HRBF500钢筋混凝土柱的受压试验研究

通过对9根钢筋混凝土轴心受压柱和10根钢筋混凝土偏心受压柱进行单向加载试验研究分析,该文建议HRBF500钢筋在轴心受压柱和偏心受压柱中的强度设计值取为f y′=fy=420MPa;由试验数据可知,偏压构件的裂缝宽度值要相对小于受弯构件的裂缝宽度值,建议将规范公式中的钢筋混凝土偏压构件受力特征系数进行折减,提出了构件受力特征系数的建议值,为我国混凝土结构设计规范进一步修订时列入500MPa级钢筋提供了参考依据。     

对矩形截面双向偏心钢筋混凝土受压柱强度计算公式的探讨

本文在文[1]的基础上,将单向偏心受压钢筋混凝土柱扩展为双向偏心受压钢筋混凝土柱的计算。避免了现行规范TJ_■-74中双向偏心受压钢筋混凝土柱计算的不直接性和与单向偏心受压钢筋铜凝土柱的不连续性。文中给出了实例,並用Bresler的经典方法进行了验算得到了满意的结果。文中采用0.618双因素优选法並编制了BASIC程序,可以在微机上实现。     

The effects of cross-sectional shape and loading condition on performance of reinforced concrete members confined with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers

This paper presents results of an experimental study to investigate the effect of the cross-sectional shape on the structural performance of reinforced concrete (RC) members confined with Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) under various loading conditions. A total of 32 specimens were tested. Test parameters included the cross-sectional shape: circular, square, and rectangular with two different aspect ratios, and the loading condition. The loading condition included concentric loading, eccentric loading with two different eccentricity-to-section-height ratios of 0.46 and 0.6, and pure bending. The level of the CFRP-confinement in the strengthened specimens and the slenderness ratio of the eccentrically loaded members were kept constant. Test results indicated that the CFRP-confinement effectively improved the load capacity and ductility under concentric loading. The gains in load capacity and ductility of the concentrically loaded members were greatly affected by the cross-sectional shape, ranging from 23% to 44% increase in load capacity and 250% to 350% increase in axial deformation for the rectangular and circular cross-sections, respectively. The CFRP-confinement also improved the performance of the eccentrically loaded members but to a lower extent with an increase in load capacity ranging from 18% to 28%, and in ductility, measured by the lateral displacement capacity, ranging from 43% to 120%. For the level of confinement and eccentricity ratios used in this study, the cross-sectional shape had a slight effect on the ductility of the eccentrically loaded members where rectangular cross-sections exhibited lower gain in ductility relative to the square and circular cross-sections, but it had no noticeable effect on the gain in load capacity under eccentric loading. For the members of pure bending, the CFRP-confinement had no significant effect on the flexural capacity but resulted in a remarkable improvement in the member ductility, ranging from 340% to 460% increase in deflection capacity of the members with the rectangular and square cross-sections, respectively.     

Analysis of rectangular cross sections under double eccentric compression stress

Double eccentrically loaded cross‐sections with failing tension zone occur both in foundation engineering and in masonry building. The case of walls or columns loaded with double eccentricity by a normal force was no longer covered under the global safety concept of DIN 1053‐1 and is thus not normally considered in practice. With the transition to the semi‐probabilistic safety concept, verification of the cross‐section at the limit state of loadbearing capacity is performed near or at the failure state. This also made it necessary as part of the introduction of EN 1996‐1‐1 to introduce a verification for double eccentrically loaded cross‐sections. The present article considers the non‐linear stress distribution in double eccentrically loaded cross‐sections and the resulting position of the neutral axis. The described process is numerically robust and can be implemented with little effort for the analysis of masonry as an Excel spreadsheet.     

Load‐bearing capacity of slender unreinforced masonry compression members under biaxial bending

Dedicated to Prof. Dr.‐Ing. Carl‐Alexander Graubner on the occasion of his 60th birthday Masonry members have to resist vertical loads and bending moments about the weak axis due to rotation of adjacent slabs. If the compression member is part of the bracing system, there are also bending moments about the strong axis. This paper deals with the load‐bearing capacity of biaxially eccentrically compressed unreinforced compression members with rectangular cross‐sections. For linear‐elastic material, the principles of an analytical model is presented, which considers geometrical and physical (cracking) non‐linearity. The deflections of the wall can be determined by using moment‐curvature relations, making possible the analytical analysis of compression members considering the effects of 2nd order theory. For a non‐linear stress‐strain relation, the calculation of the load carrying capacity of rectangular compression members under biaxial bending is complex and has to be determined numerically. The good accordance of the results of the analytical model with the numeric calculations is also shown for various eccentricities. In addition, a simplified proposal for the calculation of the load‐bearing capacity of biaxially eccentrically compressed unreinforced compression members is shown. The proposal is based on the load‐bearing capacity of uniaxially eccentrically compressed unreinforced compression members. Therefore it is possible to use the proposal considering existing models, for example according to Eurocode 2 or 6.     

