因及处理

目的:探讨冠状动脉支架置入术后胸痛的发生率、影响因素及处理.方法:回顾分析过去30个月内行支架置入术的580例冠状动脉疾病患者的术后胸痛情况.其中男408例,女172例,平均年龄63.4岁.围手术期给予阿司匹林、氯吡格雷抗栓,低分子肝素抗凝,扩张冠状动脉,降血脂,控制危险因素和调整生活方式.结果:术后有78例患者出现明显胸痛,发生率为13.45%(78/580).由血栓形成、慢血流、边支闭塞和快速心律失常所致的缺血性胸痛32例,发生率为5.51%(32/580);精神焦虑、支架置入反应、胃食管疾病等所致非缺血性胸痛46例,占7.93%(46/580).结论:冠状动脉支架置入术后胸痛的发生率较高,部分是心肌缺血的表现,要高度重视,积极干预.     

双心汤干预冠心病合并心理障碍的临床研究

目的?观察双心汤干预冠心病合并心理障碍的临床疗效。方法?冠心病胸闷胸痛伴心理障碍（抑郁、焦虑）患者共80例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各40例。2组基础治疗均为冠心病常规口服西药及心理疏导,治疗组加服中药双心汤,对照组加服黛力新（氟哌噻吨美利曲辛片）,疗程均为6周。采用胸（闷）痛症状积分表、中医证候积分表、综合医院焦虑/抑郁(HAD)情绪测定表观察评定2组治疗前后胸（闷）痛症状疗效、心理障碍疗效及临床中医证候疗效,同时观察心电图、心肌标志物的变化。结果?治疗后治疗组胸（闷）痛症状积分明显低于对照组（P<0.05）,其总有效率82.50%,显著高于对照组（52.5%,P<0.01）;2组抑郁、焦虑情绪（HAD）积分均较治疗前明显减少（P<0.01）,2组比较,P＞0.05;2组中医证候积分均明显减少（P<0.01）,2组相比治疗组总有效率75%,明显优于对照组（20%,P<0.01）。2组心电图、心肌标志物较治疗前明显改善（P<0.05）,2组比较,P>0.05。2组患者治疗前后血、尿、粪常规及肝肾功能等检查均无明显异常。结论?双心汤具有明显改善冠心病伴心理障碍患者胸闷胸痛症状及中医临床证候的疗效,同时能改善患者的抑郁、焦虑情绪,是治疗“双心”疾病的一种安全有效的方药,值得临床推广应用。      

An audit of 3859 preadmission chest radiographs of apparently healthy students in a Nigerian Tertiary Institution

Background:

Chest radiographs are routinely requested as part of the medical screening process prior to admission to institutions. Literature on the yield of such an exercise is sparse especially in the Nigerian setting. This study was therefore carried out to assess the usefulness of routine chest radiography for students at the time of admission.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study of 3859 chest X-rays taken at the department of radiology, University of Benin Teaching Hospital for one admission screening for the 2008/2009 academic year. The age and sex of the subjects were also recorded. The heart, lung fields and bony thorax were examined for any abnormality.

Results:

Out of the 3859 pre-admission chest radiographs studied, there were 1951 males or 50.56% and 1908 females or 49.44% subjects. The mean age for males was 21.15±3.

Conclusion:

This study has shown that pre-admission routine chest radiography in asymptomatic patients remains a relevant screening tool for medical fitness during admissions into institutions. However because of dangers of exposure to ionizing radiation, we advise that a detailed medical history and physical examination be done to restrict its use to only those subjects with signs and symptoms suggestive of disease.     

92例肺结核合并糖尿病的临床分析

目的探讨肺结核合并糖尿病的临床特点。方法收集西充县结核病防治所2007—2011年确诊的92例肺结核合并糖尿病患者的临床资料进行分析。结果肺结核合并糖尿病的患者多有结核病症状,占83.7%;胸部X线检查病灶范围广,累及3个以上肺野占55.4%;痰菌阳性率高,初治菌阳占64.1%;痰菌阴转率偏低,初治菌阳6个月末阴转率85.9%。结论重视糖尿病的控制有助于改善肺结核患者的预后。对所有肺结核及糖尿病患者都应常规进行血糖和胸部X线检查。     

儿童危重症手足口病43例临床特点分析

目的探讨危重症手足口病患儿的临床特点。方法回顾分析43例危重症手足口病患儿的临床症状、体征、血常规、血生化、胸片、心电图、头颅MRI或CT、EEG、BAEP检查的结果及治疗效果。结果危重症手足口病临床特征：患儿年龄多在3岁以下,发热以高热为主;最常出现的神经系统表现有肢体震颤、精神差、烦躁、惊跳;还可出现血糖升高、肺水肿、肺出血等;脑干听觉诱发电位检查和头颅MRI检查可表现异常;除常规治疗外,40例需行气管插管呼吸机机械通气,38例治愈或好转出院,随访1年,未发现明显的智力落后、继发性癫痫及肢体瘫痪。4例死亡,1例家人放弃治疗,撤离呼吸机机械通气后死亡。结论及早识别危重症手足口病患儿的高危因素、早期干预治疗是减少后遗症、降低病死率、改善患儿预后的关键。脑干听觉诱发电位可作为筛选脑干是否受损的一种常规检查手段。     

Use of an accelerated chest pain assessment protocol in patients at intermediate risk of adverse cardiac events

