消化系肿瘤干细胞研究进展

近年来,肿瘤干细胞（CSCs）已成为肿瘤研究的热点。CSCs是一类具有自我更新和分化潜能的细胞．参与肿瘤的发生、发展、转移和复发。迄今,已发现包括食管癌、胃癌、结肠癌、肝癌、胰腺癌等在内的多种消化系CSCs。本文就消化系CSCs的研究进展作一综述,以期为消化系肿瘤的治疗提供新的策略。     

肝干细胞研究进展

肝干细胞（ｈｅｐａｔｉｃ ｓｔｅｍ ｃｅｌｌ）是否存在？如果存在，它们位于肝脏的何处？这些问题已激烈地争论了多年。直到最近，在对啮齿类动物模型的研究及对人类肝脏疾病发病机理的细胞生物学研究获得了确凿的证据之后，才初步平息了争论：肝干细胞确实存在；它们多数位于肝脏Ｈｅｒｉｎｇ管内或其邻近的区域，也有部分来源于肝外的骨髓造血干细胞。现将近年来有关动物模型和人类肝干细胞的研究进展作一综述。１ 动物实验研究１．１ 肝干细胞与受损肝脏再生 正常成年肝脏是一个相对静止的器官，但在外科肝叶切除、病毒感染或化学药物…     

消化系肿瘤干细胞标记物的研究进展

肿瘤干细胞假说从一个新的角度认识肿瘤,对消化系肿瘤干细胞进行全面地了解、鉴定和纯化可为消化系肿瘤的治疗带来新的方向,其中充分认识消化系肿瘤干细胞标记物是其基础,并可进一步证实肿瘤干细胞的存在以及选择有效的抗肿瘤靶向药物。本文就消化系肿瘤干细胞标记物的研究进展作一综述。     

肝干细胞研究进展

尽管肝干细胞研究领域中尚有很多争议,但综合近年来的研究逐步形成以下共识：①肝干细胞定位于胆管系统;②正常肝脏的肝细胞更新和肝损伤修复过程均需肝干细胞参与;③以卵圆细胞为代表的多潜能肝干细胞的功能与肝内微生态平衡密切相关。本综述肝干细胞领域近年来的有关研究进展。     

干细胞与消化系肿瘤

干细胞及其应用是目前令人关注的研究领域,随着细胞及分子生物学技术的不断发展,人们尝试将干细胞应用于临床,治疗血液系统疾病、糖尿病、心肌梗死及创伤。近年来,人们也将目光关注于干细胞与肿瘤之间的关系,希望通过干细胞的研究能对肿瘤发病机制的揭示及治疗有所突破,本文就干细胞与消化系肿瘤之间的研究进展作一综述。1干细胞的定义及分类干细胞(stem cell)是一组具有很强的自我复制及分化潜能的细胞,个体的不同阶段以及成体的不同组织之中均存在干细胞,随着年龄的增长,干细胞的数量逐渐减少,分化潜能也逐渐变窄。干细胞缺少谱系特异性标…     

肝干细胞研究进展

尽管肝干细胞研究领域中尚有很多争议,但综合近年来的研究逐步形成以下共识:①肝干细胞定位于胆管系统;②正常肝脏的肝细胞更新和肝损伤修复过程均需肝干细胞参与;③以卵圆细胞为代表的多潜能肝干细胞的功能与肝内微生态平衡密切相关。本文综述肝干细胞领域近年来的有关研究进展。     

侧群细胞与消化系恶性肿瘤干细胞研究

侧群(side population,SP)细胞是利用Hoechst33342染料和流式细胞术进行造血干/祖细胞分离时发现的一群特殊细胞,既有干细胞样自我更新和多向分化潜能,而且具有独特的SP表型标志,为干细胞研究提供了新的方向。侧群细胞在正常组织和恶性肿瘤细胞中均有表达,且其有与肿瘤干细胞相似的生物学特性。近年来在消化系肿瘤干细胞的研究中发现侧群细胞对于分选鉴定肿瘤干细胞意义重大。本文就侧群细胞与消化系肿瘤干细胞的关系进行研究。     

RegⅣ与消化系肿瘤研究进展

再生基因4(regenerating islet-derived family,member 4, RegⅣ)是再生基因家族的新成员,定位于1p12-13.1, 编码为17 kDa的分泌性蛋白. RegⅣ选择性表达于正常胰腺和胃肠道上皮, 炎症或肿瘤时可见原位或异位高表达.RegⅣ与消化系肿瘤的发生、发展、转移、抗药性及预后密切相关, 其可能成为预防、诊断和治疗整个消化系肿瘤的新的重要靶分子.     

