RLFmRNA在大鼠卵巢动情周期和排卵过程中的表达

目的：观察松弛素样因子（RLF）基因在大鼠卵巢动情周期和排卵过程中的表达，探讨RLF在大鼠卵巢功能中的作用。方法：采用RT-PCR方法。结果：成年大鼠整个动情周期卵巢中都有RLFmRNA的表达，在动情前期、动情期卵巢表达较强，动情间期和动情后期卵巢较弱。PMSG-hCG处理的未成年大鼠于排卵时RLFmRNA的表达降低。结论：RLF与卵泡发育、排卵、黄体形成和退化密切相关。     

多囊卵巢综合征模型大鼠卵巢中结缔组织生长因子及基质金属蛋白酶9的表达

背景：有研究表明,卵泡发育、成熟、排卵和黄体形成以及退化等卵巢的生理过程都涉及细胞外基质的形成,而基质金属蛋白酶9和结缔组织生长因子与细胞外基质的形成有着密切的关系。 目的：探讨卵巢中结缔组织生长因子及基质金属蛋白酶9的表达与多囊卵巢综合征的关系。 方法：将有规律动情周期的SD雌性大鼠随机分为2组,模型组大鼠采用来曲唑灌胃建立多囊卵巢综合征模型,对照组灌胃等量的羧甲基纤维素。当模型组大鼠动情周期固有规律不存在,连续出现间期时采集大鼠的血清和卵巢组织,对照组在其间期采集标本进行检测。 结果与结论：放射免疫分析法和免疫组织化学染色法检测显示,与对照组相比,模型组的血清促黄体生成激素、血清垂体泌乳素、窦前卵泡卵泡膜胞浆中的结缔组织生长因子、卵泡基底膜胞浆结缔组织生长因子、白膜结缔组织生长因子以及黄体中基质金属蛋白酶9表达量明显升高(P < 0.05),促卵泡激素、血清雌二醇和卵泡基底膜中的基质金属蛋白酶9表达量则明显降低(P < 0.05)。结果证实,结缔组织生长因子可能与多囊卵巢综合征中可能与小卵泡的过多生长和排卵障碍有关,基质金属蛋白酶9可能与多囊卵巢综合征中的排卵障碍有关。 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植;肝移植;移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植;组织工程     

下丘脑弓状核瘦素/瘦素受体-吻素/吻素受体系统对大鼠卵泡发育的影响

目的:探讨青春期前后瘦素/瘦素受体-吻素/吻素受体(leptin/leptinr-kisspeptin/kisslr)系统的表达及其对卵泡发育的影响。方法:取青春期前期和青春期雌性Wistar大鼠,H-E染色观察卵巢形态学,ELISA法测血清leptin、雌二醇(E_2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)水平,QT-PCR、免疫组织化学和免疫印迹分别检测下丘脑弓状核leptinr、kisspeptin/kiss1r、GnRHmRNA及其蛋白的表达。结果:青春期前期大鼠卵巢中有大量初级卵泡和少量次级卵泡,青春期后除初级卵泡外,次级卵泡数量增加。青春期与青春期前期相比,血清E_2、LH、leptin、FSH升高明显。青春期leptinr-、kiss1-、kiss1r-和Gnrh-mRNA水平分别是青春期前期的0.82、1.43、1.33、1.37倍。免疫组织化学及免疫印迹结果显示,leptinr表达于细胞核,青春期leptinr表达低于青春期前期;kisspeptin/kiss1r、促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)在下丘脑弓状核的胞质表达,青春期kisspeptin/kiss1r、GnRH表达高于青春期前期。结论:雌性大鼠下丘脑弓状核kisspeptin/kiss1r系统对青春期卵泡发育发挥启动作用,kisspeptin/kiss1r可能介导leptin/leptin与GnRH之间的相互作用。     

