C-L短柱瓣体外流体动力学评价

目的：评价Ｃ－Ｌ短柱瓣体外流体动力学性能。方法：以Ｃ－Ｌ标准瓣、Ｍｅｄｔｒｏｎｉｃ－Ｈａｌｌ瓣作对照,对Ｃ－Ｌ短柱瓣进行了静态泄漏、定常流及脉动流测试。结果：Ｃ－Ｌ短柱瓣静态泄漏率为（２９８±６６）ｍｌ／ｍｉｎ符合临床应用要求。Ｃ－Ｌ短柱瓣定常流跨瓣压差明显低于Ｃ－Ｌ标准瓣（Ｐ〈０．０１）,流场模型显示其瓣后流场涡流明显小于Ｃ－Ｌ标准瓣,且大瓣口层流肖晰,小瓣口基本保持层流。脉动流测试表明Ｃ－Ｌ短     

国产C-L双叶机械瓣动物实验结果

目的:评价国产C-L双叶机械瓣的动物实验结果. 方法:选择杂交绵羊6只为实验动物,在体外循环下将直径23 mm的C-L双叶机械瓣植入其二尖瓣位置,通过观察术中的有创血流动力学表现、术后长期成活率、超声多普勒血流动力学表现和病理检查,全面评价C-L双叶瓣的生物相容性和血流动力学表现并与目前使用的同类瓣膜进行比较.结果:瓣膜植入顺利,3只动物存活超过3个月,术后早期左房压仅有轻度升高(术前10.8 mmHg vs 术后13 mmHg).超声检测显示瓣膜活动良好,在峰流速(C-L瓣218 cm/s vs Carbomedic瓣210 cm/s)、峰值跨瓣压差(C-L瓣19.2 mmHg vs Carbomedic瓣18 mmHg)、有效瓣口面积、返流量等指标上与同类进口瓣膜无显著性差异;病理结果显示在其他重要器官内未见明显微血栓形成.结论:C-L双叶瓣的生物相容性和血流动力学性指标满意,与同类进口瓣膜相比无显著差别.     

保留全瓣的二尖瓣置换术56例报告

二尖瓣置换术已经成为风湿性心脏瓣膜疾病的常规手术。随着临床经验的不断丰富,外科技术的日趋完善,二尖瓣瓣膜结构完整性在瓣膜外科中的重要性逐渐被大家所认识。笔者科室自2007年6月—2010年6月共施行保留二尖瓣全瓣的二尖瓣置换术56例,取得良好效果,现报告如下。     

单针单线缝合法和HP瓣在小瓣环主动脉瓣置换术中的应用

目的探讨联合应用单针单线缝合法和HP(hemodynamic plus)瓣对小瓣环进行主动脉瓣置换术的效果。方法对17例小瓣环主动脉瓣病变的患者联合应用单针单线缝合法植入HP瓣进行主动脉瓣置换术。术中探查主动脉瓣瓣环直径为19～22mm。术后1周复查心脏超声。结果本组患者无手术死亡,无严重的并发症。术后左室舒张末径为(49.1±9.4)mm、左室重量指数为(80.6±18.6)g/m~2、主动脉瓣跨瓣峰值压差为(21.6±12.6)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),均较术前[(61.5±10.3)mm、(126.5±35.1)g/m~2、(82.6±52.6)mmHg]显著降低(P值均<0.01)。患者术后纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)心功能分级较术前明显改善(x~2= 42.610,P<0.01)。结论小瓣环主动脉瓣病变患者进行主动脉瓣置换时,联合应用单针单线缝合法植入HP瓣是一种安全、有效的术式。     