沿截面高度均匀配筋的钢筋混凝土偏心受压构件的配筋计算

新的混凝土结构设计规范(第二次送审稿)(以下简称新规范),给出了沿截面高度均匀配置纵向钢筋的矫形、T形、I字形截面钢筋混凝土偏心受压构件的正截面强度计算的近似公式,但是,如果构件属于小偏心受压构件,则在具体计算受拉区、受压区的钢筋面积时,首先需要求解相对中和轴高度ξ的三次方程,计算十分复杂。本文讨论了沿截面高度均匀配筋的偏心受压构件的各种计算情况,推导出了便于进行配筋计算的计算公式。对于小偏心受压构件,则应用“分区降阶逼近法”来求解ξ值。文中计算公式,可供工程设计人员实际应用。     

Structural behaviour of fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) strengthened concrete columns under eccentric loading

The structural behaviour of eccentrically loaded reinforced concrete columns with rectangular cross sections strengthened with a cement based composite materials wrapping system, is analysed in the paper, both experimentally and analytically.The main issues focussed in the paper were: i) the effectiveness of the cement based wrapping systems to improve the strength of the reinforced concrete columns, ii) the influence of the load eccentricity and the reinforcement ratio on the structural response of wrapped columns, iii) the prediction, by an analytical procedure, of the structural behaviour of wrapped columns.A total of 8 reinforced concrete columns with end corbels, wrapped with fabric meshes of PBO (short of Polypara-phenylene-benzo-bisthiazole) fibers embedded into a cement based matrix (PBO-FRCM system), were tested varying both the reinforcement ratio, ρ_f, and the eccentricity-to-section height ratio (e/h). The influence of mechanical and geometrical parameters on the structural response of wrapped columns was analysed in terms of failure modes, strength and ductility.To predict the structural response of wrapped columns, a non linear second-order analysis that takes into account the changes in geometry caused by lateral deformations is, also, developed. Theoretical results were compared with experimental ones to validate the effectiveness of the proposed procedure.     

Effects of steel fiber addition on the behaviour of biaxially loaded high strength concrete columns

This paper presents the effects of various amounts of steel fibers on the behaviour of eccentrically loaded high strength reinforced concrete columns. A total of 14 both short and slender square section steel fiber and plain high strength reinforced concrete column specimens were constructed and tested to investigate the addition of steel fibers on load–deflection behaviour, ultimate strength capacity, ductility and confinement. The complete nonlinear experimental stress–strain relationships of steel fiber and plain high strength concrete were obtained for different concrete strengths. In the study, a theoretical procedure considering the nonlinear behaviour of the materials is proposed for ultimate strength analysis and load–deflection behaviour of eccentrically loaded columns including slenderness effect. The complete experimental and theoretical biaxial load–deflection curves of the column specimens have been obtained and reported in the paper. The column specimens and some steel fiber columns available in the literature have been analysed for the ultimate strength capacities. Good agreement has been achieved between the analysis and the test results.     

负载下外包钢筋混凝土加固轴心受压钢柱受力性能研究

该文以试验研究、有限元模拟以及理论分析相结合的方法研究了负载下外包钢筋混凝土加固轴心受压钢柱的受力性能以及承载力计算方法。通过试验与有限元模拟分析,研究了轴心受压钢结构构件负载下外包钢筋混凝土加固后的性能,以及初始负载大小、混凝土强度和型钢强度对加固试件极限承载力的影响。研究表明,外包钢筋混凝土可以显著提高原钢构件的承载能力和刚度;加固后试件的极限承载力随着初始负载的增大而降低;随着型钢强度的提高而增大;混凝土强度是影响加固后试件极限承载力的最主要因素,加固后试件的极限承载力随着混凝土强度的提高而明显增大。根据分析试验数据和有限元分析结果,得到了混凝土强度对加固后试件极限承载力影响的量化结果。同时,通过分析加固时和破坏时构件各部分的应力应变状态,推导出负载下外包钢筋混凝土加固轴心受压钢柱的承载力计算公式,其计算结果与试验结果吻合良好。     

