小鼠舌体接种U_(14)后癌周淋巴管的组织学计量研究

目的:观察小鼠移植瘤周生长过程中瘤淋巴管的分布规律。方法:采用酶组化染色光镜观察与半自动体视学形态定量相结合的方法对正常小鼠舌体及U14移植瘤瘤周组织内淋巴管形态和密度进行了动态观察。结果:(1)、接种U14肿瘤细胞后的不同时期小鼠舌体,其瘤周组织内总体毛细淋巴管(包括闭锁及有腔淋巴管)密度与正常舌体组织相比无显著性差异(P>0.05)。(2)、随着肿瘤组织的生长,开放的毛细淋巴管数目也随之相应增加,15天后达到一定峰值后则趋于稳定,同期开始较多地发现肿瘤细胞侵入淋巴管腔并出现颈淋巴结转移。结论:在肿瘤生长过程中,癌周组织内毛细淋巴管数目没有增多;肿瘤间质压升高和瘤周组织水肿所至的开放毛细淋巴管增多是肿瘤细胞发生转移的重要因素之一。     

人舌鳞癌及肉瘤组织周围淋巴管形态计量学研究

目的 了解不同组织来源的恶性肿瘤周围组织淋巴管形态计量学的变化规律。方法 收集舌鳞癌患者病理蜡块60例，舌横纹肌肉瘤病理蜡块10例。采用免疫组织化学双重染色方法，利用自动图像分析系统，对其瘤周组织淋巴管，毛细淋巴管的面积、管径和面数密度进行比较研究。结果 舌横纹肌肉瘤瘤周淋巴管，毛细淋巴管管腔的面积、管径和面数密度均较正常舌组织内的高，在统计学上有显著性差异（P〈0．01）；同舌癌癌周的淋巴管、毛细淋巴管相比，其管腔面积及管径大而面数密度略低，但两者的测定参数在统计学上无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。结论 舌不同组织来源的恶性肿瘤（舌癌与舌横纹肌肉瘤），其肿瘤周围的淋巴管、毛细淋巴管形态及数量的改变在统计学上无显著性差异。     

舌鳞癌癌周淋巴管的形态特征及与颈淋巴结转移关系的探讨

目的:探讨舌黏膜鳞癌癌周淋巴管、毛细淋巴管的管腔面积、管径及面数密度的变化规律,及其与颈淋巴结转移的关系。方法:收集各期舌黏膜鳞癌患者的病理蜡块60例。采用免疫组织化学双重染色方法,利用图像自动分析系统,对癌周组织淋巴管、毛细淋巴管的面积、管径和面数密度进行比较。结果:癌周毛细淋巴管、淋巴管的面积、管径及面数密度,随着舌癌的进程及浸润深度增加而变化,在统计学上有显著性差异(P<0.05),而且在有、无转移组中同样有显著性差异。结论:癌周淋巴管、毛细淋巴管的形态、数量变化,是肿瘤转移的一个重要形态学特征。     

舌癌毛细淋巴管的酶组织化学研究进展

舌癌发病率高且易向淋巴结转移，研究舌部淋巴管分布有助于了解舌癌的转移和预后，毛细淋巴管的形态学研究比较困难，毛细淋巴管内皮细胞在形态学上与毛细血管相似，常规染色在光镜水平难以区分，而淋巴管内皮细胞的核苷酸酶(5′-Nase)活性明显高于血管，在血管内皮细胞则具有高度活性的碱性磷酸酶(Alpase)，应用核苷酸酶-碱性磷酸酶双重染色法，可有效地显示舌部的淋巴管和毛细淋巴管的分布和走向。在肿瘤和正常组织交界区域的丝状乳头内含有丰富的毛细淋巴管，并与黏膜固有层内的毛细淋巴管汇合，结缔组织乳头内毛细淋巴管和黏膜固有层的毛细淋巴管，核苷酸酶活性有减低倾向。在肿瘤的中央部，结缔组织乳头及乳头内毛细淋巴管的分布，随上皮基底层形态的不规则变化而变化，且核苷酸酶活性显著下降，毛细淋巴管口径增大，舌部肿瘤组织周围的口径增大的新生淋巴管网，可能与舌癌易发生早期转移有关。     

U14细胞接种昆明小鼠舌体后癌周淋巴管的改变及其与淋巴道转移的研究

目的：建立小鼠舌体移植瘤颈淋巴结转移模型,探讨癌周淋巴管的病理改变与淋巴道转移的关系。方法：将Ｕ１４的腹水瘤细胞移植于昆明小鼠舌体内,分期分批切取舌体组织,改良５’＝核苷酸酶组化染色法显示癌周淋巴管。结果：小鼠舌体接种Ｕ１４肿瘤细胞后颈淋巴结转移率可达７０％;Ｕ１４肿瘤细胞进入淋巴管腔的方式主要有２种,即通过正常管壁开放间隙和造成管壁缺损进入淋巴管腔。     

