在健康调查中测量社会资本的关键问题

随着人们对健康社会决定因素的认识，社会资本已逐渐成为国际健康研究中的一个重要概念。虽然在测量社会资本的方法上尚缺乏经验，尤其是在发展中国家，但是现在已有大量研究提供了有关社会资本测量的重要信息。首先综述了社会资本和健康关系的概念及其重要性，其次阐述了有关社会资本和健康的重要研究中所采用的方法，继而得出值得注意的问题包括；获得反映该领域最新发展理论的综合测量方法（尤其是认知、结构、纽带和桥梁社会资本的概念）；从个体水平整合到生态水平；重视混杂因素、信度和效度问题。     

在健康调查中测量社会资本的关键问题

随着人们对健康社会决定因素的认识,社会资本已逐渐成为国际健康研究中的一个重要概念.虽然在测量社会资本的方法上尚缺乏经验,尤其是在发展中国家,但是现在已有大量研究提供了有关社会资本测量的重要信息.首先综述了社会资本和健康关系的概念及其重要性,其次阐述了有关社会资本和健康的重要研究中所采用的方法,继而得出值得注意的问题包括获得反映该领域最新发展理论的综合测量方法(尤其是认知、结构、纽带和桥梁社会资本的概念);从个体水平整合到生态水平;重视混杂因素、信度和效度问题.     

社会资本与健康关系的研究

20世纪80年代，社会科学中出现一新术语“社会资本”，当时研究者主要探讨社会资本对社会、经济发展的影响。近年来，随着人们对健康的关注，社会资本与健康的关系成为众多学者的研究热点。通过综述国内外文献，阐述了社会资本的定义、测量方法及社会资本与健康的关系。     

社会资本与健康关系的研究

20世纪80年代,社会科学中出现一新术语"社会资本",当时研究者主要探讨社会资本对社会、经济发展的影响.近年来,随着人们对健康的关注,社会资本与健康的关系成为众多学者的研究热点.通过综述国内外文献,阐述了社会资本的定义、测量方法及社会资本与健康的关系.     

社会资本与英国诺丁汉社会行动研究

社会资本是一个解释力强劲而广泛的概念，它已经成为社会科学的一个公共概念，与此同时，社会资本又为诸多学科之间的对话和综合提供了概念和方法上的支持。作为社会问题分析的重要视角和解释范式，西方经济发达国家(如英国诺丁汉开展的社会行动研究项目)从不同的角度、不同的层次对该理论作了深入细致的系统研究，有着重要的理论和实践价值。     

社会资本的影响因素研究

大量研究结果显示社会资本是一个重要的健康决定因素,因此应用社会资本理论进行健康促进具有重要意义。近年来,社会资本受到健康领域越来越多的关注,但多从社会资本与健康及健康行为关系的角度进行研究,有关社会资本的影响因素的研究较少。本文从个人以及社会政治、经济、文化等方面对社会资本的影响因素进行了文献综述,为今后应用社会资本理论进行健康促进提供科学依据。     

社会资本测量及其在健康领域应用

目的社会资本是一个多维度多层面的概念,对其进行定量测量是一个非常复杂的程序。本文介绍了社会资本的相关概念及常用测量工具,并讨论了社会资本测量在健康领域的相关实证应用。建议在进行社会资本测量时,应根据调查所在地区的社会人口学特征、经济文化水平等因素,并结合研究目的选择需要测量的社会资本的维度,选用信度和效度量好的测量工具,或采用定性分析和定量测量结合的方法研究社会资本与健康的关联。     

社会资本与健康公平关系的实证研究

目的：探讨社会资本对我国城市居民健康公平的影响。方法：分析方法包括单因素和logistic回归分析。主要测量指标包括自评健康指标和因子分析得到的5个社会资本因子。结果：邻里关系、互惠与社会支持高分组的人群自评健康差的概率只有低分组的1．37倍和1.32倍。但是引入社会资本变量后，贫困对自评健康的影响并没有很明显的减少。结论：在消除贫困所带来的影响的前提下，推动贫困人口社会资本的发展，对健康公平的改善会更有意义。     

