钨丝探针电解预富集—石墨炉原子吸收法测定罐头食品中的痕量锡

采用钨丝探针电解预富集－石墨炉原子吸收法测锡，兼有电解预富集和探针原子化的优点。对电解液组成、溶液pH值、电解电压、富集时间等实验条件进行了优化。方法检出限达到0.08μg/L；相对标准偏差为5.6%。应用于罐头食品中痕量锡的测定，结果满意。初步探讨了锡在电沉积后的原子化机理。     

石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究——Ⅷ 锡的原子化机理

利用探针原子化技术,研究了在普通石墨管中锡化合物的原子化过程中所发生的化学反应,阐述了锡的原子化机理。结果表明,锡试样首先转化成为氧化物,氧化物发生石墨碳还原而生成气态原子。     

化学修饰石墨探针预富集－石墨炉原子吸收法测定Cr（Ⅵ）和Cr（Ⅲ）

本文将化学修饰石墨探针选择性预分离富集和石墨炉探针原子化测定的高灵敏度结合起来，建立了用ＴＯＰＯ修饰的石墨探针络合富集Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）、Ｎａｆｉｏｎ修饰的石墨探针交换富集Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的双修饰石墨探针顺序预分离富集、石墨炉探针原子化法测定水体中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）和Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的方法。Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的检出限为１．０３ｎｇ／ｍＬ，线性范围为０～５１ｎｇ／ｍＬ。Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的检出限为０．３７ｎｇ／ｍＬ，线性范围为０～８１ｎｇ／ｍＬ。用Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）与Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）合成样品进行回收实验，回收率对Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）与Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）分别为９５％～９８％与９８％～１０２％，利用所建立的方法测定了清华运河水样和实验室自来水样，获得了满意的结果。     

化学修饰石墨探针预富集—石墨炉原子吸收法测定Cr（Ⅵ）和Cr（Ⅲ）

本将化学修饰石墨探针选择性预分离富集和石墨炉探针原子化学测定的高灵敏度结合起来，建立了用ＴＯＰＯ修饰的石墨探针络合富集Ｃｒ（Ⅵ），Ｎａｆｉｏｎ修饰的石墨探针交换富集Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的双饰石墨探针顺序分富集，石墨炉探针原子化法测定水体中Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）和Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的方法。Ｃｒ（Ⅲ）的检出限为１．０３ｎｇ／ｍＬ，线性范围为０－５１ｎｇ／ｍＬ。Ｃｒ（Ⅵ）的检出限为０．３７ｎｇ／ｍＬ，线性范围为０－８１ｎｇ／ｍＬ。     

流动电解池-介质交换法分离重叠溶出峰的研究——痕量铅、锡的同时测定

本文采用流通电解池一介质交换方法研究了铅和锡在酸性介质中的差示脉冲阳极溶出伏安行为,在流动的含有样品的盐酸溶液中预电解富集,而在静止的不含样品的草酸溶液中溶出,其△Ep≥90 mV,波形完好。确定了同时测定痕量级铅、锡的最佳条件,样品分析结果表明,方法准确、简便、快速、灵敏。     

探针原子化技术的应用——石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地质样品中微量锡

探针原子化用于石墨炉原子吸收测定是近几年提出的一项新技术。试样溶液直接注射在钨针上,然后在石墨管内原子化。与传统原子化技术相比,本法简便、灵敏度高和抗干扰能力强。地质试样经碱溶后,不需予先分离即可直接测定0.00x～0.0x%的锡。方法回收率在88～94%之间。相对标准偏差小于7.4%。     

元素在石墨炉内石墨探针表面上的原子化机理研究(Ⅰ)——镉与铝的原子化机理

自1978年B.V. L′vov提出石墨炉内探针原子化技术以来,许多作者对该技术进行了研究,并将其应用于实际样品的测定,国内亦有人作过系统的评述,但对元素在石墨探针表面上的原子化机理却报道不多。本文应用X射线衍射分析与其它一些实验,观察和研究了镉和铝在石墨探针表面上原子化过程中的形态变化,阐明了镉和铝的原子化历程。     

X射线荧光光谱法分析液体样品中微量元素的预富集方法

本文综述了X射线荧光光谱法分析液体样品中微量元素的预富集方法,包括物理法、沉淀/共沉淀法、电解沉积法、液液萃取法、液固萃取法和混合预富集法,探讨了各种预富集法的优缺点及其发展趋势(引用文献63篇)。     

钨丝电热蒸发-氩氢火焰原子荧光光谱分析法研究

以钨丝原子化器替换传统氢化物原子荧光分析仪石英炉原子化器及其氢化物发生气体进样系统,构建了一种新颖的集电热蒸发进样-氩氢火焰原子化为一体的原子荧光光谱分析系统;并用标准溶液研究了该系统的分析性能.在优化的仪器条件下,直接在钨丝表面进样,Pb、Ni和Au的检出限分别为:1.5、2.0和2.0μL.再结合电沉积预富集技术,...     

电解预浓缩技术在原子吸收分光光度分析中的应用

本文介绍了电解预浓缩技术的基本装置和各种工作电极材料,重点评述钨丝工作电极在火焰和无火焰原子吸收分析中的应用及其利弊,指出采用电解后的钨丝直接作原子化器可以弥补仪器设备的不足。最后表列出该技术在原子吸收分析中的应用现状。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.