1，3，4-噻二唑衍生物的合成和生物活性研究进展

1,3,4一噻二唑类杂环化合物不仅具有优良的杀虫,除草,抗植物病毒,杀菌、抗菌等多种生物活性,而且具有选择性好,活性高,毒性低,环境相溶性好等优点。故在医药和农药的研究和开发当中发挥着重要作用。习前,1,3,4-噻二唑类化合物已成为研制新农药的一个活跃领域,受到人们的广泛关注。因此,对具有杀菌活性的1,3,4-噻二唑化合物的分子设计、合成方法及其生物活性研究成为绿色新农药及药物研究的一个热点。文章对近年来的相关研究工作作一综述介绍。     

Derivatives of Trimethoxybenzoic Acid and Gallic Acid as Potential Efflux Pump Inhibitors: In Silico and In Vitro Studies

The overexpression of efflux pumps is one of the strategies used by bacteria to resist antibiotics and could be targeted to circumvent the antibiotic crisis. In this work, a series of trimethoxybenzoic acid derivatives previously described as antifouling compounds was explored for potential antimicrobial activity and efflux pump (EP) inhibition. First, docking studies on the acridine resistance proteins A and B coupled to the outer membrane channel TolC (AcrAB-TolC) efflux system and a homology model of the quinolone resistance protein NorA EP were performed on 11 potential bioactive trimethoxybenzoic acid and gallic acid derivatives. The synthesis of one new trimethoxybenzoic acid derivative (derivative 13) was accomplished. To investigate the potential of this series of 11 derivatives as antimicrobial agents, and in reverting drug resistance, the minimum inhibitory concentration was determined on several strains (bacteria and fungi), and synergy with antibiotics and EP inhibition were investigated. Derivative 10 showed antibacterial activity against the studied strains, derivatives 5 and 6 showed the ability to inhibit EPs in the acrA gene inactivated mutant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344, and 6 also inhibited EPs in Staphylococcus aureus 272123. Structure-activity relationships highlighted trimethoxybenzoic acid as important for EP inhibitory activity. Although further studies are necessary, these results show the potential of simple trimethoxybenzoic acid derivatives as a source of feasible EP inhibitors.     

Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity Evaluation of Imidazole-Fused Imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole Analogues

Three series of new imidazole-fused imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole analogues (compounds 20 a – g , 21 a – g , and 22 a – g ) have been synthesized, and their antibacterial and antifungal activities have been evaluated. All the target compounds showed strong antifungal activity and high selectivity for the test fungus Candida albicans over Gram-positive and -negative bacteria. N-((4-(2-Cyclopropyl-6-(4-fluorophenyl)imidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazol-5-yl)-5-(6-methyl-pyridin-2-yl)-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl)aniline ( 21 a ) showed the highest activity against C. albicans (MIC₅₀=0.16 μg/mL), 13 and three times that of the positive control compounds gatifloxacin and fluconazole, respectively. Compounds 21 a and 20 e did not show cytotoxicity against human foreskin fibroblast-1 cells, and compound 21 a was as safe as the positive control compounds in hemolysis tests. These results strongly suggest that some of the compounds produced in this work have value for development as antifungal agents.     

阿魏酸双苄酯的合成及生物活性研究

摘要：以DMSO为溶剂,以阿魏酸与氯化苄在碱性条件下反应,合成了阿魏酸双苄酯,产率为94．32％、纯度为98．5％。通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、质谱及X-单晶衍射对产物结构进行了表征。用微量量热法证明了阿魏酸双苄酯对大肠杆菌具有一定的抑制作用,其最小抑茵浓度（MIC）为29．81btg·mL-1。通过紫外光谱、荧光光谱和粘度测定研究了阿魏酸双苄酯与ct-DNA的相互作用,证明其作用方式为经典插入方式,对ct-DNA的猝灭是由于形成复合物所引起的静态猝灭,与ct-DNA的结合常数为1．58×10。L·mol-1。     

Synthesis of Four Steroidal Carbamates with Antitumor Activity against Mouse Colon Carcinoma CT26WT Cells: In Vitro and In Silico Evidence

