TiC/n型4H-SiC欧姆接触的低温退火研究

利用电子回旋共振(ECR)氢等离子体处理n型4H-SiC(0.5～1.5×1019cm-3)表面,采用溅射法制备碳化钛(TiC)电极,并在低温(<800℃)条件下退火。直线传输线模型(TLM)测试结果表明,TiC电极无需退火即可与SiC形成欧姆接触,采用ECR氢等离子体处理能明显降低比接触电阻,并在600℃退火时获得了最小的比接触电阻2.45×10-6Ω.cm2;当退火温度超过600℃时,欧姆接触性能开始退化,但是比接触电阻仍然低于未经氢等离子体处理的样品,说明ECR氢等离子体处理对防止高温欧姆接触性能劣化仍有明显的效果。利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了不同退火温度下TiC/SiC界面的物相组成,揭示了电学特性与微观结构的关系。     

非故意掺杂GaN上Ti/Al/Ni/Au欧姆接触研究

基于圆形传输线模型,研究了背景载流子浓度为71016cm3的非故意掺杂GaN与Ti/Al/Ni/Au多层金属之间欧姆接触的形成。样品在N2气氛中,分别经过温度450,550,700,800,900℃的1 min快速热退火处理后发现,当退火温度高于700℃欧姆接触开始形成,随着温度升高欧姆接触电阻持续下降,在900℃时获得了最低比接触电阻6.6106O·cm2。研究表明,要获得低的欧姆接触电阻,需要Al与Ti发生充分固相反应,并穿透Ti层到达GaN表面;同时,GaN中N外扩散到金属中,在GaN表面产生N空位起施主作用,可提高界面掺杂浓度,从而有助于电子隧穿界面而形成良好欧姆接触。     

低掺杂浓度n型GaAs欧姆接触的研究

利用传输线方法（TLM）重点研究了低掺杂浓度（2×1017at/cm3）n型GaAs接触层的欧姆接触,通过改变AuGe/Ni的厚度比、合金化的温度和时间等参数,获得了最优化的制备条件：AuGe/Ni/Au的厚度为50nm/25nm/100 nm,退火温度为400 ℃,退火时间为120s时,欧姆接触电阻率为最低3.52×10-4Ωcm-2,这一结果为量子阱结构太赫兹探测器芯片的制备奠定了基础。     

基于AlGaN/GaN HEMT的源漏整体刻蚀欧姆接触结构

研究了源漏整体刻蚀欧姆接触结构对AlGaN/GaN高电子迁移率晶体管(HEMT)的欧姆接触电阻和金属电极表面形貌的影响.利用传输线模型(TLM)对样品的电学性能进行测试,使用原子力显微镜(AFM)对样品的表面形貌进行表征,通过透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对样品的剖面微结构和界面反应进行表征与分析.实验结果显示,采用Ti/Al/Ni/Au(20 nm/120 nm/45 nm/55 nm)金属和源漏整体刻蚀欧姆接触结构,在合金温度870 c℃,升温20 s,退火50 s条件下,欧姆接触电阻最低为0.13 Ω·mm,方块电阻为363.14 Ω/□,比接触电阻率为4.54×10-7Ω·cm2,形成了良好的欧姆接触,降低了器件的导通电阻.     

n型4H-SiC上Ni/Pt和Ti/Pt欧姆接触(英文)

研究了Ni/Pt和Ti/Pt金属在n型4H-SiC上的欧姆接触。在1 020℃退火后,Ni/Pt与n型4H-SiC欧姆接触的比接触电阻为2.2×10-6Ω·cm2。Ti/Pt与n型4H-SiC欧姆接触的比接触电阻为5.4×10-6Ω·cm2,退火温度为1 050℃。虽然Ni的功函数比Ti的功函数高,但是Ni比Ti更容易与n型4H-SiC形成欧姆接触。使用能谱分析仪(EDX)分析了Ni/Pt和Ti/Pt金属与4HSiC接触面的元素,观察到C原子相对于Pt原子的原子数分数随退火温度的变化而不同。实验验证了在n型4H-SiC中退火导致的碳空位起施主作用是有利于欧姆接触形成的主要原因。     

退火温度对室温沉积的ITO薄膜与p-Si接触性能的影响

室温下用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃和p型单晶硅衬底上沉积ITO薄膜,并对其进行不同温度的退火处理.采用XRD衍射仪测试薄膜结晶性,用紫外-可见分光光度计和霍尔效应测试试样光电性能,用吉时利2400表测试ITO/p-Si接触的I-V曲线,用线性传输线模型测试比接触电阻.研究结果表明:室温下沉积的ITO薄膜与p-Si形成欧姆接触,但比接触电阻较大.退火处理可以进一步优化接触性能,200℃退火后试样保持欧姆接触且比接触电阻下降为8.8×10-3 Ω·cm2.随着退火温度进一步升高到300℃,比接触电阻达到最低值2.8×10-3 Ω·cm2,但接触性能变为非线性.     

