只为刚强

发展商在该项目中给予我们很大的自由，两层的特高天花更给予了我们广阔的想象空间。这次我们希望做一个很有建筑感和动感的空间，我们把空间的轴线扭动，使墙壁和地台都跟着倾斜，沙发也一并融入建筑中，新建的工字钢挑起了空中天桥，使人能享受特高的空间并欣赏到高窗外的风景。物料上不用有丝毫的娇媚，因为这个空间是刚强的，坦白的。     

Implementation of IFC-based web server for collaborative building design between architects and structural engineers

This paper presents the implementation of an Industry Foundation Class-based (IFC-based) information server for web-enabled collaborative building design between the architect and structural engineer. In this research, the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) standard is employed to build the framework of a design information server; the web and XML technologies are used to implement the collaboration and information sharing mechanisms in the server. The Industry Foundation Classes (IFCs) are adopted as the information model of the server to facilitate the interoperability among multidisciplinary AEC software applications. The current implementation of the server system supports the automatic transformation of the design model contents and representations from the architectural domain to the structural domain, and remote visualization and interaction by Java applet and the Java3D technology. An algorithm that is able to deduce the topological relationship among different structural elements has been proposed in this paper. A case study is presented at the end of the paper to illustrate the use of the information server for the architectural and structural design collaboration.     

探索建筑的自主性建构

从建筑学教学研究与实践入手,清晰呈现了对建筑本体、设计方法、设计工具和工作方式的探索,自主性建构提出了建筑的在地性、文化性和实施性,以及与数字建构、建筑几何和性能美学等设计方法进行的结合,它反映了对设计方法的批判性思考.这种思考不但给予了实践的动力,更是对未来建筑学更好融入社会生产体系的探索.     

Performative design environment for kinetic photovoltaic architecture

The design of complex architectural components such as kinetic architectural elements poses a challenge due to the multiple technological branches involved. This paper presents a performative design environment that combines the branches of structural and energy engineering, control, industrial design, and architecture. The methodology is applied in the context of the Adaptive Solar Facade, a kinetic photovoltaic shading system for the HiLo building in Duebendorf, Switzerland. The authors describe how the environment enables the user to design the form of the facade, get feedback on its structural strength, analyse the energetic performance of the interior space, conduct a daylighting analysis, render images, and produce fabrication plans for a rapid design process. With the parametric design environment, project meetings transform from information exchanges to design sessions where all stakeholders can collaboratively influence the design and see immediate results. What would normally take a month, was condensed to just a few hours. Ultimately, this paper extends the field of performative design by presenting a practical example where a system as complex as a kinetic photovoltaic envelope can be designed, prototyped, and fabricated by a small team of four designers.     

Bridge Condition Rating Using an Eigenvector of Priority Settings

Abstract: To circumvent possible inconsistencies in inspection and rating of highway bridges, two models based on fuzzy logic have been proposed in the literature. These models combine the condition rating of the various elements of the main bridge components to evaluate the overall condition of these components. The first method uses fuzzy weighted average, and the second uses the fuzzy computational technique known as resolution identity of fuzzy sets. A third model proposed by the authors and implemented in a knowledge-based expert system environment is presented in detail. The fuzzy inference model is based on a priority setting obtained through the solution of an eigenvector problem involving a pairwise comparison matrix of importance. This method and the associated solution technique were developed originally for general use in multiattribute decision making but were never used in a bridge engineering application. The proposed model is superior to other models for bridge rating previously developed because it provides priority settings of the individual elements of a bridge component in addition to the final rating of that component. The computer program was tested using actual bridge inspection data.     

室内造型元素——楼梯的设计与创意

楼梯作为室内环境中的主要造型元素之一,不仅可以满足垂直交通联系的功能,还可以对塑造空间形态、创造优美的室内环境起到重要作用。楼梯的设计创意,带来的空间与空间、空间与感受的全新强化与组合,造型独特的楼梯甚至能成为环境中的主题。本文主要从室内楼梯的型式、材质与空间三个方面阐述了楼梯作为室内造型元素的设计与创意。     

Capturing the spatial and operational interdependencies among building systems using building information modelling

Abstract

This paper presents a novel methodology for extracting interdependencies among building systems and components in order to understand how the effect of a hazard or failure can cascade across building systems and components. The methodology is composed of two parts: (1) a spatial interdependency algorithm and (2) an operational interdependency algorithm. The spatial algorithm separates a building into spaces and then extracts all of the building elements in each space. The extracted elements are clustered into five domain specific groups; architectural, structural, mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems. After locating the elements within each space, the operational algorithm extracts functional interdependency relationships across the different building systems to link the building spaces to their functional dependencies. Subsequently the resulting spatial and operational model is useful for assessing the propagation of failure through the building’s operation. A case study using a hydroelectric power plant is used to demonstrate the methodology. The risk analysis clustered building elements into five groups where the first group holds the most critical elements and the fifth group holds the least critical elements. Due to flooding, the production of electricity becomes endangered because of the growth in risk exposure of the turbine and connected electrical units.     

