二醋酸纤维素接枝聚己内酯的制备及性能研究

以二醋酸纤维素（CDA）为接枝骨架，己内酯（ε-CL）为接枝单体，制备了二醋酸纤维素／聚己内酯接枝共聚物（CDA-g-PCL），研究了不同原料比对产物结构和性能的影响，利用IR、WAXD、DSC对共聚物进行了表征。对CDA-g-PCL接枝共聚物膜进行了生物降解性能的研究，结果显示，共聚物可发生降解；且无定形产物降解性能优于部分结晶产物。     

可生物降解淀粉/PCL共混物性能研究

本文研究了土豆淀粉与聚己内酯(PCL)共混型可完全生物降解材料的性能,结果表明:改性淀粉共混体系的力学性能比未改性者有显著提高。吸水性试验表明,共混体系的吸水率随PCL用量的增加而降低,偶联剂改性共混物的吸水率也有所下降。土埋生物降解试验表明,共混体系有着良好的生物降解性能。同时还考察其在活性污泥中的降解性。红外光谱测试显示,共混体系具有较好相容性和降解性能。     

新型两亲性生物降解接枝共聚物的性能

对新型的两亲性生物降解接枝共聚物羟丙基纤维素接枝聚己内酯(HPC-g-PCL)的综合性能进行了测试。X射线衍射结果表明,接枝共聚有效地降低了PCL的结晶度,且随着PCL链段含量的降低,接枝共聚物的结晶度相应下降。DSC结果表明,与PCL均聚物相比,所得接枝共聚物的Tm、Tc和Xc均明显降低,且随着PCL链段含量的降低而不断下降;同时,与先熔融后冷却相比,室温下的共聚物溶液浇注膜,其结晶程度更完善。水解降解实验结合GPC曲线和SEM照片结果表明,与均聚物PCL相比,接枝共聚物更易发生降解。     

反应性共混中原位接枝及嵌段共聚物的界面拔出

在最新实验结果的基础上论述了一种在聚合物反应性共混过程中的相态控制新方法－－共聚物分子的界面拔出。通过选择组分高聚物的种类和调节反应性高分子共混物两相相对组成，可控制在两相界面上原位生成共聚物分子的构造，从而可系统分析分子构造与界面提出之间的关系；通过改变熔融共混剪切速率或共混物的熔体粘度，评述了外界流场的作用强度对共聚物分子的界面提出的影响。     

PHB与PCL,PECL可生物降解高分子共混体系的研究

本文讨论了聚β－羟基丁酸酯／聚ε－己内酯（ＰＨＢ／ＰＣＬ）、聚β－羟基丁酸酯／聚ε－己内酯－聚乙二醇嵌段共聚物（ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＣＬ）共混体系的相容性、结晶性、形态结构及断裂表面形貌。ＰＨＢ／ＰＣＬ体系是不相容的，ＰＨＢ、ＰＣＬ的结晶度随共混组成而改变。ＳＥＭ结果表明，ＰＨＢ／ＰＣＬ共混膜断裂表面呈韧性断裂特征，ＰＨＢ的脆性得到改善，ＰＨＢ／ＰＥＣＬ，共混体系的相容性有所改善。     

聚羟基烷酸酯与聚丙烯酸丁酯复合材料的相容性及生物降解性能研究

研究了用液相和固相反应性共混使聚丙烯酸丁酯（PBA）与羟基丁酸－戊酸共聚物（PHBV）复合后，其接枝率和均聚物含量对复合物相容性，结晶性和生物降解性的影响，比较了不同试样在土壤中降解后的重量损失和形貌变化，结果表明PBA的接枝不利于PHBV的结晶和生物降解性，当PHBV／PBA含量比为60／40时，接枝率下降和均聚物含量增加到20．4％，导致复合物两相明显不溶，土壤中降解后重量损失大大下降，而且微生物对PHBV／PBA的侵蚀仅仅发生在表面PHBV相中。     