多囊卵巢综合征大鼠AMH表达与胰岛素抵抗的相关性研究

目的:对多囊卵巢综合征(Polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)模型大鼠与卵巢局部及单卵泡中抗苗勒管素(Anti-mullerian hormone,AMH)表达与胰岛素抵抗(Insulin resistance,IR)之间的相关性进行研究。方法:采用DHEA皮下注射造模建立PCOS大鼠模型,然后计算胰岛素抵抗稳态模型(Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance,HOMA-IR)值,根据HOMA-IR值将所筛选对象分成单纯PCOS组,PCOS合并IR组和对照组,采用免疫组化法检测模型鼠、正常鼠血清AMH的表达及单卵泡及卵巢局部大鼠胰岛素受体及AMH表达。结果:PCOS大鼠无论是否合并IR LH、T、Flns及HOMA-IR明显高于对照组,两组差异有统计学意义(P0.05);而PCOS合并IR组T、Flns及HOMA-IR较对照组明显升高,两组差异亦有统计学意义(P0.05)。经过Pearson相关性分析结果显示卵巢局部AMH表达强度与胰岛素受体表达强度无明显相关性(r=0.015,P0.05);而卵巢局部AMH表达与血清胰岛素明显相关性(r=0.671,P=0.003);单卵泡AMH表达强度与胰岛素受体表达强度无明显相关性(r=0.011,P0.05)。而对血清AMH的表达与HOMA-IR进行Pearson相关性分析结果显示:HOMA-IR与血清AMH之间存在明显的正相关性(r=0.683,P=0.001)。结论:PCOS大鼠AMH与血清胰岛素水平呈正相关,卵巢局部AMH表达与胰岛素受体有正相关性,而单卵泡AMH表达与胰岛素受体无明显相关性,对于是否与高雄激素有关,还需要进一步研究。     

Kisspeptin/kiss1r系统在多囊卵巢综合征大鼠卵巢中的表达及其对卵泡发育障碍的可能作用机制

目的:探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)大鼠卵巢中kisspeptin/kisslr系统的表达及其对PCOS大鼠卵泡发育障碍的可能作用机制。方法:构建PCOS大鼠模型;免疫组织化学检测实验大鼠卵巢中kisspeptin/kiss1r的表达;免疫印迹和qRTPCR分别检测kisspeptin/kisslr蛋白和mRNA水平。结果:与正常组相比,PCOS组的体质量及卵巢质量明显增加,血清雄激素、黄体生成素水平明显增加,卵泡刺激素水平变化无统计学差异。PCOS大鼠卵巢中含有较多发育早期的小卵泡及闭锁卵泡,囊状扩张卵泡明显增加,颗粒细胞层数减少至2~3层,黄体数量明显下降;kisspeptin/kisslr蛋白和mRNA水平明显降低。结论:卵巢表达的kisspeptin/kisslr在PCOS大鼠卵泡发育障碍中可能通过调节颗粒细胞发挥作用,本研究将为进一步探讨PCOS的发病机制提供一定的理论基础。     

大鼠黄体细胞微顶浆分泌方式的扫描电镜观察

取30只成年雌性未交配Wistar大鼠,确定动情周期后,分别在动情前期、动情期及动情后期各取10只大鼠卵巢进行扫描电镜观察。结果发现。动情前期末,黄体化的颗粒细胞表面形成许多鳞状皱褶,层层叠叠,并向颗粒细胞间隙及卵泡腔内形成大小不等的球形突起,其基部或宽大,或细窄,均与颗粒细胞膜相连续。动情期末,颗粒黄体细胞排列成索,细胞表面高度皱褶,其上还隆起大量球形泡,大小相差甚大。大泡表面还芽生出小泡。小泡呈圆形或卵圆形,与大泡间藉细柄相连。此时部分大泡已游离于细胞间隙或卵泡腔内。另一部分大泡已破裂,其内容物排出后质膜皱缩塌陷。动情后期,颗粒黄体细胞膜仍有少许皱     

抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)预测卵巢储备功能及反应性的研究

目的研究抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)预测卵巢储备功能和反应性的作用。方法分析本院于2016年2月~2017年9月收治的不孕症75例患者资料,借助ELISA方法检测其基础AMH蛋白水平,其中60例首次接受体外受精-胚胎移植(IVFET)治疗,对IVF周期中促卵泡生长激素注射的之后各阶段卵泡液与血清中AMH蛋白值进行检测。结果 60例患者基础AMH蛋白水平和促卵泡生长激素注射之后各阶段的血清AMH水平无差异(P0.05);卵泡液、血清AMH蛋白表达与颗粒细胞AMH m RNA的相对含量和卵巢反应性存在一定关系,低反应卵泡液的AMH蛋白表达水平(2.31±1.12)ng·ml-1等和正常(4.60±1.80)ng·ml-1相比均有差异(P0.05)。结论机体AMH表达不受促卵泡生长激素影响,AMH蛋白水平和患者卵巢储备功能和反应性均有关,临床可将其作为疾病重要预测因子。     