干细胞移植与肝脏疾病

研究表明干细胞能够分化为多种成熟细胞如神经细胞、心肌细胞及肝细胞。肝损伤目前尚没有令人满意的治疗措施,干细胞应用于肝损伤的治疗具有广阔的应用前景。1.干细胞研究概况:干细胞是一类具有无限期自我更新能力的细胞。在适当条件和刺激下可以分化为不同类型的细胞。随着个体的发育和成熟,这些细胞在人体内会逐渐减少。目前认为,干细胞具备以下几点特性:(1)具有自我更新和自我维持能力;(2)具有多分化潜能;(3)既具有生理性的更新能力也具有对损伤的反应和修复能力。(4)干细胞     

肝干细胞的研究进展

肝干细胞是成体千细胞的一种，由于其具有强大的增殖能力，并能分化为具有功能的成熟肝细胞，为肝病的细胞治疗和组织工程提供了重要的细胞来源。现就肝干细胞的来源、标志物、诱导与示踪、体外培养与扩增、分化及其与肝细胞癌的关系作一综述。     

干细胞在肝病治疗中的应用

干细胞来源于胚胎、胎儿和成体组织，具有自我更新和多向分化潜能。各种类型的干细胞以其独特方式在肝脏再生过程中发挥作用，为临床疾病的治疗提供了广阔前景。本文就目前干细胞的分类、移植途径、临床治疗中的相关问题和应用前景作一综述。     

长链非编码RNA在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)是一组长度超过200 bp、缺少完整蛋白编码功能的RNA,其在表观遗传学调控以及转录和转录后调控等方面发挥重要作用。目前研究发现,lncRNA参与了消化系统疾病的发生。本文就lncRNA在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展作一综述,旨在为消化系统肿瘤的诊断和治疗提供新思路。     

胚胎干细胞和诱导多能干细胞源性肝细胞样细胞研究进展

肝硬化、原发性肝癌、代谢性肝病等终末期肝病的治疗正成为全球棘手的医疗问题。肝细胞移植（HT）有望成为终末期肝病的替代疗法,但肝细胞来源紧缺、体外增殖困难等限制了HT的临床应用。干细胞的发现为解决上述问题提供了新的思路。胚胎干细胞（ESCs）81诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）分化为肝细胞样细胞（HLCs）的研究．可为临床细胞替代治疗提供合适的细胞来源,亦在药物评估和肝脏发生等基础研究方面起重要作用。本文就近年ESCs和iPSCs体外定向分化为HLCs的研究进展作一综述。     

胃肠道肿瘤干细胞的研究进展

近年,肿瘤干细胞作为肿瘤发生、发展的新理论正受到越来越多的关注。在多种肿瘤组织中发现和分离出肿瘤干细胞为证实肿瘤干细胞的存在和干细胞相关特性提供了理论依据。近期研究发现部分胃肠道肿瘤细胞具有干细胞特性,是胃肠道肿瘤发生、发展、逃避常规抗肿瘤治疗的重要原因,为胃肠道肿瘤的治疗提供了新的靶点。本文就肿瘤干细胞,特别是胃肠道肿瘤干细胞的研究进展作一综述。     

