介入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的介入治疗。方法21例TRAS患者从肾移植到出现肾动脉狭窄症状平均6．6个月(3～15个月)，记录经皮血管成形术(PTA)前后血压变化和肌酐水平。经对侧股动脉或左肱动脉入路，使用普通球囊导管(5F，直径4～6mm，长度20～30mm)和微球囊导管(2．6F，直径3mm，长度36mm)分别对21例TRAS行PTA术，其中5例放置支架。结果21例TRAS患者共行32次PTA(行1次PTA13例，2次5例，3次3例)，其中22次经对侧股动脉，10次经左肱动脉穿刺插管。PTA治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为79％～97％，PTA后狭窄率降为10％～30％。PTA前收缩压150～210mmHg(1mmHg=0．133kPa)，平均170mmHg，舒张压90～145mmHg，平均120mmHg；PTA后收缩压降为100～190mmHg，平均135mmHg，舒张压降为80～125mmHg，平均85mmHg。首次PTA后再狭窄率38％，再次PTA后狭窄率14％。32次PTA共使用普通球囊导管25个，微球囊导管7个。5个支架4个为自膨式支架，1个为球囊扩张式。术后随访3～60个月(平均23个月)。21例中最终治愈6例，改善8例，好转5例，无效2例。除1例肱动脉入路发生术后穿刺点血肿外无其他并发症。结论TRAS的PTA治疗安全有效，配合肱动脉入路和微球囊导管有助于提高手术成功率；合理选用支架能降低再狭窄率。     

移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的介入治疗。方法35例TRAS患者从肾移植到出现肾动脉狭窄症状平均6.9个月(3～18个月),记录经皮血管成形术(PTA)前后血压变化和血肌酐水平。经对侧股动脉或左肱动脉入路,使用普通球囊导管(5F,直径4～6mm,长度20～30mm)和微球囊导管(2.6F,直径3mm,长度36mm)分别对35例TRAS行PTA术,其中11例放置支架。结果35例TRAS患者共行46次PTA(行1次PTA20例,2次12例,3次3例),其中26次经对侧股动脉,20次经左肱动脉穿刺插管。PTA治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为75%～98%,PTA后狭窄率降为10%～30%。PTA前收缩压150～210mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),平均170mmHg,舒张压90～145mmHg,平均120mmHg;PTA后收缩压降为100～190mmHS,平均135mmHg,舒张压降为80～125mmHg,平均85mmHg。首次PTA后再狭窄率39%,再次PTA后狭窄率15%。46次PTA共使用普通球囊导管26个,微球囊导管20个。11枚支架8枚为自膨式支架,3枚为球囊扩张式。术后随访3～60个月(平均23个月)。35例中最终治愈11例,改善15例,好转7例,无效2例。除1例肱动脉入路发生术后穿刺点血肿外无其他并发症。结论TRAS的PTA治疗安全有效,配合肱动脉入路和微球囊导管有助于提高手术成功率;合理选用支架能降低再狭窄率。     

肾移植后动脉狭窄的诊断与介入治疗

肾移植后常见的血管并发症有移植肾动脉狭窄等。1．6％－16％的肾移植病人有血管并发症，其中动脉的并发症占80％以上，移植后肾动脉狭窄（TRAS）的发生率为4％－25％。造成TRAS的原因在急性期可能与移植技术的相关性较大，而慢性期则与排异反应相关性大。经超声提示的血管造影是诊断TRAS的金标准，使用MRA及CTA进行TRAS的诊断在将来会有很广阔的前景。TRAS的治疗应首选血管成形术，TRAS的病人用血管成形术治疗的成功率为69％－94％，其并发症同于其它PTA术。     