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide. If detected on time, surgery can expand life expectations of patients up to five more years. However, if metastasis has grown deliberately, the use of chemotherapy can play a crucial role in CRC control. Moreover, the lack of selectivity of current anticancer drugs, plus mutations that occur in cancerous cells, demands the development of new chemotherapeutic agents. Several steroids have shown their potentiality as anticancer agents, while some other compounds, such as Taxol and its derivatives bearing a carbamate functionality, have reached the market. In this article, the synthesis, characterization, and antiproliferative activity of four steroidal carbamates on mouse colon carcinoma CT26WT cells are described. Carbamate synthesis occurred via direct reaction between diosgenin, its B-ring modified derivative, and testosterone with phenyl isocyanate under a Brønsted acid catalysis. All obtained compounds were characterized by ¹H and ¹³C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HRMS); their melting points are also reported. Results obtained from antiproliferative activity assays indicated that carbamates compounds have inhibitory effects on the growth of this colon cancer cell line. A molecular docking study carried out on Human Prostaglandin E Receptor (EP4) showed a high affinity between carbamates and protein, thus providing a valuable theoretical explanation of the in vitro results.     

Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Mulberry Leaf Flavonoids In Vitro and In Vivo

Mulberry (Morus alba L.) is a flowering tree traditionally used in Chinese herbal medicine. Mulberry leaf flavonoids (MLFs) have been reported to exert important anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to select the MLF with the best anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities from MLFs eluted by different ethanol concentrations (30%, 50%, and 75%) and explore its pharmacological properties. Three types of MLFs inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. All MLFs boosted the antioxidative capacity by decreasing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the scavenging of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicals and improving the metal ion chelating activity and reducing power. The results revealed that the MLFs eluted by 30% ethanol exhibited the best anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. A nontargeted metabolomic analysis was used to analyze 24 types of differential flavonoids between the MLFs. Quercetin, kaempferol, and their derivatives in 30%MLF were more abundant than the other two MLFs. Furthermore, we evaluated the pharmacological activities of 30%MLF in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. The 30%MLF could alleviate the clinical symptoms, reduce the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, and inhibit the activation of the inflammatory pathway in DSS-induced colitis mice. This study will provide valuable information for the development of MLFs eluted by 30% ethanol as a functional food.     

Involvement of a Hydrophobic Pocket and Helix 11 in Determining the Modes of Action of Prenylated Flavonoids and Isoflavonoids in the Human Estrogen Receptor

Six prenylated (iso)flavonoids were purified from a licorice root extract and subjected to competition experiments with six commercially available (iso)flavonoids. The agonistic and antagonistic activities of these compounds towards both hERα (human estrogen receptor alpha) and hERβ were determined. Differences in the modes of action (agonist or antagonist) were observed for the various compounds tested. In general, each compound had the same mode of action towards both ERs. In silico modeling was performed in order to study the differences in estrogenicity observed between the compounds. It is suggested that prenyl chains fit into a hydrophobic pocket present in the hER, resulting in an increased agonistic activity. In addition, it was shown that an increase in length (≈1.7 Å) of pyran prenylated isoflavonoids resulted in an antagonistic mode of action. This might be caused by collision of the pyran ring with helix 11 in the ligand binding cavity of the hER.     

磺酰脲衍生物的合成及生物活性

分别以苯甲酸、4-氯苯甲酸为原料,经过酯化、再与水合肼反应、对4-甲基苯磺酰异氰酸酯进行亲核加成等反应,设计合成了两种苯磺酰脲衍生物,通过^1H NMR表征确定其结构。初步试验表明：化合物2在浓度为5mg／L时对双子叶型植物具有较好的除草效果,但对单子叶植物几乎无抑制作用。     

水溶性壳聚糖稀土配合物的合成、表征及其抑菌性研究

以水溶性壳聚糖(CS)与稀土离子La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+和Dy3+在常温和pH值为4~5的条件下制备了水溶性壳聚糖稀土配合物CS-La, CS-Nd, CS-Sm, CS-Eu和CS-Dy. 并运用FT-IR, UV和TG-DTA对其配合物进行表征,并研究了配体和配合物的热稳定性及配合物的抑菌活性. 结果表明,5种配合物均有选择性抑菌性能;其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有很好的抑菌作用;其对5种菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为120~500 mg/mL,低于800 mg/mL,且抑菌效果明显优于单独的壳聚糖和稀土硝酸盐. CS-Sm对大肠杆菌的抑菌性最好,MIC为125 mg/mL;而CS-Nd和CS-Sm对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌性最强,MIC均为120 mg/mL.     

