Visible-light-driven photocatalytic dual-layer hollow fibre membrane ameliorates the changes of bisphenol A exposure in gastrointestinal tract

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Various treatments of choice are available to overcome contamination of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment including membrane technologies; however,...     

无机微滤膜过滤阻力的研究

本文采用孔径为 0 .8μm、0 .2 μm和 5 0nm的无机微滤膜 ,考察了不同情况下膜的过滤阻力分布情况。对于造纸黑液 ,当浓度较低时 ,过滤阻力由膜阻力、吸附阻力、堵孔阻力和浓差极化阻力共同控制 ;当浓度较高时 ,吸附阻力起主要作用。过滤 1g/L聚乙二醇溶液的试验结果表明 ,不同孔径膜的过滤阻力构成是不同的 ,孔径越小则吸附阻力越小 ,但浓差极化阻力会显著增加     

粉末活性炭对膜过滤性能的影响

向一体式膜生物反应器中投加粉末活性炭（PAC），可以显著提高膜的过滤性能，有效缓解膜的污染。研究结果表明：投加PAC的吸附作用减少了由于胞外聚合物（EPS）而引起的膜污染；膜表面PAC颗粒的存在减小了浓差极化层的厚度和水力边界层的厚度，提高了过滤物质的传递速率；膜表面形成的PAC层还可过滤微生物和胶体颗粒，减少了它们到达膜表面的数量。     

染料类型对膜生物反应器性能的影响

为了考察染料类型对膜生物反应器(MBR)处理性能的影响,在相同的染料浓度条件下,探究了阳离子染料MB和阴离子染料CR对MBR去除效果、活性污泥特性及膜污染的影响。结果表明,MBR对亚甲基蓝印染废水中的COD、${{\rm{NH}}_4^ + } $-N和亚甲基蓝的去除率分别为83.07%、25.11%和52.26%,均低于处理刚果红印染废水中的相应污染物去除率(88.93%、87.44%和92.39%)。前者系统中污泥代谢产物为71.43 mg·g⁻¹,高于后者的35.22 mg·g⁻¹,且D₅₀为110.9 μm,导致系统分别在第10和17天的TMP达到清洗压力。扫描电子显微镜、阻力分析和红外光谱表征结果表明,处理亚甲基蓝印染废水的MBR滤饼层较厚(137 μm),膜孔阻力较大(9.01%),污染物主要成分为多糖和蛋白质。     

粉末活性炭对膜过滤性能的影响

向一体式膜生物反应器中投加粉末活性炭(PAC),可以显著提高膜的过滤性能,有效缓解膜的污染.研究结果表明:投加PAC的吸附作用减少了由于胞外聚合物(EPS)而引起的膜污染;膜表面PAC颗粒的存在减小了浓差极化层的厚度和水力边界层的厚度,提高了过滤物质的传递速率;膜表面形成的PAC层还可过滤微生物和胶体颗粒,减少了它们到达膜表面的数量.     

Removal of dye using peroxidase-immobilized Buckypaper/polyvinyl alcohol membrane in a multi-stage filtration column via RSM and ANFIS

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The feasibility and performance of Jicama peroxidase (JP) immobilized Buckypaper/polyvinyl alcohol (BP/PVA) membrane for methylene blue (MB) dye...     

投加ABS颗粒对MBR膜过滤特性的影响

向膜生物反应器(MBR)中投加ABS颗粒,以干扰膜表面泥饼层的形成和减轻膜污染的发生。结果表明,向MBR中投加粒径为1 mm的ABS颗粒,发现颗粒的最佳投加量为1.5 kg/m3,投加颗粒的膜运行时间是对照实验运行时间的3倍。颗粒对膜表面泥饼沉积层抑制明显,与对照实验泥饼层重量最大相差290 g,颗粒使膜上泥饼层的分布也不同。颗粒的投加也改变了污泥EPS含量,相比对照实验,多糖、蛋白质含量分别提高了17.2%和8%,污泥粘度提高了17.6%。细格栅与颗粒使MBR对TN、TP去除效果分别提高了8.5%和9.7%,对COD的影响不大。     

Investigating effect of proton-exchange membrane on new air-cathode single-chamber microbial fuel cell configuration for bioenergy recovery from Azorubine dye degradation

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - One of the biggest challenges of using single-chamber microbial fuel cells (MFCs) that utilize proton-exchange membrane (PEM) air cathode for...     