经皮血管腔内成形术及支架治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的临床研究

目的 评价经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)及支架置入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的效果.方法 对经造影确诊的13例移植肾动脉狭窄患者行FTA和/或支架置入治疗.分析手术的成功率,治疗前后的动脉血压、肌酐水平等参数.采用t检验用于比较治疗前后的参数.结果13例中4例行单纯球囊扩张术,8例扩张效果不佳者同期行支架置人术,1例治疗未成功,PTA/支架置入术的成功率为92.3％.随访6～24个月(中位时间为12个月),9例复查示血管内血流通畅.2例单纯球囊扩张分别于术后1和3个月(平均时间2个月)后再狭窄,再次行支架置入术后保持通畅.1例支架闭塞于术后1个月.术前平均肌酐水平为(2.9±1.5) mg/dL,术后1个月下降至(2.0±1.4) mg/dL(P =0.0098 ＜0.01).收缩压从术前的(157.2 ±18.7) mmHg下降至术后1个月的(136.6±14.2) mm-Hg(P =0.0029 ＜0.01),舒张压由(89.4±9.3) mmHg下降至(73±9.5) mmHg(P=0.0065 ＜0.01).结论 PTA及支架置入术是治疗移植肾动脉狭窄安全和有效的方法.     

可膨胀性金属支架在移植肾的肾动脉狭窄中的应用

排斥性移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的处理存在许多难题,尽管可采用多次经皮穿刺气囊血管成形术(PTA)后进行治疗,但如果严重狭窄复发时.目前尚无关于最佳处理方法的一致意见.本文介绍作者给4名排斥性TRAS患者放置血管支架的早期经验.其     

移植肾动脉狭窄介入治疗

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)介入治疗的方法、疗效和安全性。方法经股动脉入路对12例TRAS患者行介入治疗,包括经皮血管腔内成形术(PTA)和支架置入术。患者从肾移植术后至出现肾动脉狭窄症状平均5.5个月(4～15个月),以手术前后血压、血肌酐、动脉狭窄程度作为判断疗效的指标。结果本组4例行单纯球囊(长20～40mm,直径5～7mm)扩张,5例于PTA后置入支架,3例直接置入支架。PTA术后2例(17%)复发狭窄,行支架置入术;支架术后3例再发狭窄,再次行PTA后无复发。12例患者先后共置入9枚球囊扩张式支架,1枚为自膨式支架。介入治疗前肾动脉狭窄率为65%～95%,术后狭窄率降为10%～25%;平均血压由术前175/105mmHg,降至术后140/80mmHg;平均血肌酐水平由术前475.5μmol/L降至术后118.5μmol/L;术后随访3～48个月(平均9个月),12例中最终治愈4例,改善5例,好转2例,无效1例。手术成功率100%,术中未发生血栓、出血、移植肾栓塞等严重并发症。结论TRAS的介入治疗安全有效,选择恰当入路,合理选择和组合运用PTA与支架置入术,可有效提高TRAS的远期疗效和手术成功率。     

介入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄的疗效观察

目的　评价介入治疗移植肾动脉狭窄 (TRAS)的疗效。资料与方法　 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 11月 ,采用经皮血管内成形术 (PTA)和 /或内支架治疗 2 0例TRAS患者 ,其中PTA治疗 14例次 ,内支架治疗 9例次。对治疗前后的血压、降压药物和血肌酐进行随访。结果　采用PTA治疗者 ,收缩压、舒张压、降压药物和血肌酐由术前的(15 7± 17)mmHg、(97± 7)mmHg、(1.5± 1.0 )种、(5 12± 2 96 ) μmol/L ,术后 1周降为 (137± 11)mmHg(P <0 .0 5 )、(86± 7)mmHg(P <0 .0 1)、(0 .9± 1.0 )种 (P >0 .0 5 )、(2 76± 2 2 6 ) μmol/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ,术后 6个月降为 (12 8±10 )mmHg(P <0 .0 1)、(83± 7)mmHg(P <0 .0 1)、(0 .8± 0 .9)种 (P >0 .0 5 )、(14 5± 5 5 ) μmol/L(P <0 .0 1)。采用内支架治疗者 ,收缩压、舒张压、降压药物和血肌酐由术前的 (15 4± 31)mmHg、(93± 12 )mmHg、(1.6± 1.0 )种、(338±14 2 ) μmol/L ,术后 1周降为 (134± 17)mmHg(P >0 .0 5 )、(82± 7)mmHg(P <0 .0 5 )、(0 .8± 1.0 )种 (P >0 .0 5 )、(197±76 ) μmol/L(P <0 .0 5 ) ,术后 6个月为 (132± 9)mmHg(P >0 .0 5 )、(83± 4 )mmHg(P <0 .0 5 )、(0 .5± 0 .8)种 (P >0 .0 5 )、(2 0 4± 16 9) μmol/L(P <0 .0 5 )。总     