过渡金属组氨酸水杨醛Schiff碱配合物的合成及生物活性

合成了四种组氨酸水杨醛$chiff碱过渡金属配合物[Cu(His-Sal)、Ni(His-sal)、Co(His-Sal)、Mn(His-Sal),His=组氨酸,Sal=水杨醛],其结构经UV、IR,元素分析,摩尔电导分析表征.荧光光谱表明四种配合物都能强烈猝灭BSA的内源荧光.生物活性实验表明配合物对金黄色葡萄球菌...     

Synthesis,Characterization and In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Coordination Polymers Based on Bis Bidentate Ligand

A novel bis (bidentate) ligand, namely 5, 5′- (2, 2′- (phenyl azanediyl) bis (ethane-2, 1 - diyl) bis (oxy) bis (methylene) diquinolin ?8 - ol) (PBEQ), was synthesized by condensation of 5 –chloromethyl ?8 - hydroxyquinoline hydrochloride with N, N – Di (2 - hydroxy ethyl) aniline in the presence of a base catalyst. This ligand was characterized by IR, ¹H-NMR, and elemental analysis. Coordination polymers of this bis-ligand (PBEQ) were prepared with Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Mn(II), and Zn(II) metal ions. All of these coordination polymers were characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectral and diffuse reflectance spectral studies. The thermal stability was evaluated by thermogravimetric analyses. In addition, all of the coordination polymers have been characterized by their magnetic susceptibilities. The microbicidal activity of all the samples has been monitored against plant pathogens.     

含苯并噻唑环的硫脲类化合物的合成、晶体结构及抑菌活性研究

以取代苯甲酸为原料合成了一系列含苯并噻唑环的硫脲类化合物,其中有8个为新型化合物,化合物结构均经元素分析、IR、1HNMR表征.采用X-射线单晶衍射测定了N-(2-溴苯甲酰基)-N'-(4-甲基苯并噻唑-2-基)硫脲的晶体结构,该晶体属于三斜晶系,P1空间群,晶胞参数a=0.741 68(7) nm,b=1.088 71(10) nm,c=1.206 82(11) nm,α=103.504(8)°,β=106.632(8)°,γ=108.278(8)°,V=0.828 74(13)nm3,Dc=1.628 Mg/m3,μ=2.738 mm-1,Z =2,F(000)=408,最终偏差因子R1=0.030 4,wR2 =0.075 6[I＞2σ(I)],S=1.048,CCDC号为1471387.选择广西主要经济作物(水稻、甘蔗、番茄、木薯、龙眼、荔枝)中常见的病原菌,对目标化合物进行室内抑菌活性测试,结果发现该类化合物具有一定的抑菌活性.     

吡啶联异噁唑啉类杂环衍生物的合成及生物活性

以2-氯-5-氯甲基吡啶为原料,合成了12个吡啶联异噁唑啉类杂环衍生物(Ⅸa～l),其结构经~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR、MS及IR确证。体外抗菌活性测试结果表明,所得目标化合物对金黄色葡萄球菌(ATCC25923)、肺炎链球菌(ATCC49619)和粪肠球菌(ATCC29212)均有抑制作用。其中,化合物Ⅸf和Ⅸl对金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)均为16 mg/L,对肺炎链球菌和粪肠球菌的MIC均为32 mg/L,抗菌效果最佳;体外驱虫活性测试结果表明:目标化合物均有驱虫效果,在质量浓度2 g/L下化合物Ⅸa～b和Ⅸg～h对蚯蚓的麻痹时间和死亡时间均明显少于阿苯达唑,驱虫效果明显强于阿苯达唑。     

N,N-二甲基十四烷基对乙烯基苄基氯化铵的合成及抑菌性能研究

以对乙烯基苄基氯和N,N-二甲基十四烷基叔胺(14DMA)为原料,合成了含有乙烯基的低毒高效的新型抗菌剂N,N-二甲基十四烷基对乙烯基苄基氯化铵。通过单因素实验确定优化的合成条件为:反应温度40～60℃、对乙烯基苄基氯与14DMA摩尔比1∶1.2、反应时间3h、20mL石油醚作溶剂、0.01g铜作催化剂,在此条件下产物收率达82.57%。产物的结构通过IR、1 HNMR确证。采用抑菌圈法研究了产物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌的抑菌活性,结果表明其抑菌效果良好。     