PLGA/PCL复合材料的制备及其性能研究

在聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)中加入聚ε-己内酯(PCL)、柠檬酸三丁酯(TBC),通过溶液共混制备了PLGA/PCL共混聚合物,通过静电纺膜及涂膜法制备了不同比表面积的降解膜,并对共混材料力学性能和膜的降解性能进行了研究。结果表明:柠檬酸三丁酯作为增容剂对整个共混聚合物的韧性和强度有明显的影响;当聚乳酸-羟基乙酸和聚ε-己内酯的质量比为80/20、增容剂柠檬酸三丁酯的用量为6%时,所得共混聚合物的断裂伸长率达到130%、冲击强度达到9.55kJ·m-2。相同条件下加入聚ε-己内酯(PCL)的膜的降解性能优于单一的聚乳酸-羟基乙酸(PLGA)膜,静电纺丝膜降解性能优于流延法膜。     

PVC/ABS共混物的热稳定性

通过熔融共混的方法制备了不同配比的聚氯乙烯(PVC)/丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)共混物,采用热失重法和刚果红试纸法对共混物的热稳定性进行了研究。热失重分析发现,共混物第一阶段失重的起始失重温度T01和最大失重速率时温度T1m都随着ABS接枝共聚物含量的增加向低温方向移动,ABS的加入促进了PVC的降解;刚果红试纸法分析发现PVC/ABS共混物的静态热稳定时间比PVC的长;透射电镜观察发现ABS接枝共聚物的加入改善了PVC的加工流动性,提高了稳定剂的分散性和效率,这是共混物稳定时间变长的主要原因。     

高聚物负载双金属催化剂催化二氧化碳-环氧丙烷-己内酯的三元共聚反应

以高聚物负载型双金属阴离子配位化合物PBM为催化剂,合成了二氧化碳-环氧丙烷-己内酯三元共聚物(PPCL)。用FT-IR1、H-NM R、13C-NM R、DSC和W AXD等对PPCL进行了表征,并考察了反应单体比例对共聚物性能的影响。结果表明,ε-己内酯单元的引入,有效地提高了聚合物的特性黏数和玻璃化转变温度。随着ε-己内酯单元摩尔分数的增加,共聚物的体外降解速度加快。     

基于6-氨基己酸可降解P(AC/AAE)的合成与表征

以6-氨基己酸(6-AC)、己二酸(AA)和乙二醇(EG)为原料,采用熔融缩聚法合成了可生物降解聚酯酰胺(PEAs),对处理提纯后的共聚物用红外光谱进行了结构表征;利用差示扫描量热法表征了共聚物的熔融过程和结晶过程,并研究了产物的吸水性和水解降解行为。结果表明,红外光谱图中共聚物中酯键吸收峰的强度随着酯含量的增加而增强;聚合物的熔点(Tm)、熔融焓(ΔHm)和结晶温度(Tc)、结晶焓(ΔHc)随着酯含量的增加而明显降低。共聚物的组成对吸水率影响不大,其降解速率随酯含量的增加而加快;共聚物在酸性溶液中降解速率最快,在碱性溶液中降解速率次之,在近于中性溶液中降解速率最慢。     

The effect of crystalline morphology of poly (butylene terephthalate) phases on toughening of poly(butylene terephthalate)/epoxy blends

In an effort to investigate the effect of the crystalline morphology of a poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) phase on the toughening of PBT/epoxy blends, the blends, having different degrees of perfectness of the PBT crystalline phase, were prepared by blending PBT and epoxy at various temperatures ranging from 200 to 240 °C. As the blending temperature decreases, the degree of perfectness of the PBT crystalline phase increases as a result of the increase of crystal growth rate. For PBT/epoxy blends, the change in crystalline morphology induced by processing may be the most important cause for the dependency of the fracture energy on blending temperatures. It has been found that PBT phases with a well-developed Maltese cross are most effective for epoxy toughening. This dependency reveals the occurrence of a phase transformation toughening mechanism. Also, the higher relative enhancement of fracture energy of a higher molecular weight epoxy system is further indirect evidence for a phase transformation toughening mechanism. Some other toughening mechanisms observed from the fracture surfaces, such as crack bifurcation, crack bridging, and ductile fracture of PBT phases, have been found to also be affected by the blending temperatures.     