梁思成“建筑可译论”之前的中国实践

20世纪50年代梁思成针对中国风格建筑的设计提出了”建筑可译论”。他相信将西式建筑中的构图要素替换为相应的中式要素,就可以将建筑转变为中式风格。本文探寻19世纪以来,在梁思成理论表述之前中国就已经存在的”西译中”建筑实践。作者认为,这一研究将有助于揭示一个曾经同时被中国和西方建筑史视为边缘的领域及其对于两个学科所具有的同等重要性。它在对一种看似混杂的建筑现象进行解释的同时也将厘清若干中外建筑文化交流的线索。此外,它还试图引发人们对于“建筑可译性”在实践过程中的许多具体问题进行反思。这些问题包括：对应词汇的选择及其与社会文化和专业的语境的关系,翻译所导致的语义转变,以及强势文化和弱势文化的差别所导致的“非互换性”。更进一步它还将质疑欧洲中心主义和现代主义史学中的”折衷主义”概念。     

谈岭南建筑系统的物质基本元素

从建筑材料、设备、建筑空间三方面入手,对岭南建筑的物质基本元素进行了研究,指出岭南建筑是一个相互联系的等级序列系统,其自身的物质基本元素的变化从根本上推动建筑从低级到高级的发展。     

建筑的传统性与时代性——乡土建筑设计教学的探索

在乡土建筑设计教学过程中对建筑设计与建筑教育加以反思，从设计的角度探索建筑的传统性与时代性的关系，寻求将传统性与时代性结合的契机；同时又从教育的角度对课题设置、教学程序、设计方法等进行研讨，尝试如何将建筑史学与建筑理论直接、具体地运用于指导建筑设计。提倡历史、理论、设计三位一体教学观念，并力图创立一种综合的、开放的建筑设计思维方法。     

基于传导变换的建筑立面形式构成

本文从建筑立面形式构成要素出发,结合可拓建筑设计的理论与方法,在具体的形式分析中,论述抽象形态要素的相关性和形式关系要素的蕴含性,并以此为前提,阐释传导变换的模式与特点,提出基于多级传导变换的建筑立面形式构成手法。     

"化整为零”模块化建筑设计课程教学方法探析——以二年级独立式住宅课程设计为例

该文基于多年建筑设计课程教学改革实践,从传统建筑设计教学模式的问题出发,提出“化整为零”的课程体系教学思路,即以一个小型建筑为依托,构成建筑的必要要素:场地、功能、建构、形式分别展开做深入系统的“模块化”专项教学,使学生更加全面理解构成建筑的要素本质,以及从建筑设计的整体性角度有效掌握建筑设计的基本方法.     

"同济风格"1--20世纪中后期同济四个建筑作品评析

文章以20世纪50年代末至80年代中叶四个优秀建筑作品为切入点,剖析了同济建筑设计的特点。提出“同济风格“的主要内容是一种具有开放性的思想方法,它强调建筑设计不仅是一个理性的推导过程,更是一个创造性地建立各种元素之间均衡关系的过程,其变化和魅力来源于建筑师独特的个性。     

基于突变理论的高层建筑火灾安全综合评价

针对当前高层建筑火灾频发情况,本文基于突变理论研究此类建筑火灾的安全综合评价方法。首先,基于Delphi方法,建立了高层建筑火灾的评价指标体系;其次,基于突变理论,研究并提出了高层建筑火灾安全综合评价模型。通过此模型的应用,获得高层建筑的火灾安全综合评价结果,并通过对模型评估结果的分析,提出降低高层建筑火灾隐患的整改措施及管理方案。最后,本文通过实例验证了本文理论的有效性。     

Automated design of prefabricated building

The paper describes a knowledge-based system for the detailed design of prefabricated building. The system employs a comprehensive approach which integrates different design aspects, architectural, structural and technological. The system receives, as an input, a preliminary architectural design of the building to be erected, adjusts it to a modular grid, indicates the location of structured supports, breaks down the floors and walls into elements to be prefabricated and finally produces detailed drawings of the elements and their cost estimate. The premise of the system, its operation and the structure of its knowledge are described.     