肾移植后动脉狭窄的诊断与介入治疗

肾移植后常见的血管并发症有移植肾动脉狭窄等.1.6%～16%的肾移植病人有血管并发症,其中动脉的并发症占80%以上,移植后肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的发生率为4%～25%.造成TRAS的原因在急性期可能与移植技术的相关性较大,而慢性期则与排异反应相关性大.经超声提示的血管造影是诊断TRAS的金标准,使用MRA及CTA进行TRAS的诊断在将来会有很广阔的前景.TRAS的治疗应首选血管成形术,TRAS的病人用血管成形术治疗的成功率是69%～94%,其并发症同于其它PTA术.     

可扩张的金属支架在治疗移植的肾动脉狭窄中的应用

移植肾的肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)不仅是引起顽固性高血压的主要原因,也是引起同种移植肾的功能紊乱和衰竭的原因。多组研究证明经皮穿刺球囊扩张术(PTA)是治疗TRAS的首选方法,但10％～25％常在6个月内发生再狭窄。而可扩张的金属支架是对PTA方法的补充和完善。 作者报道4例放置血管支架治疗TRAS的初步经验。男3例,女1例,年龄19岁～47岁。4例均接受尸肾移植,采用髂外动脉端侧吻合方式。其TRAS的早期表现为移植肾功能损害和/或高血压。利用常规     

移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的探讨移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的介入治疗方法. 资料与方法采用经皮血管内成形术(PTA)和/或内支架治疗20例TRAS患者,对其技术成功率、再狭窄率以及狭窄类型对介入治疗的影响进行分析. 结果 (1)PTA和内支架治疗TRAS的技术成功率分别为71.4%、100%,再狭窄率分别为20%、22.2%.(2)Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型狭窄介入治疗的技术成功率分别为92.9%、85.7%,0,再狭窄率分别为23.1%、16.7%. 结论 (1)Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型狭窄为介入治疗的良好适应证.(2)PTA依然为TRAS的首选方法,内支架为其辅助手段.     

移植肾动脉狭窄的介入治疗

目的研究移植肾动脉狭窄(TRAS)的临床特点及介入治疗的疗效。方法回顾性分析TRAS患者的临床资料,排除临床资料不完整者,分析总结其临床特点、诊断方法及介入治疗的疗效。结果共搜集病例31例,行介入手术35次。6例行单纯球囊扩张(PTA),24例行支架置入,1例手术失败。术后肾动脉狭窄程度、肾功能及血压明显改善,围手术期未发生严重并发症;平均随访29.6个月,PTA术后2例(33.3%)复发狭窄,行支架置入术无复发;支架术后3例(12.5%)再发狭窄,2例成功行PTA术后无复发。结论肾移植术后密切超声随访有利于早期诊断TRAS,介入治疗TRAS安全、有效且应被视为一线治疗方法。     

