陕西农村更年期妇女潮热情况的调查

目的 探讨陕西农村更年期妇女潮热症状的发生情况及影响因素.方法 采用多阶段整群抽样的方法抽取陕西省陕南、陕北、关中5个县的40～60岁农村妇女825名进行问卷调查.结果 ①陕西农村更年期妇女潮热的发生率为55.7%,潮热发生的平均年龄为47.45±6.55岁,平均持续时间为3.58±2.76年.在潮热妇女中轻、中、重度潮热分别占48.2%、42.9%和8.9%,潮热发生较频繁者占35.5%;②潮热组文化程度比无潮热组低(χ2=37.613),生产次数(χ2=9.391)、食用豆制品(χ2=12.724)、体育锻炼(χ2=44.730)、对更年期的了解(χ2=46.202)较无潮热组少,家人对妇女的态度(χ2=16.343)较无潮热组差,性生活满意度(χ2=10.518)较无潮热组低,身体质量指数(χ2=8.109)和腰臀比(χ2=20.469)较无潮热组高,经比较差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);③农村更年期妇女的文化程度及对更年期的认识与潮热程度有关(χ2分别为81.685、31.111,均P<0.05).结论 陕西农村更年期妇女潮热的发生率相对较高;其影响因素有文化程度、生育情况、食用豆制品、体育锻炼、对更年期认识、性生活情况、家人对农村更年期妇女态度、身体质量指数和腰臀比.     

城市与农村妇女更年期症状影响因素的研究

本研究对41～60岁的404例农村妇女和402例城市干部进行了更年期妇女身心状况调查;随机对其中103例农妇和106例干部进行了血E_2、FSH、LH水平和骨矿含量等的测定.发现城市组更年期症状发生率和程度均明显高于农村组(P<0.001).其原因:1.城市组的文化水平比农村组高;2.城市组使症状发生率增高因素的发生率高于农村组;而对症状有保护作用的因素的发生率又低于农村组.     

更年期为什么潮热频频

近来，年近50的赵女士经常感到浑身不舒服。每天十几次潮热发作，伴有出汗、胸闷心慌、全身酸痛，晚上常常由于潮热踢掉被子，一会儿又感到浑身发冷，导致无法正常睡眠而疲惫不堪。     

更年期，潮热多汗要调理

也许有一天，你忽然发现自己笑起来的时候，眼角居然有明显的鱼尾纹；接着不经意之间，你从镜子里看到自己原来让人羡慕的满头青丝，不知何时已夹杂了绺绺银发；然后是，每月按时来访的“老朋友”，毫无预兆的“发起了脾气”，     

更年期妇女抑郁症状的发生情况及其影响因素的研究

为了解更年期妇女抑郁症状的发生特点和影响因素，采用一般情况问卷调查和自评抑郁量表，对上海市城区和郊县各１０００例４０～６０岁更年期妇女进行调查。结果：有抑郁症状６０６例，发生率为３０．３０％，其中轻度占７９．７０％，抑郁症倾向者１１．０６％，抑郁症９．２４％；工人下岗人员抑郁症状的发生率明显高于干部和专业技术人员（Ｐ＜０．０５）；对丈夫、家庭、经济收入和生活不满意者的抑郁症状发生率高于生活满意者（Ｐ＜０．０５）。更年期妇女中抑郁症状的发生率较高，不单纯是因为雌激素缺乏等生物因素引起，而同时有社会、心理因素存在。因此，医务工作者对有抑郁发生危险因素的人群应特别注意保健，同时妇产科工作者在对其进行药物治疗的同时，还要注意心理咨询及治疗，并建议开设女性心理门诊，由心理科和妇产科医生共同协作，针对躯体和心理两方面的原因进行治疗。     

更年期潮热妇女睡眠状况分析

目的：探讨更年期潮热的妇女睡眠状况,以及潮热程度与睡眠的关系。方法回顾分析2006年10月至2008年5月间于西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院体检中心进行健康体检的1206名40～60岁妇女分为潮热组、无潮热组,分别完成调查问卷。问卷具体内容包括一般情况、潮热状况和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（ PSQI）,并对结果进行分析。结果潮热组妇女PSQI总分平均值高于无潮热组妇女（8．03±4．28 vs 5．58±3．56,t＝－2．359,P＜0．05）;潮热妇女发生睡眠质量差的风险是无潮热妇女的4．172倍（OR＝4．172,95％CI：1．26～13．80,P＜0．05）。 PSQI表中睡眠质量、睡眠障碍及日间功能项,潮热组妇女均高于无潮热组妇女（t值分别为－1．936、－2．556、－2．217,均P＜0．05）。重度潮热妇女的PSQI得分显著高于轻度潮热的妇女（9．85±3．72 vs 7．96±3．92,F＝12．316,P＜0．05）,亦显著高于中度潮热的妇女（9．85±3．72 vs 8．31±4．08,F＝4．261,P＜0．05）。结论更年期潮热影响妇女的睡眠,其中以重度潮热最为显著,导致妇女出现睡眠障碍、睡眠质量和日间功能下降。     

