Indirect Determination of Ranitidine Hydrochloride Using a Chloride Ion Selective Electrode

Abstract

A simple, rapid, and reliable potentiometric method is described for determination of ranitidine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations. Experiments were performed to determine the suitability of using a chloride-ion selective electrode for the indirect estimation of ranitidine hydrochloride. The precision and accuracy of the potentiometric method were determined. We found that they not differ significantly. The advantage of the proposed method is the fact that it can be applied without filtration of the drug sample before analysis.     

溶胶-凝胶膜修饰的碘离子选择性电极

用溶胶-凝胶包埋硝酸银制备了碘离子选择性电极.电极对I-离子在10-1~10-7mol/L浓度范围内呈Nernst响应,斜率为58.321 mV/pI-,检测下限为4.6×10-8mol/L,回收率为97.4%~103.2%.     

Selective Determination of Nicorandil with a Single Planar Solid-state Potentiometric Ion Selective Electrode

Novel screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) were constructed for the quantitation of nicorandil (NIC) in its pharmaceutical formulations. Different ion-exchangers and plasticizers were investigated, but the optimal potentiometric response was obtained using nicorandil-phosphotungstate (NIC-PTA) ion associate and tricresyl phosphate as a plasticizer. A Nernstian response of 58.80±1 mV/decade was obtained over a concentration range of (1×10⁻⁶–1×10⁻²) M with 1×10⁻⁵ M as a detection limit. Sensor morphology was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The method was validated for the assay of NIC with high selectivity, accuracy (average recovery=100.54 %), and precision (%RSD≤2).     

Selective Determination of Zn2+ Ion in Various Environmental,Biological and Medicinal Plant Samples Using a Novel Coated Graphite Electrode

Novel Zn²⁺ ion‐selective PVC based coated graphite electrodes were fabricated using the ionophores N‐((1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methylene)thiazol‐2‐amine (I₁), N‐((1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methyl)‐thiazol‐2‐amine (I₂) and 1‐((1H‐indol‐3‐yl)methylene)urea (I₃). Their potentiometric performance was examined in dependence of the addition of plasticizers and anion excluders and compared. It is found that the coated graphite electrode with the composition I₁:KTpClPB:o‐NPOE:PVC=9 : 1.5 : 51 : 38.5 is the best with respect to the wide working concentration range (4.2×10^?8–1.0×10^?1 mol L^?1), low detection limit (1.6×10^?8 mol L^?1) and wide pH range of 3.0–8.0. The proposed electrode was successfully applied to quantify Zn²⁺ in various environmental, biological and medicinal plant samples and used as indicator electrode.     

聚合物／石墨复合材料电极及其在银离子测定中的应用

用石墨粉填充苯乙烯－丙烯腈共聚树脂（ＡＳ树脂），挤出成型，制取ＡＳ树脂／石墨复合导电材料电极．用红外光谱、循环伏安等手段表征了电极的结构及特性．电极对测定Ａｇ＋有较好的选择性、稳定性和再现性，并较一般玻碳电极更易化学修饰     

Potentiometric Membrane Sensor for Determination of Saccharin

A potentiometric poly(vinyl chloride) membrane sensor for determination of saccharin is described. It is based on the use of Aliquat 336S-saccharinateion-pair as an electroactive material in plasticized PVC membranes with o-nitrophenyloctylether or dioctylphthalate. The sensor is conditioned for at least two days in 0.1 mol L⁻¹ sodium saccharinate before use. It exhibits fast, stable and Nernstian response for saccharinate ions over the concentration range of 1.0 × 10⁻¹–5.0 × 10⁻⁵ mol L⁻¹ and pH range of 4.5–11. The sensor is used for determination of saccharin in some dosage forms. Results with an average recovery of 101% and a mean standard deviation of 0.2% are obtained which is compared favourably with data obtained using the British pharmacopoeia method. The sensor shows reasonable selectivity towards saccharin in presence of many anions and natural sweeteners.     