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of a structured clinical pathway for stratification and management of patients presenting with chest pain and classified as having intermediate risk of adverse cardiac outcomes in the subsequent six months. DESIGN: Prospective clinical audit. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING: 630 consecutive patients who presented to the emergency department of a metropolitan tertiary care hospital between January 2000 and June 2001 with chest pain and intermediate-risk features. INTERVENTION: Use of the Accelerated Chest Pain Assessment Protocol (ACPAP), as advocated by the "Management of unstable angina guidelines--2000" from the National Heart Foundation and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Adverse cardiac events during six-month follow-up. RESULTS: 409 patients (65%) were reclassified as low risk and discharged at a mean of 14 hours after assessment in the chest pain unit. None had missed myocardial infarctions, while three (1%) had cardiac events at six months (all elective revascularisation procedures, with no readmissions with acute coronary syndromes). Another 110 patients (17%) were reclassified as high risk, and 21 (19%) of these had cardiac events (mainly revascularisations) by six months. Patients who were unable to exercise or had non-diagnostic exercise stress test results (equivocal risk) had an intermediate cardiac event rate (8%). CONCLUSIONS: This study validates use of ACPAP. The protocol eliminated missed myocardial infarction; allowed early, safe discharge of low-risk patients; and led to early identification and management of high-risk patients.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎合并心血管疾病患者的胸部CT特点

目的：分析新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）合并心血管疾病（CVD）（包括高血压及心源性疾病）患者的胸部CT特点，探讨其对临床诊疗的价值。方法：回顾性分析2020 年1月20日至2月8日于温州医科大学附属第二医院育英儿童医院就诊筛查并经COVID-19 核酸检测阳性确诊的65 例COVID-19患者，分为CVD组和非CVD组。采集基础信息、临床症状、血常规、胸部CT特征，分析其在2组的分布情况，探讨胸部CT特点。结果：65例COVID-19患者中，主要临床表现为发热80.0%，咳嗽53.8%，血常规指标52.3%发生C反应蛋白升高，18.5%白细胞减少症，26.2%淋巴细胞减少症。CT表现84.6%病变呈双肺分布，95.4%斑片状磨玻璃影，可伴有实变，其内可见网格状纹理。病灶沿支气管及胸膜分布。患者肺受累程度及与患者的接触史和CVD有关联性。CVD组的症状持续时间和肺受累百分比大于非CVD组，差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）。连续两次复查患者中随着时间进展，CVD组与非CVD组的肺受累百分比差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05），再次复查肺纤维化差异有统计学意义（P =0.047）。结论：胸部CT能清晰显示COVID-19疾病过程中的影像学变化，合并CVD患者的胸部CT更加严重，恢复较慢，结合临床特征及影像学诊断可以更好进行临床治疗。     

SOMATIC NEUROPATHY IN DIABETES MELLITUS

One hundred patients of Diabetes Mellitus (70 with and 30 without clinical somatic neuropathy) were studied to correlate clinical severity with the magnitude of nerve conduction abnormalities. Age range was 10-79 years (mean 49) with equal number of males and females. Incidence of neuropathy was more in patients over 40 years of age (60 out of 70 patients) with duration of disease over two years (78.33%). The grades of severity were mild in 22 (31.33%), moderate in 25 (35.71%) and severe in 23 (32.86%) patients. Nerve conduction studies were carried out in 48 (27 with and 21 without clinical neuropathy) patients, using the apparatus Dantec (Cantata TM). The nerves (median, peroneal and sural) were stimulated at two points and the recording of latency; amplitude (micro V) and motor and sensory nerve conduction velocities (m/s) were done under identical environmental conditions. Sensory nerve conduction velocity was more affected than motor velocity. In the 21 patients without clinical neuropathy, 14 showed abnormalities indicating early involvement of peripheral nerves. Reduction of motor nerve conduction velocity was more in patients with moderate and severe grades. The reduction was more in lower than in upper limbs. Nerve conduction abnormality helps in diagnosis in diabetic neuropathy even in preclinical state and correlates with severity, in clinical neuropathy.KEY WORDS: Diabetic neuropathy, Nerve conduction abnormality, Peripheral neuropathy     

胸部振水音诊断左侧膈疝的临床价值

目的探讨振水音诊断左侧膈疝的临床价值。方法观察左侧膈疝和其他疾病患者出现胸部振水音的情况,统计胸部振水音的阳性率和假阳性率。结果26例左侧创伤性膈疝患者中20例术前检查左胸部可闻及振水音,20例食管裂孔疝患者中10例行造影前检查左胸部可闻及振水音,振水音诊断左侧膈疝的阳性率为65.21%。同期另有27例高位肠梗阻和23例胃潴留患者中分别有8例和12例患者也出现了胸部振水音,假阳性率为40%。结论左侧胸部振水音对于左侧膈疝尤其是创伤性膈疝有一定的诊断价值。     

气囊扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症的疗效评价及其胸痛特点

目的研究胃镜直视下气囊扩张对贲门失弛缓症及其胸痛的治疗效果,并考察其胸痛症状与年龄、性别和病程等的关系。方法回顾10年间行气囊扩张术的64例病人,其中38例有胸痛症状。观察有胸痛症状和无胸痛症状病人在年龄、性别、病程和症状评分等方面的差异,并通过气囊扩张前后症状评分的方法研究其治疗胸痛症状的有效性。结果贲门失弛缓症有无胸痛者在年龄、性别、病程和症状评分等方面无显著性差异;气囊扩张术对胸痛的治愈率为80%,有效率为10%。结论胃镜直视下气囊扩张术能有效地治疗贲门失弛缓症病人的胸痛症状,可以作为贲门失弛缓症的有效治疗方法。