更年期潮热的生活调理

方太太近来经常在没有任何预兆的情况下，突然感到自己的皮肤一下子像着了火一样地烫，且没有什幺规律，一旦存公共场所出现这种情况，内心就感到非常不安，认为人们的目光都注视着自己那烧得通红的险，因此闹得惶恐不安。到医院检查，也没有发现器质性病变，医生只是说与更年期有关，属于更年期潮热。     

更年期：女性为何会出现潮热现象

不知怎么回事．近来，年近50的赵女士经常感到浑身不舒服，每天10多次潮热发作，伴有出汗、胸闷心慌、全身酸痛，晚上常常由于潮热踢掉被子，一会儿又感到发冷，导致无法正常睡眠而疲惫不堪。原本性情温和的她动不动就和家人吵架，这是怎么回事呢？     

社区围绝经期妇女更年期症状影响因素分析

围绝经期是指妇女从40岁左右开始至停经后12个月内的时期。围绝经期女性由于激素水平的变化及事业、家庭、工作等压力的影响,很容易出现抑郁症。研究表明,>50%的更年期女性均有不同程度的更年期躯体症状^〔1〕。为探讨导致更年期妇女身心症状的影响因素,于2008年12月-2009年9月对全国17省1 101名45~57岁妇女进行调查,为预防和治疗干预提供科学依据。     

更年期妇女身心症状及其影响因素

<正>2000年我国人口普查资料显示,围绝经期年龄段的妇女约占总人口的10%,即1.2～1.3亿。预计到2030年50岁以上的妇女将增加到2.8亿以上。随着我国进入老龄化社会,更年期妇女的健康问题也备受关注。更年期妇女往往会伴随一些情绪问题,如抑郁、焦虑等,不但影响更年期妇女的心理健康,而且还损害她们的身体健康、社会功能和生活质量。     

Relationships among sexual behavior,hot flashes,and hormone levels in perimenopausal women

Forty-three perimenopausal women kept daily records of menstrual cycles and sexual activity. Data on hot flashes and plasma estradiol and testosterone levels were obtained at two points during the menopausal transition. The prospective data yielded a significant negative association between hot flash ratings and regularity of sexual intercourse at both time points. A significant negative correlation was found between estradiol (in the early part of the cycle) and hot flashes ratings at the first data point only, and positive correlations were found between hot flashes and ratio of testosterone to estradiol (T/E) at both. Frequency of sexual intercourse and level of plasma estradiol were higher, and T/E and hot flash ratings were lower in early perimenopausal women who were still having cycles at least once every 30 days, as compared with late perimenopausal women who were cycling less often. It was concluded that a close association exists between increasing irregularity of menstrual cycles, hot flashes, declining estradiol levels, and declining frequency of intercourse during the perimenopause. Causal relationships remain to be established.Supported by NIH Grant AG1437.     

The effect of Valerian on the severity and frequency of hot flashes: A triple-blind randomized clinical trial

ABSTRACT

Valerian is one of the most widely used herbal supplements and a phytoestrogenic herb. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Valerian on the severity and frequency of hot flashes. This triple-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted during a three-month period in Hamadan, Iran, in 60 postmenopausal women aged 45–55 years. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups– either placebo or Valerian. An oral Valerian 530 mg capsule was given twice per day for two months. An oral placebo 530 mg capsule (starch) was similarly administered. The severity and frequency of hot flashes were determined by the Kupperman index, before the intervention, one month after, and two months after initiation of the intervention. The severity of hot flashes in the Valerian group was significantly lower than that in the placebo group at one (p = .048) and two months (p = .020) after initiation of the intervention. Compared with the placebo group, the mean frequency of hot flashes was significantly reduced two months after initiating the use of Valerian (p = .033). Health-care providers should consider Valerian to be effective for menopausal women with hot flashes.     

中国城市女性绝经年龄影响因素调查

目的:探讨中国城市妇女自然绝经年龄及影响女性自然绝经年龄的相关因素。方法:采取横断面调查,在全国8个城市41～60岁女性中进行方便抽样,采用问卷方式调查绝经年龄、既往月经、生育状况、生活方式等,采用SPSS 13.0软件包,进行t检验、χ2检验、Logistic回归等统计分析。结果:共收集3 343份有效问卷,其中已自然绝经1 268例,平均自然绝经年龄为(48.72±3.51)岁。初潮年龄、孕次、产次、职业、经济状况、体重指数、饮用牛奶是可能影响妇女自然绝经年龄的相关因素。结论:中国城市女性自然绝经年龄为48.72岁,可能影响自然绝经年龄的因素有初潮年龄、孕次、产次、职业、经济状况、体重指数、饮用牛奶。     

Prevalence and factors associated with hot flashes in climacteric and post-climacteric women

A cross-sectional study was conducted on the prevalence of hot flashes and associated factors among women from 40 to 69 years old, from a population-based sample in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. A multi-stage sampling process was used, and data were collected through an interview and a self-applied questionnaire. A total of 879 women were included. Point prevalence and lifetime prevalence were 30.1% and 53.2%, respectively. Factors associated with hot flashes were: pre-menopausal status (RP = 2.33) and post-menopausal status (RP = 2.66); age 45-49 years (RP = 1.34) and 50-54 years (RP = 1.42); lower social class (RP = 2.16); no use of a hormonal contraception method after 40 years of age (RP = 1.40); obesity (RP = 1.39) and overweight (RP = 1.32); and not having a partner (RP = 0.80). High prevalence of this symptom indicates that health facilities should be prepared to deal with problems encountered by climacteric women.     