生物可降解脂肪族聚酯在陕西土壤中的降解行为

以西安当地土壤及西安某污水处理厂的活性污泥为降解介质,对生物可降解聚酯聚乳酸(PLA)、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯(PBS)和聚己内酯(PCL)的降解性能进行了研究,并对它们的降解机理进行了初步探讨。根据偏光显微镜和扫描电镜的观察表明,降解后的聚酯膜表面均有明显被侵蚀的痕迹;在陕西当地土壤中,PCL的降解速度最快,PLA次之,PBS最慢。红外光谱表征了这三种聚合物降解前后的化学结构。     

Effect of oxygen plasma asher on poly(methylphenylsiloxane)-polyimide blends

Variable concentrations of low molecular weight poly(methylphenylsiloxane) were added to polyimide at its precursor poly(amic acid) stage to produce blends of different compositions. Ultimately cured poly(methylphenylsiloxane)/polyimide blends (PMSI) were exposed to radio frequency oxygen plasma. The stability of the blends to the oxygen plasma was assessed by monitoring the weight loss of the films as a function of exposure time. After 24 h exposure blends exhibited weight losses that were much lower than neat polyimide. The effect of oxygen plasma on polyimide and its blends has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and changes in surface chemistry of the exposed films were subsequently examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The mechanical properties of oxygen plasma exposed and unexposed neat polyimide and its blends have been evaluated.     

聚氯乙烯／聚丙撑碳酸酯共混相容性研究

分别用溶液法和熔融法制得聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）与聚丙碳酸酯（ＰＰＣ）共混试样，用ＤＳＣ证明ＰＶＣ／ＰＰＣ不相容，但它们不相容的程度受分子量、共混比例及共混方法等因素的影响，并根据玻璃化转变温度计算出溶液２共混试样ＰＰＣ富相中ＰＶＣ的质量百分含量。用ＤＭＡ说明了ＮＢＲ／ＰＰＣ对ＰＶＣ／ＰＰＣ共混体系具有良好的增容作用，共混体系中ＰＰＣ的用量对共混体系相容性有一定程度的影响，加入适量的ＰＰＣ可提高共混试样     

不同共混方式下非对称嵌段共聚物PS-b-PMMA对PCHMA/PMMA体系增容效果的研究:界面与胶束的竞争

采用熔融共混方式,利用非对称两嵌段共聚物聚苯乙烯-b-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PS-b-PMMA)对聚甲基丙烯酸环己酯(PCHMA)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)共混体系进行增容。重点研究了嵌段比、共混方式以及分散相PMMA分子量对共混体系中非对称嵌段共聚物分布的影响,即嵌段共聚物稳定相界面与所形成胶束数量、位置之间的竞争关系。结果表明,在低分子量PMMA情况下共混方式对非对称嵌段共聚物的分布影响显著,改变共混方式可以有效减少分散相中的胶束数量,使嵌段共聚物主要分布在二元不相容增容体系两相界面。另一方面,增大PMMA分子量会改变非对称嵌段共聚物在两相界面的界面曲率,导致其在分散相中的溶解性增大,在界面上的稳定性减小,从而迁移至分散相内部并最终形成胶束。     

Studies on poly (hydroxy alkanoates)/(ethylcellulose) blends

Biodegradable polymers represent one of the most significant area of research today. Among these polymers, poly (β-hydroxy butyrate co β′-hydroxy valerate) i.e. PHBV have received special attention because of their unique combination of properties. They are perfectly biocompatible, biodegradable polymers and can be processed by any conventional technique. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop the biodegradable blends of PHBV by blending them with ethyl cellulose (EC). Ethyl cellulose has been selected to monitor the biodegradation rate of PHBV and also for making the blends cost effective. The blends are thoroughly characterized for their compatibility, by the measurement of viscosity of blends and through FT-IR. Various applications of PHBV/EC blend in agriculture and pharmaceutical industries are being explored. Paper presented at the 5th IUMRS ICA98, October 1998, Bangalore.     