Transplant renal artery stenosis: outcome after percutaneous intervention

PURPOSE: To assess the outcome of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent placement as the primary treatment for transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review of PTA and stent placement procedures performed for TRAS from April 1997 to July 2003 was conducted. Reviewed parameters included technical success, date of transplantation, dates of percutaneous intervention, mean arterial blood pressure, number of blood pressure medications, and serum creatinine level before and after intervention. Twenty-one interventions were performed in 18 allografts. The primary clinical indication for imaging and treatment was increased creatinine level in 12 allografts and hypertension in six allografts. Patency rates were estimated with use of the Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: The technical success rate of PTA/stent placement was 100% and the clinical success rate was 94% (17 of 18 allografts). Thirteen interventions involved PTA alone, with eight combined PTA and stent insertions. The mean preintervention serum creatinine level among 12 allografts presenting with elevated creatinine levels was 2.8 mg/dL +/- 1.4 (SD), compared with a 1-month postintervention mean of 2.2 mg/dL +/- 0.7 (P = .03). Of six allografts that presented with hypertension, significant improvement was seen between the preintervention and 1-month postintervention mean systolic (174 mm Hg vs 135 mm Hg, P = .003) and diastolic (99 mm Hg vs 82 mm Hg, P = .02) pressures. These patients required a mean of 2.3 medications for blood pressure control before intervention, compared with a mean of 1.0 medications at 1 month after intervention (P = .002). Primary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months (+/-95% CI) were 94% +/- 6%, 72% +/- 12%, and 72% +/- 12%, respectively. Secondary patency rates at 3, 6, and 12 months (+/-95 CI) were 100%, 85% +/- 10%, and 85% +/- 10%, respectively. Mean follow-up time was 27 months. Of the eight allografts that underwent stent placement, all eight remained patent at last follow-up (mean, 18.3 months +/- 9.2). One major complication of a puncture site pseudoaneurysm occurred (5%). CONCLUSION: Primary treatment of TRAS with PTA with or without stent placement has good intermediate-term patency and is associated with significant early improvement in blood pressure and creatinine level.     

肾动脉支架成形术对血压、肾功能影响及其临床应用价值

目的：探讨肾动脉支架成形术对患者血压、肾功能的影响及其应用价值。方法140例动脉硬化性肾动脉狭窄行肾动脉支架成形术患者,其中男85例（60．7％）,女55例（39．3％）。年龄47～86岁,平均（67．4±9．82）岁。共施行了152条肾动脉支架置入,12例为双侧肾动脉分期介入治疗。分析手术并发症,随访患者的血压变化、服用降压药物种类及血肌酐、尿素氮变化,超声观察支架通畅情况。结果手术成功率100％。围术期并发症：肾周血肿5例（3．3％）;穿刺部位血肿5例（3．3％）;术后上消化道出血2例（1．3％）。围术期死亡1例（0．6％）。随访时间24个月,高血压患者服用降压药种类从术前平均（2．9±1．2）种下降至（1．9±1．3）种（P＜0．05）。总体上,高血压治愈0例,改善108例（77．1％）,无效32例（22．9％）。介入手术后患者血压有所改善[术前收缩压（150．04±16．69） mmHg,术后（137．05±12．58） mmHg,P＜0．001;术前舒张压（81．69±12．02）mmHg,术后（79．29±8．71）mmHg,P＜0．05];133例术前肾功能正常患者术后血清肌酐尿素氮检测低于术前水平[术前血肌酐（91．63±38．06）μmol/L,术后（87．69±40．31）μmol/L,P＜0．001;术前尿素氮（5．97±1．80） mmol/L,术后（5．63±1．83） mmol/L,P＜0．05];7例术前肾功能不全患者介入治疗后肌酐尿素氮水平无明显改善。结论肾动脉支架成形术可以使肾动脉狭窄合并高血压患者的血压得以减轻或易于控制,同时有利于维持肾功能正常。     

经皮血管成形术治疗血液透析动静脉内瘘狭窄或闭塞

目的:探讨经皮血管成形术(PTA)治疗血液透析患者动静脉内瘘狭窄和闭塞的临床效果。方法:对16例动静脉内瘘狭窄和闭塞的血液透析患者行PTA治疗,比较PTA治疗前后的血管造影表现、透析时血流量及静脉压的变化情况。结果:术后血管造影显示狭窄和闭塞的血管扩张、再通,触诊感血管震颤增强。术后第2天透析时血流量升高至200ml/min以上,可完成透析,在血流量为250ml/min时静脉压下降为(110.62±15.71)mmHg;其中2例分别在术后3个月和6个月发生再狭窄,再次行PTA后血流量恢复。所有患者均未出现血管破裂、出血、血栓形成等并发症。结论:PTA是治疗动静脉内瘘狭窄和闭塞的有效、安全、微创的方法,可选择适宜的患者采用。     