国产GK-2型人造心脏瓣膜20年临床应用的随访观察

目的总结20年间应用413枚GK2型人造心脏瓣膜的治疗效果,评价国产GK2型单叶式机械瓣膜的远期疗效。方法对1985年初至2004年间施行的327例心脏瓣膜替换术患者进行随访观察,男123例,女204例。年龄1.6～68岁(38.62岁±10.14岁)。心功能Ⅱ级21例,Ⅲ级216例,Ⅳ90例。术式为二尖瓣置换(MVR)205例(62.69%),二尖瓣及主动脉瓣置换(DVR)86例(26.30%),主动脉瓣置换(AVR)31例(9.48%),三尖瓣置换(TVR)5例(1.52%)。共使用GK2型二尖瓣296枚,主动脉瓣117枚。随访0.5～19.6年(9.05年±4.59年),总随访人年数为2440.7患者年。结果早期死亡11例,死亡率为3.36%(11/327)。远期死亡24例,死亡率0.98%患者年。5年、10年、15年生存率分别为93.31%±0.03%、89.59%±2.1%及83.61%±6.09%。12例发生出血事件(0.49%患者年),7例发生瓣膜血栓形成或栓塞(0.29%患者年)。91.98%的患者(241/262)心功能恢复至(NYHA)I、II级。结论连续20年的临床应用和长期随访表明,该型瓣膜具有多项优点,瓣膜相关事件发生率处于较低水平,远期效果满意。     

不同起搏模式对缓慢性心律失常患者心脏重构及远期预后影响的随访观察

目的 评价单腔起搏(VVI)和双腔起搏(DDD)对缓慢性心律失常患者心脏重构及远期预后的影响.方法 回顾性分析1991年1月至2003年1月植入永久性起搏器的患者的随访资料,评价VVI和DDD两种不同起搏方式患者左心系统重构与瓣膜反流、心脏功能、血栓与心房颤动事件发生率、病死率等影响情况.结果 对DDD组患者57例和VVI组患者59例,长期随访(97±27)个月、(107±44)个月发现,DDD组患者左心房、左心室内径同术前比差异无统计学意义[(37±5)mm比(35±5)mm,P=0.07;(47±7) mm比 (47±5)mm,P=0.32],三尖瓣反流率显著增加(42.1%比10.5%,P<0.01);VVI组左心房[(45±12)mm比(39±12)mm,P<0.01]、左心室[(53±11) mm比( 50±9)mm,P=0.01)]舒张末期内径较术前明显增加且三尖瓣反流率(42.4% 比 16.9%,P<0.01)显著增加;DDD组[(57±7)%比(59%±9)%,P=0.11]和VVI组患者末次随访左心室射血分数[(53±10)%比(56±11)%,P=0.05]同术前比无明显变化;末次随访时DDD组和VVI组心房颤动发生率(5.4% 比 22.0%,P=0.14)、再住院率(26.3%比33.9%,P=0.08)和病死率(10.5%比11.9%,P=0.77)差异无统计学意义.结论 两种起搏模式均不能阻止心脏电重构与机械重构的发生.提示现有的房室顺序起搏模式基础上,有必要寻求更加生理性的起搏部位或最小化心室起搏、优化房室间期等方式提高患者的预后.

Abstract：

Objective To assess the effects of VVI (ventricular demand) and DDD (dual-chamber) pacing models on cardiac remodeling and the long-term clinical outcome of patients with symptomatic bradycardia.Methods All patients with DDD and VVI pacing models at our hospital from January 1991 to January 2003 were retrospectively analyzed.Results After a follow-up period of over 8 years in DDD and VVI groups (97±27, 107±44 months), left atrial diameter [(45±12) mm vs (39±12) mm, P<0.01] and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter[ (53±11) mm vs (50±9)mm, P=0.01] in 57 patients with VVI pacing model were markedly enlarged than those at pre-implantation. And tricuspid regurgitation increased (42.4% vs 16.9%, P<0.05). But in 59 patients with DDD pacing model, except for increased tricuspid regurgitation(42.1% vs 10.5%, P<0.01), left atrial diameter [(37±5) mm vs. (35±5)mm, P=0.07] and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter[(47±7)mm vs (47±5)mm, P=0.32] were not significantly different. Mitral regurgitation significantly increased only in the VVI group (P<0.01). The increases of left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (P=0.04), mitral valve (P=0.02) and tricuspid regurgitation (P<0.01) were much more pronounced in the VVI group than those in the DDD group. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) showed no difference with that at pre-implantation (P=0.11 in DDD group, P=0.05 in VVI group). But the LVEF value was lower (P=0.04) while the incidence of thrombolism was higher (P=0.03) in the VVI group than those in the DDD group at post-implantation. However, the incidence of atrial fibrillation (P=0.14), hospitalization (P=0.08) and survival (P=0.77) showed no significant difference between two groups.Conclusion DDD pacing offers more benefits over VVI pacing through improving cardiac functions and arresting left ventricular remodeling. However, neither groups showed any difference in decreasing mortality rate and hospitalization.Moreover, both pacing modes fail to reverse cardiac electrical and anatomical remodeling. It is imperative to explore more physiological pacing site and rational atrioventricular (AV) interval to improve the prognosis of patients.     