人舌淋巴管分布及引流特征的研究

目的　了解舌淋巴管的分布及引流特征,以期为舌部肿瘤的治疗提供可靠的解剖学依据。方法　应用淋巴管间接注射技术结合淋巴管铺片透明显示法、淋巴管铸型及扫描电镜观察来研究人舌淋巴管的分布特点,同时通过颈部解剖学方法观察舌不同区域初级引流淋巴结的分布。结果　舌背黏膜毛细淋巴管和淋巴管构成双层网络结构,其分布不受界沟和中线的影响,分布于整个舌背黏膜。肌间淋巴管与舌背和舌腹黏膜淋巴管相交通,由此构成完整的舌淋巴管网络结构。各注射区域颈部初级引流淋巴结的分布呈现一定的特点,舌前部主要引流至颏下淋巴结、颌下淋巴结和颈肩胛舌骨肌淋巴结;舌侧部和舌中部主要引流至颌下淋巴结、颈二腹肌淋巴结和甲状淋巴结;舌根部主要引流至颈二腹肌淋巴结。各注射区初级引流淋巴结均可出现于双侧颈部,但同侧发生频率高于对侧。结论　舌淋巴管呈网络状分布,舌部任一区域的淋巴引流有广泛性和双侧性的特点,同时又具有一定的趋向性。     

免疫组化双重染色法在毛细淋巴管研究中的应用

目的评价免疫组化双重染色在毛细淋巴管研究中的作用。方法利用荆豆凝集素及IV型胶原单克隆抗体分别标记内层细胞和基底膜，对舌、颊等组织进行免疫组化双重染色。结果毛细淋巴管由于仅有一层内皮细胞构成而呈单层着色，而毛细血管则由于内皮细胞外还有一层完整的基底膜而呈双层着色。结论免疫组化双重染色法在毛细淋巴管的研究中是一种较为准确、客观的方法。     

免疫组化双重染色法在毛细淋巴管研究中的应用

目的：评价免疫组化双重染色在毛细淋巴管研究中的作用。方法：利用荆豆凝集素及Ⅳ型胶原单克隆抗体分别标记内层细胞和基底膜，对舌、颊等组织进行免疫组化双重染色。结果：毛细淋巴管由于仅有一层内皮细胞构成而呈单层着色，而毛细管则由于内皮细胞外还有一层完整的基底膜而呈双层着色。结论：免疫组化双重染色法在毛细淋巴管的研究中是一种较为准确、客观的方法。     

血管内皮生长因子C 对舌鳞癌癌周淋巴管的促增殖作用

目的研究血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)对舌鳞癌癌周淋巴管的促增殖作用.方法将VEGF-C高表达的舌鳞癌细胞株(A组)接种于发育至第6～8天的鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM),设立空白质粒转染组(B组)和空白对照组(C组),5′-核苷酸酶(5′-Nase)染色观察瘤周淋巴管,淋巴管形态学测量统计分析淋巴管数密度(LVD)、截面面积以及周长的变化.结果 3组在CAM上均能成瘤,肿瘤组织对周围CAM的侵袭较弱,瘤体组织内未见淋巴管的生成;瘤周淋巴管形态学测量分析发现A组癌周淋巴管的LVD、截面面积和周长均高于B、C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);B、C组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 CAM是研究淋巴管的较理想的模型;VEGF-C能够诱导癌周淋巴管扩张,这可能是VEGF-C增加舌鳞癌颈淋巴转移的机制之一.     

人体口腔颊、舌部淋巴管的结构特点及分布与癌转移

收集新鲜成人尸体颊、舌部组织标本１０例，应用ＡＢＣ酶标染色法，透射电镜观察及体视学定量方法，对颊、舌部组织不同层次内的淋巴管形态、结构及数量进行了研究。结果提示，毛细淋巴管结构不完整及内皮间连接松散为癌细胞的侵入提供了有利的解剖学基础。     

舌鳞癌淋巴管生成与颈淋巴结转移的关系

目的：研究舌鳞癌淋巴管生成及淋巴管密度／淋巴管相对面积（LVD／LVA）与颈淋巴结转移的关系，为术前准确判断颈淋巴结状况提供参考。方法：口腔颌面外科接受舌癌切除及颈淋巴清扫术的标本63例：对HE染色阴性的淋巴结，应用细胞角蛋白CK（AE1／AE3）标记检测微转移，以免疫组织化学检测结果判断淋巴结转移；以LYVE—1作为淋巴管内皮标志物，研究舌癌淋巴管生成参数——淋巴管密度（LVD）和淋巴管面积（LVA）与颈淋巴结转移及其他临床病理变量（年龄、性别、T分类、病理分级、浸润方式）之间的关系。应用SPSS10．0统计软件包对所得数据进行Mann-whitney U检验。结果：应用细胞角蛋白CK（AE1／AE3）标记免疫组化法检测微转移，提高了淋巴结转移的检出率；舌癌实质内未见到LYVE—1^＋的脉管结构，LYVE—1^＋脉管多位于癌周，癌周LVD、LVA与颈淋巴结转移及其他临床病理变量均无关。结论：舌癌癌周淋巴管密度（LVD）、淋巴管面积（LVA）与颈淋巴结转移及其他临床病理变量均无关，不宜作为术前评估淋巴结状况的指标。     