健康资本:人力资本理论的新拓展

从人力资本理论的角度，详细阐述了健康资本的概念、特点及发展过程；描述了健康生产函数模型及特点；分析了健康需求与医疗服务需求之问的关系，并对健康资本在社会经济发展中所具有的现实意义进行了评价。     

医院社会资本积累与竞争优势分析

文章探讨了社会资本的概念形成、医院社会资本的内涵、医院内外部社会资本与医院竞争优势的关系。医院管理者应重视社会资本这一无形资源，不断积累医院社会资本，提升医院竞争优势。     

社会因素与人群健康状况关系研究

目的:探讨影响人群整体健康水平的主要社会因素,为卫生工作转变思想提供参考。方法:以173个国家2000年度卫生、经济、民主政治、教育、社会发展以及能源利用等指标数据为研究对象,运用多元逐步回归分析方法筛选变量,并建立社会因素与人群期望寿命的关系模型。结果:影响人群健康状况的主要社会因素不是经济投入和卫生工作,而是社会资本要素。结论:提高人群整体健康水平的有效途径是建立并充分利用社会资本。     

社会资本对社区卫生服务供需影响及对策研究

文章阐述了当前“社会资本”的两种具体涵义,较全面地分析了社会资本对社区卫生服务供需双方产生的影响,以期获得对社区卫生服务可持续发展更清晰的视角,并在此基础上提出相应措施.     

Lost in translation: a genealogy of the "social capital" concept in public health

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the genealogy of the social capital concept in public health, with attention to the epistemological concerns and academic practices that shaped the way in which this concept was translated into public health. DESIGN: A citation-network path analysis of the public health literature on social capital was used to generate a genealogy of the social capital concept in public health. The analysis identifies the intellectual sources, influential texts, and developments in the conceptualisation of social capital in public health. PARTICIPANTS: The population of 227 texts (articles, books, reports) was selected in two phases. Phase 1 texts were articles in the PubMed database with "social capital" in their title published before 2003 (n = 65). Phase 2 texts are those texts cited more than once by phase 1 articles (n = 165). MAIN RESULTS: The analysis shows how the scholarship of Robert Putnam has been absorbed into public health research, how three seminal texts appearing in 1996 and 1997 helped shape the communitarian form that the social capital concept has assumed in public health, and how both were influenced by the epistemological context of social epidemiology at the time. CONCLUSIONS: Originally viewed in public health research as an ecological level, psychosocial mechanism that might mediate the income inequality-health pathway, the dominance of the communitarian approach to social capital has given disproportionate attention to normative and associational properties of places. Network approaches to social capital were lost in this translation. Recovering them is key to a full translation and conceptualisation of social capital in public health.     

社会资本与医院发展理论研究

社会资本理论的提出,为人们研究社会各行业的发展提供了一个崭新的视角。社会资本对经济增长乃至整个社会发展的重要性给予了充分肯定,同时,社会资本的概念或理论为人们提供了一条探讨社会因素作用于医院发展机理的线索。重视对社会资本理论的研究,充分认识和利用社会资本的卫生保健功能,有利于对医院实行有效的管理,发挥最大的协同作用,有利于医院的长远建设,有利于实现医院的可持续发展,有利于开创卫生工作的新局面。     

社会资本开发与卫生事业发展

从社会资本理论内涵及其构成要素出发,探讨其对卫生事业发展产生作用的关键环节,并提出通过加强外部制度和内部制度建设,为卫生事业发展创造良好和谐的社会政策、公民道德等宏观环境;通过医疗机构之间的合作、网络建设和盘活机构内部机制,构建卫生事业发展的组织基础;通过加强社区综合环境建设和鼓励培育志愿者组织与行动,创建促进卫生事业发展的微观社会环境等措施,以充分开发社会资本,为卫生事业发展提供动力。     

Measuring social capital: further insights

Social capital is defined as the resources available to individuals and groups through membership in social networks. However, multiple definitions, distinct dimensions and subtypes of social capital have been used to investigate and theorise about its relationship to health on different scales, creating a confusing picture. This heterogeneity makes it necessary to systematise social capital measures in order to build a stronger foundation in terms of how these associations between the different aspects of social capital and each specific health indicator develop. We aim to provide an overview of the measurement approaches used to measure social capital in its different dimensions and scales, as well as the mechanisms through which it is presumed to influence health. Understanding the mechanisms through which these relationships develop may help to refine the existing measures or to identify new, more appropriate ones.     