Stem Cells and Cardiac Repair: A Critical Analysis

Utilizing stem cells to repair the damaged heart has seen an intense amount of activity over the last 5 years or so. There are currently multiple clinical studies in progress to test the efficacy of various different cell therapy approaches for the repair of damaged myocardium that were only just beginning to be tested in preclinical animal studies a few years earlier. This rapid transition from preclinical to clinical testing is striking and is not typical of the customary timeframe for the progress of a therapy from bench-to-bedside. Doubtless, there will be many more trials to follow in the upcoming years. With the plethora of trials and cell alternatives, there has come not only great enthusiasm for the potential of the therapy, but also great confusion about what has been achieved. Cell therapy has the potential to do what no drug can: regenerate and replace damaged tissue with healthy tissue. Drugs may be effective at slowing the progression of heart failure, but none can stop or reverse the process. However, tissue repair is not a simple process, although the idea on its surface is quite simple. Understanding cells, the signals that they respond to, and the keys to appropriate survival and tissue formation are orders of magnitude more complicated than understanding the pathways targeted by most drugs. Drugs and their metabolites can be monitored, quantified, and their effects correlated to circulating levels in the body. Not so for most cell therapies. It is quite difficult to measure cell survival except through ex vivo techniques like histological analysis of the target organ. This makes the emphasis on preclinical research all the more important because it is only in the animal studies that research has the opportunity to readily harvest the target tissues and perform the detailed analyses of what has happened with the cells. This need for detailed and usually time-intensive research in animal studies stands in contrast to the rapidity with which therapies have progressed to the clinic. It is now becoming clear through a number of notable examples that progress to the clinic may have occurred too quickly, before adequate testing and independent verification of results could be completed (Check, Nature 446:485–486, 2007; Chien, J Clin Investig 116:1838–1840, 2006; Giles, Nature 442:344–347, 2006). Broad reproducibility and transfer of results from one lab to another has been and always will be essential for the successful application of any cell therapy. So, what is the prognosis for cell therapy to repair heart damage? Will there be an approved cell therapy, or multiple ones, or will it require combinations of more than one cell type to be successful? These are questions often asked. The answers are difficult to know and even more difficult to predict because there are so many variables associated with cell-based therapies. There is much about the biology of cell systems that we still do not understand. Much of the pluripotency or transdifferentiation phenomena (see below) being observed go against accepted and well-tested principles for cell development and fate choice, and has caused a reevaluation of long-accepted theories. Clearly, new pathways for tissue repair and regeneration have been uncovered, but will these new pathways be sufficient to effect significant tissue repair and regeneration? Despite the false starts so far, there is the strong likelihood one or possibly multiple cell therapies will succeed. Clearly, important information has been gained, which should better guide the field to achieving success. When there is the successful verification in patients of a cell therapy, there will be an explosion of technological advances around the approach(es) that succeed. Whatever cells get approved accompanying them will be: more effective delivery methods; growth and storage methods; combination therapies, mixes of cells or cells + gene therapies; combinations with biomaterials and technologies for immune protection, allowing allografting. There are many parallel paths of technology development waiting to be brought together once there is an effective cellular approach. The coming years will no doubt bring some exciting developments.     

间充质干细胞与炎症性肠病的研究进展

间充质干细胞(MSC)是一种具有多分化潜能的细胞,还具有免疫调节功能。炎症性肠病(IBD)的病因和发病机制目前尚未完全明确,近年研究显示免疫紊乱在IBD的发病中起重要作用。MSC的免疫调节特性为治疗IBD提供了一种潜在的可能性。本文就MSC的免疫调节效应及其在IBD中的作用作一综述。     

胃癌干细胞的分离鉴定以及干细胞特性研究

背景:肿瘤干细胞(CSCs)已成为当前肿瘤研究的热点之一,开展相关研究的首要问题是CSCs的分离和鉴定,悬浮培养法是分离CSCs的重要方法。目的:分离、鉴定胃癌干细胞(GCSCs)并评价其干细胞特性。方法:人胃癌细胞株MKN45、MGC803、SGC7901以含表皮生长因子(EGF)、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)的无血清培养基悬浮培养。对培养得到的第三代肿瘤球,以集落形成实验检测其克隆形成能力,免疫荧光法检测GCSCs标记物,细胞划痕实验和Transwell小室细胞侵袭实验检测其迁移、侵袭能力,CCK-8实验检测其对顺铂的耐药性。结果:培养得到的肿瘤球高表达干细胞标记物CD44、CD54,低表达胃壁细胞标记物H+/K+-ATPase,克隆形成能力、划痕愈合速度和Transwell小室穿膜细胞数明显大于或多于普通胃癌细胞,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。顺铂对肿瘤球的50%抑制浓度明显高于普通胃癌细胞。结论:应用无血清培养基悬浮培养法能成功获得GCSCs富集的肿瘤球;肿瘤球具有较强的自我更新、增殖、迁移、侵袭能力和多向分化潜能,对化疗药物更易产生耐药性。