混凝沉淀前处理对丙烯酸丁酯废水陶瓷膜过滤膜污染的影响

采用混凝沉淀-双层滤料过滤-陶瓷膜过滤组合工艺去除丙烯酸丁酯废水中浊度物质。结果表明,废水pH值、混凝药剂投加量、混凝沉淀水力条件不仅对丙烯酸丁酯废水混凝沉淀出水和双层滤料过滤单元出水浊度具有重要影响,而且对后续陶瓷膜过滤单元膜污染均具有重要影响。双层滤料过滤出水浊度与陶瓷膜污染阻力具有明显的正相关关系,双层滤料过滤出水浊度越高,陶瓷膜污染阻力越大。废水pH在7.0~10.0范围内、混凝药剂PAC或PAM投加过量、废水流量过高都会造成双层滤料过滤出水浊度偏高,导致陶瓷膜污染严重。     

Preparation and characterization of glass hollow fiber membrane for water purification applications

This work discusses the preparation and characterizations of glass hollow fiber membranes prepared using zeolite-5A as a starting material. Zeolite was formed into a hollow fiber configuration using the phase inversion technique. It was later sintered at high temperatures to burn off organic materials and change the zeolite into glass membrane. A preliminary study, that used thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), confirmed that zeolite used in this study changed to glass at temperatures above 1000 °C. The glass hollow fiber membranes prepared using the phase inversion technique has three different microstructures, namely (i) sandwich-like structure that originates from inner layer, (ii) sandwich-like that originates from outer layer, and (iii) symmetric sponge like. These variations were influenced by zeolite weight loading and the flow rate of water used to form the lumen. The separation performances of the glass hollow fiber membrane were studied using the pure water permeability and the rejection test of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The glass hollow fiber membrane prepared from using 48 wt% zeolite loading and bore fluid with 9 mL min^?1 flow rate has the highest BSA rejection of 85% with the water permeability of 0.7 L m^?2 h^?1 bar^?1. The results showed that the separation performance of glass hollow fiber membranes was in the ultrafiltration range, enabled the retention of solutes with molecular sizes larger than 67 kDa such as milk proteins, endotoxin pyrogen, virus, and colloidal silica.     

温度对污泥与底泥烧结陶粒性能的影响

研究了温度对污泥与底泥烧结制备陶粒的主要性能(抗压强度、吸水率、比表面积和密度)的影响,并结合电镜扫描(SEM)和热重红外(TG-FTIR)分析对温度影响陶粒的膨胀特性和孔隙结构的机理进行分析。研究发现,随着烧结温度的升高,陶粒比表面积和吸水率降低,而抗压强度和表观密度有所提高。SEM分析表明,温度对烧结体内部形态影响显著:800℃时烧结体呈现出松散堆积状态,1 000℃时陶粒开始产生液相,1 050℃时烧结体出现大量液相,并且陶粒中有非常丰富的气孔。TG-FTIR分析表明,有机物所发生的分解产气反应只能起到轻质化的作用,并不能使陶粒膨胀;1 000℃以上发生产气反应的主要是铁的化合物和固定碳,污泥中有机物形态存在的碳有利于将碳元素保留到陶粒高温烧结阶段,这一过程使得铁的化合物得以与碳元素发生产气反应,对陶粒多孔结构起到重要作用。     

陶瓷烧成中气氛及温度对NOX生成的影响

通过对不同烧成气氛NOX的生成进行测试分析,得出还原气氛可抑制NOX的生成.但在没有催化剂存在的情况下,CO对NO的还原效果不显著;其次,在烧成温度较低(1 200 ℃以下)、高温阶段温度场均匀性较好且使用洁净燃料(即含氮量较小的燃料)的情况下,快速升温将导致NOX生成的增加,此时快速型NOX起主要作用;第三,烧嘴的合理布置、改善窑体结构和加强高温阶段窑内温度场的均匀性可以减少NOX的生成.     

The effect of pre-ozonation on the biocompatibility of reactive dye hydrolysates

Pre-ozonation of 14 different reactive dyestuff hydrolysates at alkaline pH was investigated to assess possible relationships between ozone transfer efficiency, first order decolourization kinetics, release of initially complexed heavy metals and relative changes in the biodegradability of the partially oxidized dye waste samples. Biocompatibility of the raw (untreated) and ozonated dye hydrolysates was comparatively tracked through specific oxygen uptake rate measurements from which the respirometric inhibition of biological activated sludge imparted by raw and ozonated reactive dye wastewater with respect to synthetic domestic wastewater was determined. It could be demonstrated that preliminary ozonation of reactive azo dyes increases their biological compatibility more significantly than formazan copper complex, copper complex azo and phythalocyanine dyes as a consequence of heavy metal release associated with the cleavage of associated chromophoric groupings right at the initial stages of pre-ozonation.     