基于Ni/Ag/Pt的P型GaN欧姆接触

提出了新型的Ni/Ag/Pt结构作为具有高光学反射率、低比接触电阻率(SCR)的p-GaN欧姆接触电极。在Ni/Ag/Pt厚度分别为3 nm/120 nm/2 nm的条件下,在500℃、O2气氛中退火3 min,获得了80%的光学反射率(460 nm处)和4.43×10-4Ω.cm2的SCR,样品的表面均方根(RMS)粗糙度约为8nm。俄歇电子能谱(AES)分析表明,Pt很好地改善了Ag基电极退火后的表面形貌,Ni、Ag对形成良好的欧姆接触起了重要的作用。     

Co/C/4H-SiC欧姆接触特性的研究

研究了Co/4H-SiC结构的电学特性。通过直流溅射的方式在金属Co 薄膜 与SiC之间淀积了一层碳薄膜,极大地改善了欧姆特性。采用两步快速退火工艺,即500 °C 退火 10 分钟 再 1050 °C 退火 3 分钟,形成了良好的欧姆接触,接触电阻率为2.30×10-6 Ω.cm2。X射线衍射（XRD）分析表明高温退火后Co基金属接触层中的硅化物更加稳定,接触层下形成的富碳层有效地降低了电子输运的势垒高度,对欧姆接触的形成起了关键作用。通过对Au/Co/C/SiC 欧姆接触的热稳定性测试,结果表明经过500oC下20小时的热测试,掺杂浓度为2.8×1018 cm-3的 n型4H-SiC保持了良好的欧姆特性。     

InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMT欧姆接触研究

应用Au/Ge/Ni系金属在InAlAs/InGaAs/InP HEMT上成功制作了良好的合金欧姆接触。采用WN和Ti双扩散阻挡层工艺优化欧姆接触,在样品上获得了最低9.01×10-8Ω.cm2的比接触电阻,对应的欧姆接触电阻为0.029Ω.mm。同时,在模拟后续工艺环境的20min250°C热处理后,器件的欧姆接触性能无显著变化,表明其具有一定的温度稳定性。     

Ti扩散势垒对Al／Si／Pd与n—GaAs欧姆接触热稳定性的影响

利用电子束蒸发依次将Pd,Si和Al淀积在掺杂浓度为2×10~(13)cm~(-3)的n型GaAs上,可以得到非合金、低阻的欧姆接触。比接触电阻率约为5×10~(-6)·cm~2。但经过高温(410℃),长时间热退火后,样品的表面会出现明显不平整,比接触电阻率会明显增加,在Al和Si/Pd之间加入一层Ti作为扩散势垒会使欧姆接触的热稳定性变好。但只有在Al和Ti之间的反应没有完全耗尽Ti时,扩散势垒才起作用。     

Ti/Al/Ni/Au金属体系在N-polar GaN上的欧姆接触特性

利用金属有机化合物化学气相淀积(MOCVD)在SiC衬底上外延生长了N-polar GaN材料,采用传输线模型(TLM)分析了Ti/Al/Ni/Au金属体系在N-polar GaN上的欧姆接触特性.结果表明,Ti/Al/Ni/Au (20/60/10/50 nm)在N-polar GaN上可形成比接触电阻率为2.2×10-3Ω·cm2的非合金欧姆接触,当退火温度升至200℃,比接触电阻率降为1.44×10-3 Ω·cm2,随着退火温度的进一步上升,Ga原子外逸导致欧姆接触退化为肖特基接触.     

用于紫外探测器的AlGaN/GaN异质结构的Ti/Al/Ni/Au欧姆接触特性

采用Ti/Al/Ni/Au多层金属体系在Al0.27Ga0.73N/GaN异质结构上制备了欧姆接触.分别采用线性传输线方法(LTLM)和圆形传输线方法(CTLM)对其电阻率进行了测试.当Ti(10nm)/Al(100nm)/Ni(40nm)/Au(100nm)金属体系在650℃高纯N2气氛中退火30s时,测量得到的最小比接触电阻率为1.46×10-5Ω·cm2.并制备了Al0.27Ga0.73N/GaN光导型紫外探测器,通过测试发现探测器的暗电流.电压曲线呈线性分布.实验结果表明在Al0.27 Ga0.73N/GaN异质结构上获得了好的欧姆接触,能够满足制备高性能AlGaN/GaN紫外探测器的要求.     

