腹主动脉瘤的治疗方法和中远期效果评价

随着人口老龄化,以及高血压、动脉硬化等高危因素的增加,腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)的发病率也随之增高。最新数据表明美国每年约有30,000人死于AAA破裂,一旦破裂死亡率高达90%[1],因此早期诊断,积极治疗,防止破裂意义重大。AAA治疗方法主要包括开放手术和腔内     

腹主动脉瘤的治疗方法与远期效果评价——腹主动脉瘤的治疗方法和中远期效果评价

随着人口老龄化，以及高血压、动脉硬化等高危因素的增加，腹主动脉瘤（abdominal aortic aneurysm．AAA）的发病率也随之增高。最新数据表明美国每年约有30，000人死于AAA破裂，一旦破裂死亡率高达90％，因此早期诊断，积极治疗，防止破裂意义重大。AAA治疗方法主要包括开放手术和腔内修复术（endovascular aortic repair，EVAR）。[第一段]     

腹主动脉瘤的治疗方法与远期效果评价

随着饮食结构的改变及人口老龄化的加剧,以动脉硬化为主要病因的腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aor-tic anearysm,AAA)的发病率逐年上升,其最大威胁是瘤体突然破裂,出血性休克、死亡。著名科学家爱因斯坦、李四光以及著名女排运动员海曼均死于AAA破裂。近十年来尽管AAA的诊断和治疗取得     

腔内修复与开放手术治疗腹主动脉瘤的疗效比较

目的 比较腹主动脉瘤开放手术和腔内治疗的效果.方法 对223例分别行开放手术和腔内修复的腹主动脉瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,对手术相关情况、围手术期及随访中并发症发生率、生存率、生存质量以及与住院相关的费用进行了对比分析.结果 腔内修复组手术时间、术中出血量、输血量均少于开放手术组(P<0.01);两组围手术期并发症比较无显著差异(P>0.05);SF-36量表评估显示术后6个月开放手术组生活质量优于腔内治疗组,两组术后2年生存率比较无显著差异(P>0.05),但腔内修复组并发症发生率高于开放手术组(P<0.01).住院费用腔内修复组明显高于开放手术组(P<0.01).结论 腹主动脉瘤腔内修复具有手术时间短、微创的特点,但具有较高的远期并发症;开放手术组术后6个月健康生存质量优于腔内修复组.     

腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗

自１９８１年至１９９４年，作者共收治包括４７例胸腹主动脉瘤在内的腹主动脉瘤患者１７８例。年龄自４岁至７９岁，平均５２．１岁。男女比例为５∶１。４例伴主动脉－上腔静脉瘘，２例腹主动脉－十二指肠瘘，１例伴由胃癌所致的幽门梗阻，６例由大动脉瘤。腹主动脉瘤采用常规手术方法。胸腹主动脉瘤用改良的ＢｅＢａｋｅｙ法、Ｃｒａｗｆｏｒｄ法或胸腹部病变分期切除法。腹主动脉瘤手术死亡率３．８％，胸腹主动脉瘤１７．４％。     

腹主动脉瘤破裂的诊断和治疗

我科自1991年1月至1995年12月间共收治有症状的肾下型腹主动脉瘤16例,包括濒临破裂8例,破裂8例,全部手术或彩色超声多普勒确诊。前者全部治愈,后者手术6例仅3例成功。对濒临破裂患者及早手术是防止破裂,降低腹主动脉瘤死亡率的关键,对于直径小于5cm的腹主动脉瘤应行B超或彩色超声多普勒定期检查,了解增长速度。本文对腹主动脉瘤破裂的有关问题予以讨论,对已破裂的腹主动脉瘤,手术治疗是唯一的生存希望。     