生物制剂对MBR中无纺布膜组件过滤性能的影响

研究了生物制剂对浸渍式膜生物反应器(submerged membrane bioreactor,SMBR)中聚丙烯无纺布(non-wov-en fabric,NWF)膜组件过滤性能的影响。结果表明,能减少膜组件表面附着污泥胞外聚合物(extra-cellular polymeric sub-stances,EPS)的含量及污泥的沉积,减缓膜通量的衰减速率和膜污染,无纺布膜组件的过滤性能得到明显改善,表现出一定的耐污染性。生物制剂能改善污泥的沉降性能,有效防止污泥膨胀;对MBR的COD去除率基本没有影响,但略微增大了处理水的浊度。     

铁屑过滤+H2O2预处理难降解染料废水的研究

介绍了铁屑过滤+H2O2预处理难降解染料废水实验研究结果.采用铁屑过滤微电解法预处理难降解染料废水,当进水pH为4,停留时间为8 min时,出水BOD5/COD较原水提高0.2-0.3;若在铁屑过滤进水中加入H2O2(30%)8‰投加量,可使废水可生化性得到显著改善,有利于后续采用生化法处理.     

Investigation of filtration artifacts when sampling ambient particulate matter for mutagen assay

An ultra-high volume ambient particulate sampler capable of collecting four identical samples was used to investigate filtration artifacts which may affect mutagen assays. During five sampling episodes variables employed included filter material (glass, quartz, Teflon and Teflon-impregnated glass fiber), sampling interval (3–12 h) and the re-exposure to varying concentrations of gaseous pollutants. Filters were extracted with an equi-volume mixture of dichloromethane, toluene and methanol and extracts subjected to Salmonella /mammalian microsome mutagenicity testing employing strain TA98. From this somewhat limited data set, no large differences were observed which could be attributed to filtration artifacts.     

Responses of the mussel Anodontites trapesialis (Unionidae) to environmental stressors: effect of pH, temperature and metals on filtration rate

To evaluate the suitability of the tropical freshwater mussel Anodontites trapesialis for ecotoxicity assays, we tested the effects of temperature, pH, and Cd, Cu and Zn on its filtration rate. This is a relevant, sensible sublethal endpoint given the ecological role that this mussel plays in Amazonian environments. Filtration rate was calculated from the clearance of algae, fed to mussels at different temperature, pH and metal concentrations. Filtration rate was highest at 20 degrees C and pH 8, and decreased at low temperatures and pH. For all metals clear dose-response relationships were found. Cd exerted the most toxic effects (EC(50filtration) 64microg/L) followed by Cu (605microg/L) and Zn (4064microg/L). Metal mixtures representing present pollution levels clearly affected filtration rates. The results suggest that A. trapesialis is a suitable ecotoxicological test organism for the Amazonian region.     

石油醚为油相的乳状液膜稳定性研究

以石油醚为油相,以聚异丁烯单丁二酰亚胺(T151)、聚异丁烯多丁二酰亚胺(T155)为表面活性剂,制备了W/O(W代表水相,O代表油相,下同)单重乳液和W/O/W多重乳液,并进行了乳状液膜稳定性的研究.以破乳率、泄漏率和表观溶胀率为衡量指标,考察了表面活性剂种类和用量、油水比(油相体积与内水相体积的比)、乳水比(W/O单重乳液的体积与外水相体积的比)、制乳转速等参数对乳状液膜稳定性的影响.结果表明,表面活性剂的用量、油水比、乳水比和制乳转速均存在最佳值,即:(a)T151体积分数6%,油水比1:1,一次制乳转速3 000 r/min,乳水比为1:6,二次制乳转速300 r/min;(b)T155体积分数4%,油水比1:1,一次制乳转速4 000 r/min,乳水比为1:8,二次制乳转速400 r/min,此时的W/O/W多重乳液乳状液膜最稳定.     

Influence of sintering temperature on the characteristics of shale brick containing oil well-derived drilling waste

Introduction  

The influence of sintering temperature on the physico-mechanical characteristics (such as water absorption, apparent porosity, bulk density, weight loss on ignition, firing shrinkage, and compressive strength), leachability, and microstructure of shale brick containing oil well-derived drilling waste (DW) was investigated.