聚合物在离子选择电极上的应用

本文概述了聚合物膜离子选择电极的发展、制备、应用等方面的研究情况。分别对固态膜类和液膜类聚合物膜离子选择电极的优缺点和发展前景进行了分析,并讨论了聚合物在膜电极中的作用,以及聚合物的结构对膜电极性能的影响。     

氟的离子选择电极瞬时电位法测定

研究了氟离子选择电极瞬时电位分析法，其检出限和Nernst响应下限均低于传统电位分析法，空白液切换到试液时瞬时电位达到稳定的峰电位Vp比传统电位法的响应快得多，可以实现小体积试液的快速准确分析；用该法测定了自来水和矿泉水中氟的含量；利用校正曲线的截距和检出限计算了LaF3的溶度积，在0.1mol/L KNO3介质中Ksp(LaF3)=10^-28.45，在0.001mol/L柠檬酸钠＋HAc-NaAc缓冲液（pH=5.50，离子强度I＝0.10mol/L)介质中溶度积K′sp(LaF3)=10^-26.26；据此，计算得柠檬酸与La^3 络合物的稳定常数K1=10^5.46和K2=10^3.99；用离子水合吉氏自由能ΔGh(F^-,g)解释了不同浓度F^-试液瞬时电位的跃迁时间。     

Electroanalytical Studies of Chromone Based Ionophores for the Selective Determination of Arsenite Ion

Two chemosensors 4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxaldehyde, 4‐oxo‐, 3‐(2‐phenylhydrazone), [I₁] and 4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxaldehyde, 4‐oxo‐, 3‐[2‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)hydrazone], [I₂] with hydrazone‐NH group as binding site have been shown excellent selectivity for arsenite ion. It is confirmed by the UV‐vis titration that I₂ is more selective than I₁. The performance of the coated graphite electrode (CGE) was found to be better than polymeric membrane electrode (PME) in terms of linear range of 4.89×10^?7–1.0×10^?1 mol L^?1, low detection limit of 8.31×10^?8 mol L^?1 and short response time. The proposed sensors were also used to determine the arsenite ion in different water samples.     

PVC膜氯离子选择电极的临床应用研究

本文介绍利用功能高分子活性材料,采用熔融压片成膜的方法研制了PVC膜氯离子选择电极,并对电极性能进行测试并做了临床应用试验,结果表明:电极在10~(-1)M Cl~-中稳定性好,响应时间快,在10~(-1)～10~(-4)M Cl~-中电极呈能斯特响应,其斜率为56～57mV/pCl~-。经临床检测血液标本,该电极抗蛋白、脂类、血球能力强,可以满足临床检测的要求。     

Voltammetric Determination of Trace Amounts of Fenitrothion on a Novel Nano-TiO2 Polymer Film Electrode

A novel nano-TiO₂ polymer modified glassy carbon (GC) electrode was developed for the determination of an organophosphorous pesticide, fenitrothion (-NO₂), in citrate buffer solution. The electrochemical behavior of fenitrothion was characterized by using cyclic voltammetry. An irreversible form, -NO₂, was transformed into a reversible redox couple (-NHOH/-NO), and it can be used to determine trace fenitrothion by square wave voltammetry. The experimental parameters, such as film thickness, pH value, accumulation potential and time were optimized. Interestingly, a cyclic voltammetric scan was observed to be more effective than a constant potential for the accumulation of fenitrothion. A linear response over a fenitrothion concentration of 2.5×10^–8 to 1.0×10^–5M was exhibited, with a detection limit of 1.0×10^–8M (S/N=3). The high sensitivity and selectivity of this film electrode was demonstrated by its practical application to the determination of trace amounts of fenitrothion in lake water and apple samples.     

The Determination of Low Levels of Cyanide Ion Using a Silver Responsive Ion Selective Electrode

Abstract

An analysis of the potentiometric titration curves for the silver-cyanide system indicates two possible approaches to the determination of cyanide ion at low levels. Both involve an indirect measurement of the silver ion in equilibrium with argentocyanide complex. These procedures are considerably more sensitive than the conventional method using a “silver iodide” cyanide responsive electrode.     