能量限制对化疗大鼠卵巢的形态结构与功能的保护作用

目的探讨能量限制对环磷酰胺处理大鼠卵巢的保护作用。方法将48只10周龄大鼠随机分为对照组、能量限制组、环磷酰胺组、能量限制加环磷酰胺组。观察各组动物的动情周期,实验结束时称取卵巢重量,并进行卵巢组织形态学观察及卵泡计数,测定血清雌二醇、促黄体生成素、促卵泡生成激素评估卵巢储备功能。结果经环磷酰胺处理的大鼠出现精神萎靡、体重下降、动情周期逐渐消失,卵巢体积缩小,颗粒细胞变性、坏死,各期卵泡数均明显减少,闭锁卵泡数增加（P〈0.01）。能量限制组大鼠卵巢的原始卵泡数比对照组明显增多（P〈0.01）,窦状卵泡数减少（P〈0.01）。能量限制加环磷酰胺组的原始卵泡和初级卵泡数比环磷酰胺组明显增多（P〈0.01）,且卵巢组织受损程度较单用环磷酰胺轻。环磷酰胺处理组大鼠血清雌二醇显著低于对照组和能量限制组,促黄体生成素和促卵泡生成素水平则显著高于对照组和能量限制组（P〈0.01）。结论能量限制模型可以抑制原始卵泡的的转化使其数量明显增多,并可以适度减轻化疗造成的结构与功能损伤,使卵巢保留有一定储备功能。     

特发性中枢性早熟女孩血清E2、FSH、LH变化与子宫和卵巢形态改变关系的探讨

目的通过血清E2、FSH、LH测定及子宫和卵巢形态改变关系的研究,探讨特发性中枢性性早熟女孩的特点.方法分析了67例特发性中枢性性早熟女孩血清E2、FSH、LH的变化及子宫和卵巢B超形态学改变,并进行直线相关分析.结果(1)不同型卵巢的血清LH和E2值差异有显著性(p＜0.01)且呈递增趋势.FSH在三组间无规律性改变.(2)子宫大小随成熟度增高而显著增大,子宫容积与血清LH、E2之间显著相关(p＜0.002,0.001).(3)卵巢容积随发育分期增大,容积与血清LH、FSH、E2均不相关.结论(1)血清LH和E2的水平与最大卵泡直径相关,而与总容积不相关,但最大卵泡直径与LH、E2及卵巢总容积显著相关,从而证实了LH与卵泡发育的关系及E2的水平主要取决于卵泡发育状态.(2)子宫体容积与LH、E2均相关,子宫的发育呈显著的雌激素依赖性.E2与子宫发育间有密切关系.(3)血清E2、LH、FSH测定及子宫和卵巢形态学检查综合判断有助于对中枢性性早熟作出诊断.     

罗布麻颗粒对化疗型卵巢早衰大鼠Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达的影响

目的： 探讨罗布麻颗粒对化疗型卵巢早衰大鼠Bax 和Bcl-2 蛋白表达的影响。方法：性成熟SD雌鼠随机分 为对照组、造模组,腹腔注射（ 顺铂1.5 mg/kg）制备卵巢早衰模型,随机分为卵巢早衰模型组和罗布麻颗粒高、 中、低剂量治疗组。H-E 染色观察卵巢形态;ELISA 检测各组大鼠血清Bax、Bcl-2 和雌二醇、促黄体生成素（LH）、 促卵泡激素（FSH））的含量,免疫组织化学法检测卵巢Bax 与Bcl-2 蛋白表达。结果：卵巢早衰模型组大鼠中初 级卵泡减少,闭锁卵泡增多,罗布麻颗粒高剂量治疗组大鼠可见初级卵泡,闭锁卵泡较卵巢早衰模型组减少;卵 巢早衰模型组大鼠血清中雌二醇及Bcl-2 含量降低,FSH、LH、Bax 的含量升高; 各药物治疗组雌二醇、Bcl-2 含 量升高,FSH、LH、Bax 的含量降低;Bax 蛋白主要表达在颗粒层细胞及卵泡液中,卵巢早衰模型组大鼠较对照 组表达显著升高, 各药物治疗组在不同程度上能够降低其表达;Bcl-2 蛋白在各组主要表达在颗粒层细胞中,卵 巢早衰模型组大鼠较对照组表达显著下降, 各药物治疗组在不同程度上能够升高其表达。结论：顺铂能够导致雌 性大鼠血清中性激素水平的紊乱及卵巢组织形态的改变,可能与细胞凋亡因子Bax 与Bcl-2 在血清及卵巢组织中 表达水平的高低有关;罗布麻颗粒可能通过下调Bax 蛋白、上调Bcl-2 蛋白从而改善顺铂致卵巢早衰大鼠的卵巢 功能。     