鼻咽癌患者的随访工作体会

随访观察是肿瘤治疗后很重要的一个环节,通过随访以了解其健康状况和治疗结果,并进行必要的医疗指导,以巩固疗效,使患者完全康复.我科自1979年建立随访室,但由于各种原因,随访率一直很低.2004年以来通过改进随访方式,收到了较好的效果,下面是我们的一些做法和体会.     

应用国产CL-V型双叶瓣行瓣膜置换21例分析

目的观察和评价新型国产CL-V型双叶型人工机械心脏瓣膜的早期临床疗效和近期随访结果。方法本组21例患者,行左房室瓣置换18例,左房室瓣及主动脉瓣联合置换3例。共植入进口瓣膜(23A)1枚,CL-V型双叶瓣23枚,其中CL-V型双叶瓣左房室瓣位21枚(25M 1枚、27M 20枚)、主动脉瓣位2枚(23A 1枚、25A 1枚)。比较术前与术后1周、术后6个月心脏房室大小、心功能、血流动力学及血液相容性指标;观察围术期及随访中是否有瓣膜相关并发症。结果随访率100%,随访时间6~61个月,平均随访时间19.8个月(1.7年)。本组无早期死亡(术后30 d内),术后早期及近期随访中血流动力学性能稳定,血液相容性良好,未发现与瓣膜有关的并发症发生。结论CL-V型双叶瓣的早期临床疗效满意,术后近期随访中未发现人工心脏瓣膜相关的并发症,远期疗效需进一步观察研究。     

三尖瓣成形对于左心瓣膜置换术后远期三尖瓣返流的预防作用

目的 探讨三尖瓣成形(TA)对于左心瓣膜置换术后远期三尖瓣返流(TR)的预防作用.方法 总结2001年1月-2006年6月105例术前无TR或合并轻度TR的左心瓣膜矫治手术病例.根据术中是否行TA术将患者分为成形组(TA组,n=46)和非成形组(NTA组,n＝59).随访≥5年,复查超声心动图并比较右心室前后径(RV)...     

经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术12年临床随访研究

目的　对经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术 (PBMV)后病人 12年随访资料作了回顾性分析 ,以确定再狭窄率、远期疗效及其影响因素。方法　对 1990年 5月至 2 0 0 2年 5月随访资料完整的 3 44例患者进行了回顾性研究 ,其中男性86例、女性 2 5 8例、年龄 40 .2± 9.6(15 -70 )岁。随访时间 1年 -12年 ,平均 3 .6± 2 .5年。对影响远期疗效的因素 ,用cox风险模型作了分析。结果　术后 1-12年随访表明 ,3 44例一年无事件生存率 10 0 % ,再狭窄 9例 (2 .5 % )、2 86例 3年无事件生存率 97% ,再狭窄 3 9例 (13 .6% )、2 2 1例 5年无事件生存率 91%、再狭窄 60例 (2 7.1% )、81例 8年无事件生存率 80 %、再狭窄 3 2例 (3 9.5 % )、42例 10年无事件生存率 69%、再狭窄 2 0例 (4 7.6% )、16例 12年无事件生存率 63 %、再狭窄 9例 (5 6.3 % )。李氏记分 10分组的无事件生存率优于记分 >10组。结论　多数PBMV病人远期疗效良好 ,李氏记分≤ 10分 ,窦性心律、术前心功能较好、术后瓣口面积较大以及双侧交界裂开的患者PBMV远期疗效最佳。     