High interstitial fluid pressure in rat tongue cancer is related to increased lymph vessel area, tumor size, invasiveness and decreased body weight

Background:  Interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) in most tumors is high, and this high pressure has been correlated with poor prognosis. Measurements of IFP in normal tongue and in tongue cancer are lacking. Recent research suggests the existence of a relationship between increased peritumoral lymph vessels (PTLV) and survival, and a correlation of increased lymphatic vessel density with an unfavorable prognosis has been reported.
Materials and methods:  In the present study, tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was induced by adding the carcinogen 4-nitroquinoline oxide in drinking water for 19 weeks. The IFP was measured by micropuncture and immunohistochemistry was used to visualize lymph vessels.
Results:  In normal tongue, IFP averaged 3.1 ± 0.3 mmHg. The IFP, both in the tumor (29.1 ± 2.9 mmHg) and 0.5 cm anterior to it (15.4 ± 2.1 mmHg) was consistently increased ( P  <   0.005) with values ranging from 10 to 40 mmHg. The highest IFP values were measured in rats with large tumors ( P  <   0.05) and low body weight ( P  <   0.001), suggesting that IFP increases with cancer progression. Lymphatic vessel area (%), as determined with the lymphatic specific marker LYVE-1 antibody, was significantly increased in the peritumoral area when compared to intratumoral and control mucosa ( P  <   0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between IFP, PTLV area, tumor size and invasiveness.
Conclusions:  Our data show that IFP is increased in tongue cancer. Corresponding changes in PTLV area, invasiveness, tumor area and IFP suggest that the increased pressure is caused by defective lymph drainage and solid stress generated by tumor cells growing in a low compliant environment.     

Morphometric study of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in granular cell tumors of the tongue

Several reports have mentioned the possibility of misdiagnosing pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) of the overlying mucosa of a granular cell tumor as a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Because of this, morphometry was applied to five granular cell tumors with PEH and five well-differentiated SCC of the tongue. In addition, ten normal tongues have been examined. The mean area, the mean perimeter and the mean diameter of the 50 largest squamous epithelial nuclei in 50 fields were found to be significantly larger in squamous cell carcinomas than in granular cell tumors and normal tongues. The shape factor of the nucleus and the mitotic activity appeared to be of no significant value in this respect.     

Fibronectins in healing incision, excision and laser wounds

The distribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoproteins, fibronectins (FNs), was studied in healing scalpel incision, excision and laser wounds of rat tongue dorsal mucosa over a healing period of 42 days by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy using mono- and polyclonal antibodies. A monoclonal antibody (Mab) DH1 was used to detect extradomain-A containing cellular fibronectin (ED-AcFN), and a polyclonal antiserum was utilized to recognize all forms of FNs. In normal tissue ED-AcFN was confined only to the endothelia of larger blood vessels whereas in healing wounds abundant immunoreactive deposits were found in regenerating connective tissue and endothelia of capillaries. The increased content of FNs revealed with both antibodies subsided later on during healing. The results suggest that the locally produced ED-AcFN is essential for tissue regeneration and plays a distinct functional role during wound healing. Laser treatment did not affect the ability of wound fibroblasts to synthesize and deposit cFN. The results provide further evidence that certain embryonic characteristics are seen in regenerating tissue.     

A comparative study of healing of laser and scalpel incision wounds in rat oral mucosa

Capillary proliferation and inflammatory cell infiltration were evaluated in healing laser and scalpel incision wounds in rat tongue mucosa in 22 Sprague-Dawley rats for a period of 28 days. The incisions were made in parallel on both sides of the midline of the tongue. Specimens for immunohistochemical and histologic examination were taken immediately, 6 h, 2, 11, and 28 days after the surgery. The microscopic inspection of the sections stained immunohistologically for factor VIII-related antigen, a marker for endothelial cells, suggested a smaller amount of capillaries immediately and during the early healing phase in the vicinity of the laser incisions when compared with the scalpel incisions. The proliferation of capillaries during healing was also retarded at the lasered sites. The microscopic inspection of the histologic specimens showed that the inflammatory cell infiltration appeared slower but was more prominent in the healing laser wounds than in the healing scalpel incision wounds.