Intraarterial pressure gradients after randomized angioplasty or stenting of iliac artery lesions

Purpose To determine initial technical results of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and stent procedures in the iliac artery, mean intraarterial pressure gradients were recorded before and after each procedure. Methods We randomly assigned 213 patients with typical intermittent claudication to primary stent placement (n=107) or primary PTA (n=106), with subsequent stenting in the case of a residual mean pressure gradient of >10 mmHg (n=45). Eligibility criteria included angiographic iliac artery stenosis (>50% diameter reduction) and/or a peak systolic velocity ratio >2.5 on duplex examination. Mean intraarterial pressures were simultaneously recorded above and below the lesion, at rest and also durign vasodilatation in the case of a resting gradient ≤10 mmHg. Results Pressure gradients in the primary stent group were 14.9±10.4 mmHg before and 2.9±3.5 mmHg after stenting. Pressure gradients in the primary PTA group were 17.3±11.3 mmHg pre-PTA, 4.2±5.4 mmHg post-PTA, and 2.5±2.8 mmHg after selective stenting. Compared with primary stent placement, PTA plus selective stent placement avoided application of a stent in 63% (86/137) of cases, resulting in a considerable cost saving. Conclusion Technical results of primary stenting and PTA plus selective stenting are similar in terms of residual pressure gradients.     

应用血管内支架治疗肾移植后肾动脉狭窄

目的：探讨肾移植后肾动脉狭窄应用血管内支架治疗的方法和疗效。方法：5例肾移植术后肾动脉狭窄的病人，经股动脉或腋动脉入路行狭窄肾动脉的球囊扩张加支架置入。结果：5例行球囊扩张并同时置入血管内支架的病人治疗后血压恢复正常，肾功能正常。经近5年的随访，1例病人术后9个月出现移植肾动脉再狭窄，给予球囊扩张，血流基本恢复，血压正常。结论：球囊扩张并血管内支架置入术仍然是移植肾动脉狭窄的安全有效的治疗方法之一,术后再狭窄的预防需要进一步探讨。     

肝移植术后肝静脉和下腔静脉梗阻的诊断及介入治疗

目的 探讨肝移植术后肝静脉、下腔静脉梗阻的诊断及介入治疗技术.方法 在831例原位肝移植(OLT)、26例活体肝移植(LDLT)患者中,共有11例在移植术后2～111 d经血管造影证实为肝静脉、下腔静脉梗阻并进行了介入治疗.其中肝静脉吻合口狭窄或闭塞5例、下腔静脉吻合口狭窄5例、肝静脉狭窄伴下腔静脉吻合口狭窄1例.11例中,5例为成人OLT、4例为LDLT、2例为儿童减体积OLT,介入治疗前9例接受了肝脏CT、2例接受了MR增强扫描.术后随访患者肝肾功能指标、临床症状及肝静脉、下腔静脉血流状况.对11例患者的影像资料、介入治疗技术要点和治疗效果进行回顾性分析.介入治疗前后梗阻两端静脉压力差比较,采用配对t检验.结果 11例患者,CT或MR检查均可明确显示肝脏淤血范围、肝静脉或下腔静脉梗阻部位及程度;其中4例肝静脉梗阻和5例下腔静脉梗阻者行支架植入治疗,1例肝静脉梗阻者行经皮腔内血管球囊扩张术(PTA),1例肝静脉伴下腔静脉梗阻者,行肝静脉PTA和下腔静脉支架植入,介入治疗手术均成功.术后检测梗阻两端静脉压力差为(2.9±1.7)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),较术前(16.5±4.1)mm Hg明显下降(t=11.5,P＜0.01).术后10例患者临床症状改善,肝肾功能恢复;1例肝功能恶化,于术后第9天死于多器官功能衰竭.患者术后随访9～672 d,2例肝静脉PTA治疗者术后1个月内发生血管再狭窄,支架植入治疗者未发生再狭窄,无严重并发症发生.结论 支架植入是治疗肝移植术后肝静脉和下腔静脉梗阻安全、有效的方法;术前CT或MR对明确肝淤血范围及静脉梗阻具有重要价值.     