系统性红斑狼疮继发肺动脉高压35例患者的2年随访结果

目的了解影响系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)继发肺动脉高压(PAH)患者预后的因素,并探讨治疗策略。方法对35例SLE继发PAH患者随访2年,观察生存结果,并采用COX回归法对患者的临床资料进行分析,找出对患者预后有显著意义的影响因子。结果35例SLE继发PAH患者,2年内共有12例患者死亡,病死率为34.3%。最终进入回归方程的变量为初诊时肺动脉收缩压值、应用环磷酰胺冲击治疗和感染3项(P值均<0.05)。结论SLE继发重度PAH患者预后恶劣,合并肺部感染者预后不良,每月规则环磷酰胺冲击治疗对延长患者生存期具有积极意义。     

Clinical and radiographic results of cervical artificial disc arthroplasty: over three years follow-up cohort study

Background Theoretic advantages of cervical disc arthroplasty include preservation of normal motion and biomechanics in the cervical spine, and reduction of adjacent-segment degeneration. The clinical and radiographic effects of cervical disc arthroplasty in short term have been ascertained. The aim of this study is to research the data of mid-term results.Methods In this prospective cohort study, 50 patients who underwent cervical disc arthroplasty from December 2003 to January 2006 were enrolled. There were 39 patients who received 1-level disc arthroplasty, and 11 patients received 2-level disc arthroplasty, with an average age of 50.9 years （range from 29 to 73）. The median follow-up was 41.85months （range from 36.00-55.63 months）. Patients were followed prospectively with respect to their symptoms,neurologic signs, and radiographic results.Results The median value of Japanese Orthopaedic Association （JOA） score was 14.0 before surgery, and 16.5 at the most recent follow-up （P 〈0.01）. The median value of the recovery rate of the JOA score was 92.2%. The preoperative range of motion （ROM） at the indexed level was （10.40±4.97）°, which has significantly correlated with the most recent follow-up ROM which was （8.56±4.76）° （P 〈0.05, r=0.33）. The ROM at the operative level at the most recent follow-upwas greater than the value at the 3-month follow-up of （7.52±3.37）° （P 〈0.05）. The preoperative functional spinal unit （FSU） angulation was （-0.96±6.52）°, which was not significantly correlated with that of the most recent follow-up value of （-2.65±7.95）° （P 〈0.01, r=0.53）. The preoperative endplate angulation was （2.61±4.85）°, which had no significant correlation with that of the most recent follow-up value of （0.71±6.41）° （p 〉0.05）.Conclusions The clinical and radiographic results of cervical disc arthroplasty are good in mid-term follow-up. The normal range of motion of the operated level and the biomechanics in the cervical spine are well preserved.     

Percutaneous cervical disecectomy for treating cervical disc herniation—a report of 12 cases

Summary 12 cases of percutaneous cervical discectomy (PCD) were performed using a set of nucleotome system. 9 patients showed good to excellent results in 12 cases, without any significant complications. The safe space of. percutaneous puncture was suggested, e. g., the space between the carotid vessels and trachea. The procedures of PCD were introduced. The indications and contraindications of PCD and its mechanism, efficacy and prevention of complications were discussed.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术588例体会

目的：总结腹腔镜胆囊切除术的经验。方法：回顾分析我院2004年3月～2007年12月588例腹腔镜胆囊切除手术的临床资料。结果：全组共完成腹腔镜胆囊切除术578例，中转开腹10例，中转率为1．7％，胆管损伤1例，全部病人顺利康复，无手术死亡及其他并发症发生。结论：基层医院开展腹腔镜胆囊切除术应高度重视人员培训，选择适当病例，重视术前、术中、术后每一环节的处理，适时中转开腹，以减少并发症的发生。     

经皮髓核摘除术治疗颈椎间盘突出症（附12例报告）

目的 进一步研究经皮穿刺颈椎间盘髓核摘除术（ＰＣＤ）治疗颈椎间盘突出症（ＣＤＰ）疗效的影响因素。方法 回顾分析ＰＣＤ治疗的ＣＤＰ患者１２例。观察疗效,论证ＰＣＤ机制。结果 穿刺成功率１００％,１１例优良,无并发症。结论 ＰＣＤ安全且对颈椎稳定性无影响。     