Scenario-based design: New applications in metamorphic architecture

Architectural design targets mainly humans, the lives of whom are dynamic and continuously changing. Consequently, the conventional design methodologies that deal with buildings as static entities do not always represent the proper method to generate user-friendlybuildings. This paper presents a methodology that deals dynamically with the changing settings of buildings and their associated systemic configurations. This method is scenario-based design, in which scenarios represent essential tools for exercising various role playing and exploring potential “what-if” settings. In this method, a scenario structure aims to develop knowledge about each setting's compatibility to a set of prescribed expectations and quality criteria. To test the applicability of the proposed methodology, an experiential studio project is implemented. The project is orchestrated to illustrate the methodological use of scenarios and to gain in-depth understanding and predictive insights into the real-world architecture from various users’ perspectives. The method presented and discussed in this paper uses scenarios to analyze, develop and evaluate architectural design solutions that aim to achieve specific performance attributes, such as the flexibility, modifiability, transformability, adaptability, extensibility, functionality and operation of building components. The project that demonstrates the proposed method in action is illustrated by examples. The reflections about themethod and its implementation seem to encourage its adoption as an alternative design processing tool that fits strongly within emergent typologies such as metamorphic, interactive, responsive and kinetic architectures.     

基于建筑空间布置规则性的结构优化分析

结构体系中的大空间或者核心筒的布置不规则,会给建筑抗震设计带来诸多困扰。提出优化设计的方法用于对结构刚度进行调整,以降低建筑空间布置不规则的影响。优化方法是基于进化结构优化法,建立新的灵敏度定义,以修正建筑空间布置规则性为设计目标,优化结构体系中抗侧体系的刚度分布。从建立结构模型开始,直接从建筑设计模型中,提取必要的设计参数,导入优化设计程序中进行建模,提高了建模的效率和准确度。在有限元分析过程中全部采用壳单元,并且在考虑解析准确度的基础上对壳单元进行分割,应用泰森多边形理论对荷载进行计算。在优化计算中,主要从结构整体等效应力分布的均匀性,重心与刚心的相对位置关系以及结构的两向抗侧刚度比三个方面对结构体系的应力、水平以及竖向构件刚度分布进行优化设计,调整建筑空间布局以满足布置的规则性,对进一步深化设计提供可参考的分析结果。     

从符号学角度分析世博中国馆

中国传统文化符号具有鲜明的民族性与地域性,也是设计界宝贵的创作元素之一。该文借助建筑符号学的研究方法,对上海世博会中国馆这一显著运用中国传统文化符号的建筑进行深入分析,以寻找在建筑中应用传统文化符号的普遍方法。     

Smart partition system – A room level support system for integrating smart technologies into existing buildings

We proposed a support system called the “Smart Partition System” for infill elements that integrate smart technologies according to the Open Building principles. The design requirements were collected from design practitioners. These design requirements consisted of both architectural and information subsystems. The Smart Partition System was composed of the following multiple levels of smartness: the foundation/core level with an embedded design knowledge in the support system and the utility level with a modular infill that integrate smart technologies. We constructed functional prototypes to demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed support system and some of the possibilities of the smart infill elements. Furthermore, the prototypes were evaluated by design practitioners. We compared our approach with current practices of smart building developments, and we also discussed some future prospects.     

Shear wall layout optimization of tall buildings using Quantum Charged System Search

This paper presents a developed meta-heuristic algorithm to optimize the shear walls of tall reinforced concrete buildings. These types of walls are considered as lateral resistant elements. In this paper, Quantum Charged System Search (QCSS) algorithm is presented as a new optimization method and used to improve the convergence capability of the original Charged System Search. The cost of tall building is taken as the objective function. Since the design of the lateral system plays a major role in the performance of the tall buildings, this paper proposes a unique computational technique that, unlike available works, focuses on structural efficiency or architectural design. This technique considers both structural and architectural requirements such as minimum structural costs, torsional effects, flexural and shear resistance, lateral deflection, openings and accessibility. The robustness of the new algorithm is demonstrated by comparing the outcomes of the QCSS with those of its standard algorithm.