细长偏心受压钢筋混凝土杆件的强度失效及稳定失效极限承载力分析

在研究了细长偏心受压钢筋混凝土杆件强度失效及稳定失效规律的基础上,明确了钢筋混凝土偏心压杆在考虑二阶效应和不考虑二阶效应时的非线性强度失效特征及设计准则;并通过非线性有限元模拟分析,给出了细长钢筋混凝土压杆的极限承载力表达式以及由此确定的双控设计法。     

既有钢筋混凝土桥梁构件抗力模糊随机时变概率模型研究

构件的抗力概率模型是进行桥梁结构时变可靠性研究的基础之一。既有钢筋混凝土桥梁材料的老化与损伤情况复杂使其抗力同时具有随机性、模糊性和时变性是一个模糊随机过程。在分析影响既有钢筋混凝土桥梁构件抗力不确定性因素的基础上,考虑桥梁在服役过程中的耐久性损伤对构件抗力的影响,在常规方法只能考虑抗力随机时变性基础上,进一步考虑模糊性,结合实测数据和现有资料建立了既有钢筋混凝土桥梁中混凝土强度、钢筋截面积和钢筋强度模糊随机时变模型,进而研究了在不修复情况下桥梁构件抗力模糊时变概率模型,分析了抗力平均值和标准差随时间和阈值变化的规律,并以受弯构件为例给出了具体分析过程和结果。     

钢筋混凝土偏压构件考虑徐变的非线性分析

本文对长期荷载作用下钢筋混凝土偏心受压柱的内力和变形进行了试验和理论研究。在试验的基础上,提出了混凝上非线性徐变模式。采用增量法和迭代法,通过计算机分析了受长期荷载作用下钢筋混凝土偏压柱的内力和变形的变化全过程。计算中考虑了材料的非线性、细长构件的二次弯矩作用以及变形和内力的重分布。试验和理论计算的结果符合较好。     

轴力及双向弯矩下钢筋混凝土截面新型快速应力积分算法

轴力和双向弯矩作用下钢筋混凝土构件正截面极限承载力分析需要通过迭代调整截面中性轴的位置和方向以使截面应力积分与给定的外荷载满足平衡条件。为提高截面应力积分的计算效率和求解精度,提出了一种新型快速应力积分算法。考虑到混凝土应力-应变曲线为分段函数的特点,该方法基于迭代步中的应变分布将截面单元分解为多个积分子域,并通过二次等参映射和高斯数值积分方法对各子域进行应力积分。该方法在迭代过程中无需对初始网格信息做任何修改,可适用于任意形状的钢筋混凝土构件正截面极限承载力分析。通过算例分析,考察了方法的计算效率和有效性。     

Guidelines for flexural resistance of FRP reinforced concrete slabs and beams in fire

Several building codes are currently available for the design of concrete structures reinforced with fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars. Nevertheless, there is little information provided about structural behavior in case of fire and no reliable design methods are available for FRP reinforced concrete (RC) members in fire. The goal of this paper is to provide guidelines for the calculation of the resistant bending moment of FRP-RC members exposed to fire in compliance with the provisions of Eurocodes, based on studies recently carried out by the authors. The paper provides a conceptual approach to fire safety checks for bending moment resistance of FRP-RC members. With reference to thermo-mechanical analysis, a simplified design method (for both thermal and mechanical analyses) for sagging bending moment resistance of FRP-RC slabs in fire situations is finally suggested.     

Strengthening of RC beams with epoxy-bonded fibre-composite materials

Strengthening of concrete beams with externally bonded fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) materials appears to be a feasible way of increasing the load-carrying capacity and stiffness characteristics of existing structures. FRP-strengthened concrete beams can fail in several ways when loaded in bending. The following collapse mechanisms are identified and analysed in this study: steel yield-FRP rupture, steel yield-concrete crushing, compressive failure, and debonding. Here we obtain equations describing each failure mechanism using the strain compatibility method, concepts of fracture mechanics and a simple model for the FRP peeling-off debonding mechanism due to the development of shear cracks. We then produce diagrams showing the beam designs for which each failure mechanism is dominant, examine the effect of FRP sheets on the ductility and stiffness of strengthened components, and give results of four-point bending tests confirming our analysis. The analytical results obtained can be used in establishing an FRP selection procedure for external strengthening of reinforced concrete members with lightweight and durable materials.     