Ohmic contact behaviour of Co/C/4H-SiC structures

The electrical contact properties of Co/4H-SiC structures are investigated.A carbon interfacial layer between a Co film and SiC is used to improve the Ohmic contact properties significantly.The C film is deposited prior to Co film deposition on SiC using DC sputtering.The high quality Ohmic contact and specific contact resistivity of 2.30×10^-6Ω·cm² are obtained for Co/C/SiC structures after two-step annealing at 500℃for 10 min and 1050℃for 3 min.The physical properties of the contacts are examined by using XRD.The results indicate that the Co-based metal contacts have better structural stability of silicide phases formed after the high temperature annealing and carbon-enriched layer is produced below the contact,playing a key role in forming an Ohmic contact through the reduction of effective Schottky barrier height for the transport of electrons.The thermal stability of Au/Co/C/SiC Ohmic contacts is investigated.The contacts remain Ohmic on doped n-type(2.8×10¹⁸ cm^-3) 4H-SiC after thermal aging treatment at 500℃for 20 h.     

Ohmic contacts to n-type GaN using Pd/Al metallization

Ohmic contacts to n-type GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition were formed using a Pd/Al-based metallization. Ohmic contact resistances and specific contact resistances were investigated as a function of rapid thermal annealing temperature, Pd interlayer thickness, and annealing time. As-deposited Pd/AI was found to produce rectifying contacts while the metallization exhibited ohmic characteristics after annealing at temperatures as low as 400°C. A minimum contact resistance of 0.9 ohm-mm (specific contact resistance = 1.2 × 10⁻⁵ ohm-cm²) was obtained upon annealing at 650°C for 30 s. For comparison, Al and Ti/Al contacts were also investigated. Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction were used to investigate metallurgical reactions.     

p-GaN与Ni/Pt欧姆接触的研究

本文对p-GaN与Ni/Pt形成欧姆接触及其电流传输机制进行了研究。I-V变温测试曲线是线形的,表明Ni/Pt与p-GaN之所以能形成欧姆接触,是因为Ni/Pt与p-GaN接触在空气中退火时界面处的p-GaN空穴浓度增加了,从而降低了有效势垒高度。在148K～323K范围内,单位接触电阻R_c随测试温度T的升高趋于呈指数下降,表明Ni/Pt与p-GaN欧姆接触的电流传输机制遵循热电子发射。     

Structural properties of alloyed Ti/Al/Ti/Au and Ti/Al/Mo/Au ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN

Two alloyed ohmic contact structures for AlGaN/GaN–Ti/Al/Ti/Au and Ti/Al/Mo/Au were studied. Both structures were optimized for minimum ohmic contact resistance. Structures grown on sapphire and SiC substrates were used to investigate structural properties of ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN. Ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN on SiC showed higher contact resistance values compared to contacts to AlGaN/GaN on sapphire. Ohmic contact metals were etched on samples after annealing. The alloyed interface was studied with backside illumination under an optical microscope. Alloyed inclusions associated with threading dislocations were observed on the surface. For the AlGaN/GaN on SiC sample the inclusion density was an order of magnitude lower than for the sample on sapphire. Conductive atomic force microscopy with carbon nanotube tip was used to investigate topography and conductivity profile of the surface after ohmic contact metal removal by etching.     

High quality AlGaN grown on a high temperature A1N template by MOCVD

A high temperature A1N template was grown on sapphire substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. AFM results showed that the root mean square of the surface roughness was just 0.11 nm. Optical transmission spectrum and high resolution X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization both proved the high quality of the A1N template. The XRD (002) rocking curve full width at half maximum (FWHM) was about 53.7 arcsec and (102) FWHM was about 625 arcsec. The densities of screw threading dislocations (TDs) and edge TDs were estimated to be～6×10~6 cm~(-2) and ～4.7×10~9 cm~(-2). A1GaN of A1 composition 80.2% was further grown on the A1N template. The RMS of the surface roughness was about 0.51 nm. XRD reciprocal space mapping was carried out to accurately determine the Al composition and relaxation status in the A1GaN epilayer. The XRD (002) rocking curve FWHM of the A1GaN epilayer was about 140 arcsec and (102) FWHM was about 537 arcsec. The density of screw TDs was estimated to be ～4×10~7 cm~(-2) and that of edge TDs was～3.3×10~9 cm~(-2). These values all prove the high quality of the A1N template and AlGaN epilayer.     

Estimation of electron mobility of n-doped 4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline using space-charge-limited currents

The electron mobilities of 4, 7-diphenyl-1, 10-phenanthroline (BPhen) doped 8-hydroxyquinolinatolithium (Liq) at various thicknesses (50-300 nm) have been estimated by using space-charge-limited current measurements. It is observed that the electron mobility of 33 wt% Liq doped BPhen approaches its true value when the thickness is more than 200 nm. The electron mobility of 33 wt% Liq doped BPhen at 300 nm is found to be ～5.2 × 10~(-3) cm~2/(V·s) (at 0.3 MV/cm) with weak dependence on electric field, which is about one order of magnitude higher than that of pristine BPhen (3.4 × 10~(-4) cm~2/(V·s)) measured by SCLC. For the typical thickness of organic light-emitting devices, the electron mobility of doped BPhen is also investigated.