锇联吡啶氧化还原聚合物膜修饰电极对肾上腺素的电催化氧化及安培检测

 用电化学还原方法制备了一种锇联吡啶氧化还原聚合物(POs-EA)膜修饰电极,并研究了其在磷酸缓冲溶液中的电化学行为和对肾上腺素的电催化氧化作用. 结果表明,该修饰电极表现出较为可逆的伏安响应并对肾上腺素的电化学氧化具有良好的电催化性能. 与裸金电极相比, POs-EA膜修饰电极大大提高了肾上腺素的峰电流,降低了肾上腺素的氧化峰电位. 初步探讨了该电极上肾上腺素的电催化氧化机理. 通过检测外加电位为0.29 V时的氧化电流对肾上腺素进行检测,结果表明,其氧化电流和肾上腺素的浓度在5×10-8～1×10-5 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系,检测限可达1.5×10-8 mol/L.     

The Determination of Sodium in Alumina Using a Sodium Selective Ion Electrode

Abstract

A method has been developed for the determination of sodium in alumina using a selective ion electrode. The alumina sample is dissolved in ammonium hydrogen fluoride in platinum crucibles or sintered with boric acid using either platinum, nickel, or zirconium crucibles. Either dissolution technique completely extracts all available sodium. After dissolution, and in the presence of citrate to prevent aluminum hydroxide precipitation, the pH is adjusted to 8.7 with ammonium hydroxide, and the sodium concentration is determined by a sodium selective ion electrode.     

Determination of Formaldehyde by Argento-Metric Potentiometric Titration Using an Iodide-ion Selective Electrode

Abstract

An argentometric potentiometric method for the precise determination of formaldehyde using an iodide -ion electrode is described. Formaldehyde was determined by titrating the iodide-ion generated by the reaction with iodine in an alkaline medium. The accuracy and precision were better than 0.1% under the optimum condition.     

Analytical Study of a Picrate Ion Selective Membrane Electrode Using Chloride as Reference Anion

Abstract

A series of anion selective electrodes of the liquid membrane type have been examined with respect to selectivity characteristics. The resulting selectivity data are examined in terms of theory of liquid membrane electrodes and correlations are made with extraction constants.     

离子选择性电极测定食品中的硒

以硒的难溶化合物为电活性物质,自行研制了一种测定硒的离子选择性电极。研究表明,该电极对Se2-的线性响应范围为6×10-7～10-4mol/L,工作曲线的斜率为27.3mV(19℃),检出限为3.5×10-7mol/L,电极的选择性比较高,常见离子对测定无明显干扰,可用于食品中硒的测定。     

聚氯乙烯膜盐酸地尔硫卓离子选择电极测定盐酸地尔硫卓

制备了一种以盐酸地尔硫卓与碘汞酸盐形成的缔合物为电活性物质的聚氯乙烯膜盐酸地尔硫卓选择电极,并对其性能做了测定,结果显示该电极对盐酸地尔硫卓有较好的能斯特响应。盐酸地尔硫卓的线性范围为4.5×10~(-2)～1.0×10~(-4)mol·L~(-1),检出限为3.55×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1)。该电极用于盐酸地尔硫卓片剂的分析,结果与药典法结果相符。     

Potentiometric Study of Coated Graphite Electrode and Polymeric Membrane Electrode for the Determination of Sm3+ Ion

Preliminary studies on the two Schiff bases N2‐((3H‐indol‐3‐yl)methylene)‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine (L₁) and N2,N4‐bis((3H‐indol‐3‐yl)methylene)‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazine‐2,4‐diamine (L₂) have shown that they can act as Sm³⁺ selective electrodes. The performances of a polymeric membrane electrode and a coated graphite electrode based on L₂ were compared and the CGE proved to be better, as it shows a low detection limit of 1.8×10^?8 mol L^?1, a Nernstian slope of 19.6±0.4 mV decade^?1 of activity with a response time of 11 s in the pH range of 3.0–9.0. The CGE was used to determine Sm³⁺ in medicinal plants and soil samples. It was also used to determine fluoride ions in mouthwash samples and in toothpaste.