小直径腹主动脉瘤手术治疗和保守治疗疗效的Meta分析

目的:系统评价手术治疗与保守治疗对小直径腹主动脉瘤(AAA)的疗效。方法:检索国内外文献数据库,选择手术治疗(血管腔内修补术和开放手术)与保守治疗小直径AAA的随机对照实验,按照Cochrance系统评价员手册对纳入文献的方法学质量进行评价后,采用Rev Man5.1软件进行Meta分析。结果:共纳入4个随机试验,4篇文献,共计3 314例患者,其中行血管腔内修补术和开放手术1 680例,保守治疗1 634例。Meta分析结果显示,两组之间总原因病死率(SMD=0.97,95%CI=0.68~1.38)、动脉瘤相关病死率(SMD=0.81,95%CI=0.56~1.17)、动脉瘤破裂率(SMD=0.49,95%CI=0.09~2.54,P=0.39)、术后30 d或者住院期间病死率(SMD=0.88,95%CI=0.60~1.291)差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:小直径AAA手术治疗与保守治疗疗效相似,但不能确定该结论是否有临床意义,笔者经综合分析认为小直径AAA仍应积极手术治疗。     

有关腹主动脉瘤治疗中的若干问题

有关腹主动脉瘤治疗中的若干问题陈福真腹主动脉瘤（ＡＡＡ）并非真正的肿瘤，乃是腹主动脉的明显局限性扩张性疾病，在西方其发病率高达４％［１，２］，在我国腹主动脉瘤的发病率远低于西方国家，但有逐年增多趋势，本文就有关问题结合自己的临床经验谈点看法。一、有关...     

肾动脉平面下腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗

目的：探讨肾动脉平面下腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗经验。方法：传统开放手术治疗27例中择期手术19例,动脉瘤破裂行急症手术8例;腔内手术治疗4例。结果：围手术期并发心力衰竭3例,呼吸衰竭8例,急性心肌梗死1例,急性肾功能衰竭4例,术后严重出血1例,死亡5例,余均治愈。结论：外科手术是治疗肾动脉平面下腹主动脉瘤的有效手段,而腔内治疗以其安全、微创、对人体内环境干扰小等优点将成为未来发展的趋势。     

Endovascular Treatment of Symptomatic and Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms

Aim: To report our early experience with endovascular treatment of symptomatic and ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) using the Talent bifurcated stent graft.

Patients-methods: From August 2003 to May 2007 nine patients with symptomatic AAA (sAAA) (two after previous endovascular repair and endoleak), and eleven patients with ruptured AAA (rAAA) (one with ruptured iliac aneurysm and one with spontaneous aortic rupture) were treated endovascularly. Seven bifurcated stent grafts, (six Talent), and two iliac extensions were implanted into the patients with sAAA, and nine bifurcated stent grafts (eight Talent) and two aorto-uniliacs were implanted into the patients with rAAA.

Results: The deployment of the endovascular device in the intended location was successful in all patients. There was no conversion to open surgery. One patient with sAAA died after stroke and sepsis resulting in 11.1% 30-day mortality in this group. One required re-intervention for a type I endoleak before his discharge. Eight patients were discharged and during a follow-up period of 4–42 months (median 18 months) they have remained well. Two patients with rAAA died in the 30-day postoperative period. Thirty-day mortality was 18.1%. An unintended occlusion of one renal artery was performed. There were 9 survivors. During a follow-up period of 17–45 months (median 26 months) one more died of myocardial infarction.

Conclusion: Initial experience with endovascular treatment of patients with symptomatic or ruptured AAA, using the Talent bifurcated stent graft is promising. Bifurcated endografts can be implanted into patients with rAAA. A larger number of patients and longer follow-up is necessary to arrive at more reliable conclusions.     

Surgical Treatment of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms in the Elderly

t -test, Mann-Whitney test, and chi-square test were used. Those variables showing statistical significance were entered into a multivariate logistic regression model. The results of these analyses indicate that in elderly patients undergoing surgery for ruptured AAA have a high operative mortality. Comorbid factors, however, were not identified as independent predictors of death. Surgery should not be denied these patients and selective screening should be contemplated.     

肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉瘤外科治疗的若干问题(附461例报告)

提高肾动脉水平以下腹主动脉瘤手术的安全性。方法：总结１９６０年１月～２００１年３月４６１例腹主动脉瘤切除、人造血管移植及腹主动脉瘤腔内隔绝术的经验。结果：随着腹膜后途径和小切口等技术的应用,动脉瘤近端血流控制、动脉瘤切除以及缝合修补和腔内隔绝术等方法的更新,使手术危险性明显降低,手术死亡率４．８％,５年存活率达７４．４％。结论：手术技术和麻醉监护的进步,使腹主动脉瘤的外科治疗变得更安全、迅速和方便。