Asthma increase among farmers: a 12-year follow-up

Respiratory disease is a well known health hazard for farmers, but the long-term prognosis is less well known. This is a 12-year follow-up of an investigation of Swedish farmers, most of them dairy farmers. A questionnaire was mailed to all 418 farmers who were alive of the farmers originally participating in 1982. They were invited to an interview, spirometry, and blood sampling. Ninety-one per cent (380) of the farmers, 321 men and 59 women, responded to the questionnaire. The mean age was 56 years for the men and 55 years for the women. Of the group, 10% were smokers, 25% ex-smokers, and 65% had never smoked. The population estimate for asthma in the farmers was 8.9% in 1994 compared to 2% in 1982, and to 5.4%–6.6% in the general population in the region in 1982. Of the asthmatic subjects, one-third had positive RAST tests (radioallergosorbent tests). Almost 90% of the new onset asthma cases since 1982 had non-IgE-mediated asthma. Most of the IgE-mediated asthmatics had had symptoms for many years, while 70% of the non-IgE-mediated asthmatic farmers had no or only wheezing with colds 1982. Two new cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis were identified, and 7.3% had experienced inhalation fever during the last 12 years. In general, individuals with asthma and chronic bronchitis who had left farming were in better health in 1994 as compared to 1982. In conclusion, farmers have an enhanced risk to develop asthma increasing with age. Asthma in farmers is often non-IgE-mediated.     

Asthma increase among farmers: a 12-year follow-up

Abstract

Respiratory disease is a well known health hazard for farmers, but the long-term prognosis is less well known. This is a 12-year follow-up of an investigation of Swedish farmers, most of them dairy farmers. A questionnaire was mailed to all 418 farmers who were alive of the farmers originally participating in 1982. They were invited to an interview, spirometry, and blood sampling. Ninety-one per cent (380) of the farmers, 321 men and 59 women, responded to the questionnaire. The mean age was 56 years for the men and 55 years for the women. Of the group, 10% were smokers, 25% ex-smokers, and 65% had never smoked. The population estimate for asthma in the farmers was 8.9% in 1994 compared to 2% in 1982, and to 5.4%–6.6% in the general population in the region in 1982. Of the asthmatic subjects, one-third had positive RAST tests (radioallergosorbent tests). Almost 90% of the new onset asthma cases since 1982 had non-IgE-mediated asthma. Most of the IgE-mediated asthmatics had had symptoms for many years, while 70% of the non-IgE-mediated asthmatic farmers had no or only wheezing with colds 1982. Two new cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis were identified, and 7.3% had experienced inhalation fever during the last 12 years. In general, individuals with asthma and chronic bronchitis who had left farming were in better health in 1994 as compared to 1982. In conclusion, farmers have an enhanced risk to develop asthma increasing with age. Asthma in farmers is often non-IgE-mediated.     

宫颈癌538例预后影响因素分析

目的:探讨宫颈癌预后的影响因素。方法:收集初发初治宫颈癌患者538例。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析生存时间,应用Log-rank法进行组别间生存率差异检验,采用OR值对各因素间进行危险度分析。结果:年龄、临床分期、组织学类型、病理分化程度、肿块大小、淋巴结转移的预后生存指标。宫颈癌患者>35岁的死亡风险为≤35岁的死亡风险的2.36倍。以FIGO I期患者的死亡风险为1,则II期、III期、IV期的死亡风险分别为I期的4倍、6.2倍、11.2倍;以鳞癌的死亡风险为1,则腺癌、其余类型的死亡风险分别为鳞癌的2.4倍、2.5倍;以高分化患者的死亡风险为1,则中、低分化的死亡风险分别为高分化的2.2倍、3.4倍;有淋巴结转移的死亡风险为无淋巴结转移的的8.3倍。结论:年龄、临床分期、组织学类型、病理分化程度、淋巴结转移是宫颈癌的独立预后因素。     

Cervical disc arthroplasty with ProDisc-C artificial disc: 5-year radiographic follow-up results

Background Cervical disc arthroplasty is an alternative surgery to standard cervical decompression and fusion for disc degeneration. Different types of cervical disc prosthesis are used in China. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiographic outcomes of cervical arthroplasty using the ProDisc-C prosthesis.