Immunohiostochemical localization of two types of fatty acid-binding proteins in rat ovaries during postnatal development and in immature rat ovaries treated with gonadotropins

Background: The ovary of adult rats expresses two types of cytoplasmic fatty acid binding proteins (FABP), i.e., Heart FABP (H-FABP) and intestinal 15 kDa proteins (I-15p). We studied immunohistochemically the cellular localizations of these FABPs in the ovaries of rts at various postnatal ages and in the ovaries of immature (3-week-old)rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Methods: The cryosections of ovaries were incubated with polyclonal antibodies aganist H-FABP and I-15P, and the immunoreactions were visualized at both light and electron microscpic levels. Results: The immunorectivity for H-FABP occurred temporarilly in tthe follicular epithelian (granulosa) cells from 3 days to 2 weeks post partum, and then was localized exclusively to the theca/interstitial gland cells from 2 weeks to adulthood. In contrast, the immunoreactivity for I-15P appeared temporarily in a small subsct of theca/intersitial gland cells from 2 to 3 weeks, disappeared at 4 weeks, and was localized exclusively to the corpus luteum cells after the onset of ovulation in the animal around 5 weeks. In the immature rat ovaries induced to ovulate by treatment with gonadotropins, I-15P-immunocreative cells were first recognized in the luteinized granulosa layer of large preovulatory follicles, and increased in number progressively in the developing corpora lutea after the ovulation. Conclusions: Two type of FABPs are expressed in ditinct steroid-producing cell types of rat ovary, and their expressions seem to be regulated in results suggest that FABPs play specifie roles in the ovarian hormone synthesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Establishment of heterogeneity among blood vessels: Hormone-influenced appearance of hepatic lipase in specific subsets of the ovarian microvasculature

We used biochemical and structural approaches to analyze the influence of gonadotropic hormones on the association of hepatic lipase with specific subsets of ovarian blood vessels. Western blotting was used to detect this enzyme in effluent collected from heparin-perfused ovaries of nonhormone-treated immature rats and those primed with pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG) alone or in combination with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). The effects of these hormones on hepatic lipase distribution among oyarian blood vessels was assessed before and after hCG and/or PMSG treatment by immunofluorescence and immunogold cytochemistry. For the latter, immunoreagents and fixative were delivered directly to chilled, unfixed ovaries by in situ vascular perfusion. Data from biochemical and structural analyses indicated that hepatic lipase was absent from nonhormone-treated ovaries. As shown by Western blotting of ovarian effluent, the enzyme appeared following treatment with PMSG and PMSG-hCG; it increased in amount in a time-dependent manner, with a transient decline in the early hours after hCG injection. Enzyme levels paralleled growth and vascularization of follicles and corpora lutea; the fall tended to coincide with early events in luteal angiogenesis. Immunogold microscopy showed that hepatic lipase was abundant in thin-walled blood vessels of theca interna of follicles, corpora lutea, and interstitial cells but sparse in those of the stroma. Moreover, during neovascularization of differentiating corpora lutea, vascular sprouts arising from hepatic lipase-laden thecal vessels appeared to lose, then regain, the enzyme as development progressed. Our findings thus suggest (1) that hormones influence the establishment of endothelial cell heterogeneity within the microvasculature of a single organ and (2) that development of novel endothelial cell properties in specific subsets of blood vessels underlies compartmentalization of function within a tissue. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

