利用蜂蜡-米糠蜡制备大豆油凝胶油

利用蜂蜡、米糠蜡及其混合物作为凝胶剂,开发大豆油基凝胶油,并将制备的凝胶油与起酥油的物理性质进行比较。通过对2 种添加量下（5%、8%）蜂蜡和米糠蜡（蜂蜡与米糠蜡质量比10∶0、9∶1、8∶2、7∶3、6∶4、5∶5、3∶7、1∶9、0∶10）制备凝胶油的性质测定,结果发现随着米糠蜡比例的增加,凝胶油的硬度（11.9～140.4 g）呈先增加后减小再略有增加的趋势,当蜂蜡与米糠蜡比例为8∶2时,凝胶油的硬度最大,表明蜂蜡和米糠蜡混合后有协同作用;同时析油率采用离心的方法评价,结果发现米糠蜡比例较低（蜂蜡∶米糠蜡＞5∶5）时,凝胶油稳定,析油率为0%,且添加量8%条件下凝胶油的析油率低于普通起酥油。同时固体脂肪曲线、差示扫描量热法结果显示,在10～40 ℃条件下凝胶油的固体脂肪质量分数（8.5%～4%）显著低于起酥油（65%～20%）;融化峰值温度（50.2 ℃）高于起酥油（43.1 ℃）;X射线衍射结果显示8%蜂蜡-米糠蜡（8∶2）凝胶油样品的晶体形态（β’）与起酥油接近,都是细小的结晶。应用发现,蜂蜡与米糠蜡比例为8∶2,添加比例为8%的凝胶油具有较好的烘焙效果,使最终产品的固体脂肪含量大大降低,或许能为消费者拥有更健康的产品提供一条可行途径。     

中/高密度纤维板生产中石蜡乳液代替熔融石蜡的可行性

对中/高密度纤维板生产企业用石蜡乳液代替熔融石蜡所担心的效果问题、可操作性问题以及产品质量的长期稳定性问题,从理论上作了深入分析,并以生产试验证明1kg石蜡乳液代替1kg石蜡,能够实现相同甚至更好的防水效果,为企业在不追加投资的情况下,节省15%～20%的石蜡成本。     

机械蜡印新型蜡材的探究

文章针对传统机械蜡印中工序复杂、污染严重、产品档次低等问题,探讨了热粘性、脱蜡效果及蜡纹效果对蜡印产品质量的影响。探索出能够替代松香的新型蜡材,使得加工工序更简单,节能环保,产品质量也有较大提升。     

TF-W系列消光蜡乳液的制备

通过对TF-W系列消光蜡乳液制备过程的优化实验,探讨了影响蜡乳液稳定性的关键因素.确定了适宜的蜡乳液的制备工艺:分别选择软性蜡和硬性蜡适当调节比例、乳化剂用量为蜡的20%、采用剂在油中法、乳化温度为高于最难熔蜡的熔点的5~10益、搅拌速度先慢后快、加水量为80%、加水方式为先少后多,乳化时间为40 min、选择超细消光粉以高速分散的方式加入、添加有包接作用的助剂和有渗透作用的溶剂.制得的TF-W系列消光蜡乳液具有良好的消光性和稳定性.     

蜡含量法鉴别初榨橄榄油的方法研究

研究了蜡含量法鉴别(特级和中级)初榨橄榄油的方法。采用色谱分离技术,通过柱色谱,洗脱出橄榄油中的蜡组分,再进行气相色谱分析,用内标法测得C40酯至C46酯总的蜡含量。结果表明:该方法C40酯检出限为0.106μg/mL,线性范围为0.001 06～0.106 mg/mL,加标回收率为98.8%～107.1%,试验过程中相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为3.7%和0.8%。该方法具有重复性好,回收率高等特点。通过测定橄榄油中蜡的含量,可用于鉴别(特级和中级)初榨橄榄油。     

黄牛油蜡变色沙发革生产工艺的关键

油蜡变色效应是一类有变色特性的油和蜡施于革面,成革在外力（拉力、顶伸、弯曲、折叠）作用下革面对光的吸收、折射差别表现出颜色深浅不一的效果,外力解除后粒面颜色又自然恢复。油蜡变色革要求革坯粒面紧实、平细,只有达到这种要求变色效果才明显。影响油蜡变色效果的关键就是革坯对油蜡的固定和油蜡的渗透深度。本文主要介绍了松软、有泡沫感的黄牛油蜡变色沙发革的制造技术。     

啤酒酵母菌种的石蜡保藏技术

啤酒酵母菌种用液体石蜡技术保藏具有设备简单、操作方便,成活率高,变异少,优良种性能保持较长时间的优点,实用价值高。本文从液体石蜡保藏菌种的机理、保藏效果、保藏等具体技术操作及其使用方法都作了较为详细的介绍,相信能为啤酒菌种的保藏带来较大的好处。     

Physical, Thermal, and Barrier Characterization of Casein-Wax-Based Edible Films

ABSTRACT: Lactic acid casein-wax-based edible films were prepared to study the effect of carnauba and candelilla waxes. Water and oxygen permeability, thermal properties, and microstructure were determined as a function of relative humidity. Scanning electron microscopy showed a partial phase separation of wax and protein. Water permeability decreased as wax content increased and as relative humidity decreased from 70 to 50%. Despite containing wax, films overall showed low decrease in water permeability. However, films with candelilla wax had lower water permeability values than those with carnauba wax. Films were able to be heat-sealed. There was no difference in oxygen permeability compared to films without wax.     