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for transplant renal artery stenosis.

A recent report has challenged the efficacy and safety of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for the treatment of transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS). From January 1983 to December 1990, 24 PTA procedures were performed for TRAS in 18 patients. The stenoses were anastomotic in two cases, in the main renal artery in 14, and segmental in eight. After PTA, the residual stenosis was less than 20% in 14 (58%), 20%-50% in four (17%), and greater than 50% in six (25%). The mean diastolic blood pressure decreased from 106 mm Hg 1 day prior to PTA to 82 mm Hg 1 day after PTA. Long-term follow-up mean diastolic blood pressure (at 2-32 months) was 93 mm Hg (P less than .01). Eleven of the 18 patients (63%) had a 10% or greater reduction in diastolic blood pressure on long-term follow-up. Major complications occurred in two patients; one groin hematoma required surgical evacuation, and one polar infarct led to hypertension that was difficult to control. No surgical revisions of the transplant renal artery were necessary. The authors' data indicate that PTA should remain the treatment of choice for nonanastomotic TRAS.     

Comparison of SMART stent placement for arteriovenous graft salvage versus successful graft PTA

PURPOSE: To compare the SMART (shape memory alloy recoverable technology) stent with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) alone in hemodialysis access venous stenoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective, nonrandomized study was undertaken in 60 patients with dysfunctional polytetrafluoroethylene dialysis grafts. Indications for stent placement were acute PTA failure, rapid restenosis, and vessel perforation. The primary endpoint was improved graft patency in patients treated with stents compared with that in patients whose disease responded to PTA alone. The secondary endpoints were lower postprocedural midgraft pressures and similar complication rates compared with PTA alone. RESULTS: The key venous stenosis was at the graft-to-vein anastomosis in all but two patients. Thirty-five patients showed a response to PTA alone. Sixteen patients received stents for stenoses greater than 30% after angioplasty, six for rapidly recurrent stenosis, and three for venous rupture. Nine patients received stents across the level of the elbow joint. Stenosis after intervention was significantly less frequent in the stent group (7% vs 16%; P = .001), but the midgraft systolic pressure ratios did not significantly differ. The clinical success rates were 100% after stent implantation and 97% after PTA alone. Except for venous rupture, there were no procedure-related complications, and, excluding early graft thrombosis, there were no complications at 30 days. A single stent fracture was found on follow-up. The mean primary graft patency times were 5.6 months after PTA and 8.2 months after stent treatment (P = .050). When stents were placed across the level of the elbow joint, the mean primary graft patency time was 8.9 months. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the SMART stent is safe and effective for the treatment of residual or rapidly recurrent dialysis access venous stenoses and is associated with better patency than PTA alone.     

经皮肝胆管穿刺金属内支架植入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸

目的：探讨经皮肝胆管穿刺金属内支架植入治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸临床应用价值。方法：108例患者中的9r7例均采用X线透视下经皮肝穿刺胆道内支架植入术治疗恶性梗阻性黄疸。根据梗阻部位的不同解剖决定放置支架的方式。结果：108例患者中,90例植入单支支架于肝总管或（和）胆总管,7例植入2支以上支架于总管和分支胆管,11例行外引流。全部患者2周内血清胆红素从（436±314）mol／L降低到（53±31）mol／L。结论：经皮肝穿刺内支架植入是治疗恶性胆道梗阻性的有效方法。