型钢再生混凝土偏压柱受力性能试验及承载力计算

为了研究型钢再生混凝土柱在偏心压力作用下的力学性能,设计9个试件进行偏心受压单调加载试验,考虑了再生骨料取代率、相对偏心距2个变化参数。通过试验,观察了该类新型构件的受力破坏过程及形态,获取了应力分布、变形情况、极限承载力、荷载-变形全过程曲线、再生混凝土受压破坏极限压应变值等重要数据;并分析了取代率和相对偏心距对试件极限承载力的影响规律。研究结果表明:型钢再生混凝土柱的偏压破坏过程及形态与一般型钢混凝土柱相似,根据偏心距的不同,表现为大偏心受压破坏和小偏心受压破坏两种形态,试件极限承载力随着相对偏心距的增大而减小,而再生骨料取代率的变化对承载力的影响作用不明显。基于修正平截面假定推导了型钢再生混凝土偏压柱的正截面极限承载力计算公式,计算值与试验值吻合较好。     

钢筋网高延性混凝土加固砖柱偏心受压性能试验及计算方法研究

通过27个钢筋网高延性混凝土(HDC)面层加固砖柱的偏心受压试验,研究了不同偏心距荷载作用下加固砖柱的破坏形态和受力性能,并对荷载-位移曲线、极限承载力以及砖柱截面应变进行了分析。结果表明:钢筋网HDC面层与砌体具有良好的协调工作能力,可大幅度提高砖柱的承载力和变形能力,改善了砖柱的脆性破坏特征,并且提高了砖柱的整体性;随偏心距增大,砖柱的承载力逐渐降低,但初始偏心距并未削弱钢筋网HDC面层的加固效果。考虑HDC的抗拉作用,并对加固层的应力进行计算简化,得到钢筋网HDC面层加固偏心受压砖柱的承载力计算公式,与试验结果吻合较好。分析了二次受力对砖柱承载力的影响,给出了不同初始偏心荷载作用下的HDC抗压强度利用系数,可供加固设计参考使用。     

部分预制装配型钢混凝土柱火灾后偏压试验研究

通过6个试件的火灾后偏压试验以及1个试件的常温下偏压试验,对配置活性粉末混凝土外壳的部分预制装配型钢混凝土（Partially Precast Steel Reinforced Concrete,PPSRC）柱和空心预制装配型钢混凝土（HollowPrecast Steel Reinforced Concrete,HPSRC）柱的火灾及火灾后偏压性能进行了对比分析。研究了受火时间、偏心率和核心混凝土强度对PPSRC柱及HPSRC柱的火灾下内部温度分布及火灾后剩余承载力、变形能力等方面的影响,并基于试验结构,对火灾下试件截面温度场进行了数值模拟分析。试验结果表明:火灾升温过程中试件截面测点温度存在明显的温度平台,火灾后试件的活性粉末混凝土外壳未发生爆裂现象,混凝土对型钢具有较好保护作用;模拟结果表明,截面温度及温度变化幅度由表及里逐渐降低,核心混凝土受到良好保护作用,温度相对较低;在偏压荷载下,火灾后试件的偏心受压破坏过程以及破坏形态和常温下类似,剩余承载力随火灾升温时间的增长和偏心率的增大而降低,随核心混凝土强度的增大而升高,试件的延性随核心混凝土的强度增大而增大。     

Mechanical properties of steel fibre reinforced concrete exposed at high temperatures

Steel fibre reinforced concrete (SFRC) is an advanced cementitious composite where fibres can act as a profitable replacement for diffused reinforcement, like welded steel mesh, especially for thin cross sections. In this case fire becomes a very important condition in the design. Previous experimental research has shown the benefits in fire resistance of steel fibres, when structural elements are bent. A careful mechanical characterization of a SFRC used for prefabrication after thermal cycles at high temperature is here presented. Three different tests are considered: four point bending, uniaxial compression and fixed-end uniaxial tension. In the paper the decay of peak and post-cracking strengths versus temperature increase for uniaxial compression, uniaxial tension and bending are discussed.     

On the linear stability of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded annular spherical shell on elastic foundations

The study deals with the formulation of governing equations of eccentrically stiffened functionally graded materials annular spherical shells resting on elastic foundations and based upon the classical shell theory and the smeared stiffeners technique taking into account geometrical nonlinearity in Von Karman-Donnell sense. The annular spherical shells are reinforced by eccentrically longitudinal and transversal stiffeners made of full metal or full ceramic depending on situation of stiffeners at metal-rich side or ceramic-rich side of the shell respectively. Approximate solutions are assumed to satisfy the simply supported boundary condition and Galerkin method is applied to obtain closed-form relations of bifurcation type of buckling loads. Numerical results are given to evaluate effects of inhomogeneous, dimensional parameters, outside stiffeners and elastic foundations to the buckling of structures.