含二茂铁基吡唑啉的合成及其抗真菌活性

以二茂铁为起始原料,首先用合成的乙酰基二茂铁与醛反应,合成1-二茂铁基-3-(4-R1苯基)-2-丙烯酮,然后再与水合肼反应合成吡唑啉,最后通过与酰氯反应生成一系列N-酰基-3-二茂铁基-5-芳基吡唑啉化合物。通过1HNMR、FTIR及ESI-HRMS进行了目标化合物结构的表征;最后,将合成的吡唑啉化合物分别对4种植物真菌病（小麦赤霉病、马铃薯干腐病、烟草赤星病、西瓜枯萎病）进行了初步的抗植物真菌活性实验,测试结果显示,部分化合物具有良好的抗植物真菌活性。     

阿魏酸环己酯的合成及其抑菌活性研究

以对甲基苯磺酸为催化剂,催化阿魏酸与环己醇反应,直接酯化合成阿魏酸环己酯。采用单因素优选法,对醇酸比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响进行了讨论。通过紫外光谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、质谱及X-单晶衍射等方法对产物进行了表征。并通过微量量热法对阿魏酸环己酯对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性进行了研究。     

Zinc Coordination Compounds with Benzimidazole Derivatives: Synthesis,Structure, Antimicrobial Activity and Potential Anticancer Application

Developing new, smart drugs with the anticancer activity is crucial, especially for cancers, which cause the highest mortality in humans. In this paper we describe a series of coordination compounds with the element of health, zinc, and bioactive ligands, benzimidazole derivatives. By way of synthesis we have obtained four compounds named C1, C2, C4 and C4. Analytical analyses (elemental analysis (EA), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS)), spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), mass spectrometry (MS)) and thermogravimetric (TG) methods and the definition of crystal structures were used to explore the nature of bonding and to elucidate the chemical structures. The collected analytical data allowed the determination of the stoichiometry in coordination compounds, thermal stability, crystal structure and way of bonding. The cytotoxicity effect of the new compounds as a potential antitumor agent on the glioblastoma (T98G), neuroblastoma (SK-N-AS) and lung adenocarcinoma (A549) cell lines and human normal skin fibroblasts (CCD-1059Sk) was also determined. Cell viability was determined by the MTT assay. The results obtained confirmed that conversion of ligands into the respective metal complexes significantly improved their anticancer properties. The complexes were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. The ADME technique was used to determine the physicochemical and biological properties.     

含1,3,4-噻二唑的噻吩类化合物的合成与杀菌活性研究

设计并合成了8个未见报道的含1,3,4-噻二唑的噻吩类化合物6a~6h,其结构经1H NMR、13C NMR、MS、IR分析确证。初步生物测试结果表明:目标化合物对黄瓜灰霉病、水稻纹枯病、马铃薯晚疫有一定的抑制作用。     

中氮茚并喹啉二酮衍生物的合成、表征及抗菌活性

以自制的6,7-二氯喹啉-5,8-二酮为原料,经一步反应合成了目标化合物9-氯-5,12-二酮-5,12-二氢中氮茚并[2,3-g]喹啉-6-甲酸乙酯,并通过1HNMR 、HRMS以及X-射线单晶衍射对其结构进行表征.活性测试结果表明,该化合物对革兰氏阳性菌具有选择性抑制作用,对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为1μg/mL,优于阳性对照药物万古霉素.通过化合物与DNA促旋酶的分子对接实验进一步说明了化合物可能的作用机理.     

哌嗪基[口恶]唑烷酮类衍生物的合成及其体外抗菌活性研究

以S-环氧氯丙烷和3,4-二氟硝基苯为原料,设计并合成了12个哌嗪取代[口恶]唑烷酮类化合物,其结构均经高分辨1HNMR和MS确认。以利奈唑胺为参照物,对合成的化合物进行了金黄色葡萄球菌、链球菌和大肠杆菌的体外抗菌实验,结果表明,合成的化合物有一定抗菌活性,但活性均明显低于利奈唑胺。