Social capital and self-rated health in Argentina

The potential link between social capital and health suggests important pathways by which health may be improved. We examine this relationship using a unique data set from Argentina. This national survey allows us to determine whether the relationships between social capital and health that have been found in the US and Europe also apply to countries in South America (Argentina is the second-largest country in South America with a population of approximately 40 million). We estimate a causal effect of individual-level social capital on health using a measure of informal social interactions as our measure of social capital. Using information about access to public transportation as instrumental variables, we find that both men and women with higher levels of social capital report better health.     

The practitioners’ perspective on the upside and downside of applying social capital concept in therapeutic settings

Social capital, and more particularly the social networks that define its existence, is said to benefit health and well‐being. In individuals recovering from alcohol and drug addiction, social capital accruing from social networks support treatment, recovery and maintenance. Therefore, the concept of social capital is important for public health practitioners working in recovery interventions. This qualitative study seeks to explore what practitioners perceive as the importance of social capital and how they apply the concept in interventions to support individuals recovering from drug and alcohol addiction. Eight public health practitioners involved in drug and substance abuse interventions in West Yorkshire, England, were interviewed. The results of the interview were then deductively coded using two priori themes of perceived impact of social capital on health outcomes and application of social capital theory in recovery interventions. The findings reveal that practitioners understand the impact of social capital as the effects of social networks on recovery and apply the concept in their interventions. However, the nature of interventions created based on similarities in condition (alcohol and substance addiction) and intended outcome (recovery) create bonding social capital with mixed outcomes. This paper argues that the wider benefits to service users are unintentionally inhibited by the overwhelming downsides of bonding social capital. For instance, closed support groups comprised of individuals with high similarities further exclude the already socioeconomically deprived service users from integrating and accessing resources outside their groups.     

Social capital and self‐rated health: A cross‐sectional study of the general social survey data comparing rural and urban adults in Ontario

The concept of social capital shows great promise for its potential to influence individual and population health. Yet challenges persist in defining and measuring social capital, and little is known about the mechanisms that link social capital and health. This paper reports on the quantitative phase of a sequential explanatory mixed methods study using data from Canada's 2013 General Social Survey (data collected 2013–14). An exploratory factor analysis revealed six underlying dimensions of social capital for 7,187 adults living in Ontario, Canada. These factors included trust in people, neighbourhood social capital, trust in institutions, sense of belonging, civic engagement, and social network size. A logistic regression indicated that having high Trust in People and Trust in Institutions were associated with better mental health while high Trust in Institutions, Sense of Belonging, and Civic Engagement were associated with better physical health. When comparing rural and urban residents, there were no differences in their self‐reported health, nor did social capital influence their health any differently, despite rural residents having higher social capital scores. The study findings are important for understanding the nature of social capital and how it influences health, and provide direction for targeted health promotion strategies.     

Habitus and responsible dog-ownership: reconsidering the health promotion implications of ‘dog-shaped’ holes in people’s lives

Responsible dog ownership has been identified as a point of intervention to promote physical activity, based upon an expectation of dog walking in public space. Nevertheless, quantitative research has found variability among owners in their dog walking. In this study, we explore the implications for health promotion of such variability. We do so by drawing on the concepts of habitus and social capital to analyse qualitative interviews. Participants were recruited from a social network in a cosmopolitan city with a policy framework intended to ensure equitable access to public space for dog walkers. The analysis confirms dog ownership can promote both physical activity and social capital, to the extent of mutual reinforcement. Yet we identified patterns of care in which dogs could influence people’s emotional well-being without promoting physical activity. In particular, some owners were not capable of extensive dog walking but still benefited emotionally from dog ownership and from interpersonal interactions facilitated by dog ownership. Some participants’ dogs, however, could not be walked in public without risking public safety and social sanctions. Responsible dog ownership can therefore also entail not exercising dogs. Contra to the emerging ideal in health promotion, a ‘dog-shaped hole’ in someone’s life does not always take the form of a walking companion.