不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇增塑聚乳酸共混物的制备与性能

文中探究不同相对分子质量聚乙二醇(PEG)对聚乳酸(PLA)增塑改性的影响。采用转矩流变仪、万能试验机、差示扫描量热分析、动态力学、热重分析、旋转流变仪等测试表征方法对共混材料的增塑效果、力学性能、热行为、流变行为进行分析。实验结果表明,PEG可有效增塑PLA,PEG相对分子质量越低增塑效果越好,可以使PLA的塑化时间从250 s降低到128 s;加入PEG后,共混物的拉伸强度下降,断裂伸长率提高,PEG相对分子质量越低,拉伸强度下降越明显;PEG的加入使PLA的T_g和T_(cc)降低20℃左右,而T_m有所提高,其中低相对分子质量PEG可以更好地促进PLA结晶,但是随着PEG的加入共混体系的热分解温度降低,相对分子质量越低,热分解温度降低越明显;流变实验表明共混体系的复数黏度(η*)、储能模量(G')及损耗模量(G')的变化随PEG相对分子质量的减小下降越明显。     

含叔胺聚氨酯和聚氯乙烯共混物的介电性质研究

通过运用介电分析的方法对聚氯乙烯和含叔胺聚ε－乙内酯聚氨酯共混物进行了研究。介电研究表明，当聚酯聚氨酯的含量在５０％（质量）左右时，介电损耗曲线表现出单一的玻璃化转变，低于或高于此比例，体系表现出部分相容的两相结构，归一化的介电损耗曲线表明，共混物的损耗曲线宽度宽于聚氨酯和聚氯乙烯的损耗曲线宽度，理论计算表明，体系的相互作用参数Ｘ１２为０．００４。     

In vitro degradation and drug release from polymer blends based on poly(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">dl</Emphasis>-lactide), poly(<Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-lactide-glycolide) and poly(ε-caprolactone)

Bioresorbable materials are extensively used for a wide range of biomedical applications. Accurately modifying and evaluating the degradation rate of these materials is critical to their performance and the controlled release of bioactive agents. The aim of this work was to modify the physical properties, degradation rate and drug delivery characteristics of thin films for medical applications by blending poly(dl-lactic acid) (PDLLA), poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The thin films were prepared using solvent casting and compression moulding and the in vitro degradation study was performed by immersing the films in a phosphate-buffered saline at elevated temperature for a period of 4 weeks. The degradation rate of the materials was analysed by differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing and weight loss studies. The thermal analysis of the blends indicated that the presence of PLGA or PDLLA in the film resulted in increased degradation of the amorphous regions of PCL. It was observed that the samples consisting of PDLLA with PCL demonstrated the greatest weight loss. The decrease in mechanical properties observed for both sets of polymer blends proved to be similar. The solvent cast technique was selected as the most appropriate for the formation of the polymer/drug matrices, due to the potentially adverse thermal processing effects associated with compression moulding. It was found that modulation of drug release was achievable by altering the ratio of PCL to PDLLA or PLGA in the thin film blends.     

PBAT/PCL共混薄膜在草莓保鲜包装中的应用

目的通过聚己内酯(PCL)来改善聚己二酸-对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)的自粘性、成膜性及气体透过性,探究不同厚度和不同气体透过性的PBAT/PCL共混薄膜包装对新鲜草莓的保鲜效果。方法利用双螺杆挤出流延机组制备不同厚度和不同气体透过性的PBAT/PCL共混薄膜,并用于草莓的密闭包装。结果纯PBAT的自粘性由于PCL的添加得到改善,且不同厚度及共混比例的PBAT/PCL共混薄膜气体透过量不同,但CO_2/O_2选择透过比几乎不变。当薄膜用于草莓包装时,PBAT/PCL20薄膜草莓包装内部的CO_2浓度从第2天开始迅速进入平衡状态,维持在体积分数为2%~3%的范围,而O_2的体积分数随着贮藏时间逐渐降低后达到6%~7%。结论少量PCL的添加可改善PBAT的自粘性,一定厚度和透过性的PBAT/PCL共混膜可以使包装内部建立起低氧高二氧化碳的气氛环境,抑制草莓的呼吸作用,延长其保鲜期。