棕榈蜡的组成和热分解特性分析

实验分析测定了棕榈蜡的基本理化指标、官能团组成和热分解特性等。采用气质联用色谱测定了棕榈蜡的结构组成,结果表明：棕榈蜡中可能含有22 C的蜡和24 C的醇,具体的成分结构还不能确定,还需要进一步研究;用傅立叶红外光谱仪测定棕榈蜡官能团知：棕榈蜡中主要含有C-O、C=O、-OH、-CH3和-CH2等官能团;采用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）测定棕榈蜡的相变温度,熔化温度和最终分解温度知：棕榈蜡的熔化温度为25 ℃~80 ℃、分解温度为80 ℃~375 ℃;根据TG/DSC分析棕榈蜡的热稳定性结果表明：棕榈蜡在150 ℃以下具有良好的热稳定性,150 ℃~300 ℃有68.75%的组分分解气化,剩余31.25%的组分在300 ℃~425 ℃完全分解气化;由DTA分析知,棕榈蜡在258.57 ℃时分解速率最大,332.92 ℃时次之,450 ℃以后,完全分解气化。     

石蜡在开发皮革化学品中的应用

对石蜡在皮革中的应用进行了回顾，指出我国应积极利用石蜡资源相对丰富的优势，开发研制各种性能优异的皮革化学品。     

米糠蜡制备和开发

该文介绍米糠蜡的理化特性,制取原料和制取工艺。     

Characterization of Hazelnut Oil Oleogels Prepared with Sunflower and Carnauba Waxes

In this study, hazelnut oil oleogels prepared with sunflower wax and carnauba wax were analyzed and compared with a commercial shortening. Oil binding capacities of sunflower wax oleogels were higher than 99%, while carnauba wax had a maximum value of 97.6% for 10% addition level. At 3% addition level of carnauba wax, no gel developed. The crystal formation time of sunflower wax was shorter. Although the highest (8.5%) solid fat content was observed in the 10% carnauba wax containing oleogel (HC10) sample, it was 30.4% in the commercial shortening sample at 20°C. The peak melting temperature of commercial shortening was 52.3°C, and among all organogels, sunflower wax oleogel at 3% addition level had the closest value (58.4°C). The melting enthalpies of the oleogels ranged from 4.3 to 20.3 J/g, while it was 10.9 J/g for the commercial shortening sample. The firmness and stickiness values in the oleogel samples were lower than that of commercial shortening sample. On the other hand, there was no significant change of firmness and stickiness during storage, indicating good stability (p ≤ 0.001). Especially the sunflower wax oleogels were very homogenous and smooth in structure. The polarized light microscopy pictures revealed needle-like crystals for sunflower wax and aggregate-like crystals for carnauba wax oleogels. The x-ray diffraction measurements of the crystals showed the β´ types of the polymorphic structures. Furthermore, the oleogels were very stable against oxidation during the storage period. Hazelnut oil organogels prepared with sunflower wax can be good source material for shortening or margarine-like products.     

米糠蜡的组成分析

米糠蜡中脂肪醇碳数分布范围为Ｃ２２—Ｃ３８，偶碳醇约占９５％，并以三十醇含量最高；脂肪酸碳数分布范围为Ｃ１４－Ｃ３６，偶碳酸约占９５％，并以Ｃ２４酸含量最高，约占４０％以上。     

石蜡乳液的乳化工艺及优化

研究用于提高育果袋纸抗水性能的石蜡乳液的乳化工艺,并对其进行了优化。最佳的乳化工艺为:乳化温度85～90℃,乳化时间30～40min,搅拌速度600～800r·min-1;优化配方为:石蜡100份,硬脂酸31份,硼砂9份以及纯碱2份。     

Comparative Analysis of Olive Oil Organogels Containing Beeswax and Sunflower Wax with Breakfast Margarine

The purpose of this research was to develop olive oil organogels with sunflower wax (SW) and beeswax (BW) at 3%, 7%, and 10% addition levels and to compare these organogels with breakfast margarine (BM). The organogels and BM sample were stored at 2 different temperatures (4 and 20 °C), and the peroxide values (PVs) and textural properties were monitored for 3 mo. The PVs of all organogels were within legal limits and the gels were structurally stable throughout the storage period. The textural properties of 3% SW and 7% BW organogels were closely similar to BM. The solid fat contents of the organogels were lower than that of the BM. Moreover, the thermal properties of 3% BW gel were more similar to that of the BM. The results of X‐ray diffraction peaks, approximately 3.70 and 4.10 Å, were similar to β′ polymorphic form. In conclusion, both of the organogel types may have value in replacing BMs.     

阳离子蜡乳液的研究

本文简要叙述了使用多种天然蜡、合成蜡、非离子表面活性剂、阳离子助剂等原料,采用乳化剂添加法和ＨＬＢ—温度乳化法相结合的方法制取阳离子蜡乳液,对该蜡液用于整饰底涂做了详细的论述,该蜡液对皮革轻微伤残有特殊遮盖效果以及用阳—阴结合的“三明治”涂饰方法成革可体现出特殊的飘逸手感效果。     

提高蜡印布印制质量的探讨

文章对蜡印布生产中所涉及的多种印制工艺进行了研究分析,通过实验及多年的生产经验确定了提高蜡印质量的工艺方法。     

莲雾花色苷提取工艺

以莲雾花为原材料,采用超声波辅助果胶酶法对莲雾花色苷提取工艺进行研究。确定超声波辅助果胶酶法提取莲雾花色苷工艺最佳条件,即:果胶酶浓度4.5 mg/g、pH 2.8、超声波时间30 min、超声波功率300 W。试验发现,在4~50℃环境下莲雾花色苷比较稳定。     

米糠蜡精制的研究

以米糠油加工的副产物米糠蜡为原料，经磷酸水化脱胶，乙酸乙酯萃取脱油及Ｈ２Ｏ２－ＮａＣｌＯ两步脱色处理，得到纯度为９６．４％，色度为１６．８的精制糠蜡产品。