陕西省农村妇女宫颈病变的流行病学调查

目的 确定陕西省陕南农村妇女宫颈柱状上皮异位、宫颈炎的发生情况以及相关影响因素.方法 采用横断面调查方法,调查了陕西省石泉县834名20～65岁妇女的生育史,并进行妇科检查,收集宫颈脱落细胞并进行了巴氏涂片病理学检查及人乳头瘤病毒DNA检测.结果 陕西省陕南农村妇女宫颈柱状上皮异位的发生率为41.60%,多次妊娠史、分娩史、患有阴道炎与宫颈柱状上皮异位的发生有关.宫颈巴氏Ⅱ级的发生率为14.41%,其中有宫颈柱状上皮异位者占47.79%.人乳头瘤病毒阳性率为12.00%(12/100).结论 陕西省陕南农村妇女人乳头瘤病毒的感染率较高,多次妊娠、分娩以及患有阴道炎与宫颈柱状上皮异位的发生有关,宫颈炎可发生在宫颈光滑的妇女.     

陕西农村0～18月龄婴幼儿贫血状况及影响因素调查

目的:了解陕西农村贫血状况及其影响因素,为合理防止提供科学依据。方法:采取整群分层抽样的方法对陕西省19个自然村336名0～18月龄婴幼儿进行问卷调查和血红蛋白的测定。结果:该地区0～18月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率为35.12%,0～18个月婴幼儿中0～3月龄组贫血患病率最低,为13.33%,随月龄增大贫血患病率逐渐增高,至13～18月龄组达最高(50.82%)。出生时低体重(<2 500 g)、家庭经济状况差以及母亲的教育程度低均为婴幼儿患贫血的危险因素。结论:陕西农村地区0～18月龄婴幼儿贫血患病率明显高于全国水平和大多数省市婴幼儿的贫血患病率,处于较高的水平,应广泛开展健康教育,加强孕期保健,提高母亲的喂养技术,预防和改善婴幼儿贫血。     

影响围绝经期及绝经后期妇女宫内节育器取出的相关因素分析

目的分析影响围绝经期及绝经后期妇女宫内节育器(intrauterine contraceptive device,IUD)取出的相关因素。方法回顾性分析江门市人口和计划生育服务中心2005～2010年间围绝经期及绝经后期取出IUD的290例妇女的相关临床资料,根据取出的难易程度,将其分为容易取出组(A组)200例,困难取出组(B组)90例,采用病例对照分析和Logistic回归分析A、B组间影响围绝经期及绝经后期妇女IUD取出的相关因素。结果病例对照分析表明,妇女年龄越大、置器年限越长、绝经后取器时间越长,IUD的取出越困难,A、B两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组绝经年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析表明IUD取出的难易程度与置器年限与绝经后取器时间呈正相关,与妇女绝经年龄相关性不大。结论 IUD的取出应该充分考虑妇女的置器时间和绝经后取器时间,这样可以减少围绝经期妇女IUD取出的并发症,降低取IUD的风险。     

Relationships Between Menstrual and Menopausal Attitudes and Associated Demographic and Health Characteristics: The Hilo Women's Health Study

The objective of this study was to examine the relation of menstrual attitudes to menopausal attitudes and the demographic and health characteristics associated with each. This cross-sectional study consisted of a randomly selected sample of 1,824 respondents aged 16 to 100 years in multi-ethnic Hilo, Hawai'i. Women completed questionnaires for demographic and health information, such as age, ethnicity, education, residency in Hawai'i, menopausal status, exercise, and attitudes toward menstruation and menopause. Women more often chose positive terms, such as “natural,” to describe menstruation (60.8%) and menopause (59.4%). In bivariate analyses, post-menopausal women were significantly more likely to have positive menstrual and menopausal attitudes than pre-menopausal women. Factor analyses were used to cluster attitudes followed by linear regression to identify demographic characteristics associated with factor scores. Asian-American ethnicity, higher education, reporting more exercise, and growing up outside of Hawai'i were associated with positive menstrual attitudes. Higher education, older age, post-menopausal status, growing up outside of Hawai'i and having hot flashes were associated with positive menopausal attitudes. Bivariate correlation analyses suggested significant associations between factor scores for menstrual and menopausal attitudes. Both negative and positive menstrual attitudes were positively correlated with the anticipation of menopause, although negative attitudes toward menstruation were negatively correlated with menopause as a positive, natural life event. Demographic variables, specifically education and where one grows up, influenced women's attitudes toward menstruation and menopause and should be considered for inclusion in subsequent multi-ethnic studies. Further research is also warranted in assessing the relationship between menstrual and menopausal attitudes.