白藜芦醇治疗POI大鼠药物浓度筛选

目的　通过观察不同浓度白藜芦醇治疗早发性卵巢功能不全（POI）成模大鼠的疗效，确定其治疗早发性卵巢功能不全大鼠的最佳药物浓度。 方法　将90只5周龄SPF级SD健康雌性大鼠按随机数字表分为低剂量白藜芦醇灌胃治疗组(a组18只)、中剂量白藜芦醇灌胃治疗组(b组18只)、高剂量白藜芦醇灌胃治疗组(c组18只)、模型对照组(d组18只)、空白对照组(e组18只)。e组从造模前的动物中随机抽取；a、b、c、d组从成功造模（72只给予雷公藤多苷片50 mg·kg-1·d-1 灌胃14 d，根据观测指标确定早发性卵巢功能不全成模）的动物中随机分组获得。a、b、c组分别采用每日20、50、80 mg/kg 灌胃剂量，模型对照组采用0.5％羧甲基纤维素钠溶液灌胃。42 d后采用ELISA法检测大鼠血清性激素：抗苗勒管激素（AMH）、黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）、雌二醇（E2）水平，HE染色镜检大鼠单位卵巢面积内成熟卵泡、闭锁卵泡和黄体数，评价其疗效。 结果　不同浓度白藜芦醇灌胃治疗组POI大鼠较0.5％羧甲基纤维素溶液灌胃组POI大鼠血清中AMH、E2水平高（P<0.05），LH、FSH水平低（P<0.05）。不同浓度白藜芦醇灌胃治疗组POI大鼠较空白对照组大鼠血清中AMH、E2水平低（P<0.05），LH、FSH水平高（P<0.05）。与a、b、c、e组比较，d组卵巢内颗粒细胞层数，成熟卵泡数以及黄体数量少（P<0.05），闭锁卵泡数明显增加（P<0.05）。 结论　不同浓度白藜芦醇灌胃治疗POI大鼠均有一定的疗效，50 mg/kg浓度效果最好，是最佳药物浓度。     

Involvement of progesterone in gonadotrophin-induced pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide gene expression in pre-ovulatory follicles of rat ovary

The present study was designed to determine whether progesterone might have a role in gonadotrophin-induced pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (Pacap) gene expression in rat ovary. Northern blot analysis revealed that treatment of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG)-primed immature rats with the progestin antagonist RU486 or an inhibitor of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase epostane, 1 h before HCG, resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of the HCG-induced Pacap gene expression. In-situ hybridization demonstrated that the number of pre-ovulatory follicles expressing Pacap mRNA in their granulosa cells was greatly reduced in ovaries treated with RU486. Moreover, the suppressive effect of RU486 or epostane on the LH-induced Pacap gene expression in cultured pre-ovulatory follicles was reversed by co-treatment with the synthetic progestin R5020. We further cloned the 5'-flanking region of the rat Pacap gene and identified the presence of a consensus progesterone receptor element. When luciferase fusion genes containing Pacap gene promoter were transiently transfected into granulosa cells of pre-ovulatory follicles, luciferase activity was markedly stimulated by LH. Treatment with RU486 or epostane resulted in partial suppression of LH-stimulated PACAP promoter activity. Taken together, these results indicate that progesterone, acting through progesterone receptors, plays a role in gonadotrophin induction of Pacap gene expression in granulosa cells of pre-ovulatory follicles, and thereby may be involved in the process of ovulation.     

Heterogeneity in granulosa cells of developing rat follicles

The present study was designed to characterize the granulosa cell subpopulations derived from rats in which ovarian growth was induced by diethylstilbestrol (DES) or in which growth and differentiation was induced by pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG). In the DES model, immature rats were given two separate injections of 2 mg DES/rat s.c. on 25 and 26 days of age and were killed 24 hr after the second injection. In the PMSG model, rats on day 28 were given 8 IU of PMSG s.c. and were killed 54 hr later. Granulosa cells were isolated from the ovaries, separated on a continuous Percoll density gradient, and divided into 12 fractions. The cells in each fraction were cultured in the presence of androstenedione with or without 20 ng/ml of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol and progesterone in the incubation medium were measured. In DES-treated rats, granulosa cells in fractions 4 and 5 and fractions 9 and 10 contained about 30-40% of total cell yield and showed high steroidogenic potential. Granulosa cells from fractions 6, 7, and 8, which represent 55-60% of total cell yield, produced relatively low amounts of steroids on a per-million-cell basis. FSH was required for the stimulation of steroidogenesis. In granulosa cells from the PMSG treated rats, aromatase activity appeared maximally induced and incubation with FSH in vitro did not bring about any further increase. However, in vitro incubation with FSH was required for progesterone production. Furthermore, the granulosa cells from the PMSG treated rats also showed much more active estradiol and progesterone synthesis in fractions 9-12 as compared with lower density fractions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Characterization of an in vitro perfused rat ovary model: ovulation rate,oocyte maturation,steroidogenesis and influence of PMSG priming

An in nitro perfused rat ovary model was characterized with respect to ovulation rate, oocyte maturation and steroidogenesis after priming with various doses of pregnant mare's serum gonadotrophin (PMSG) (10, 20 or 30 IU PMSG S.C. in the morning of day 28). In ovaries stimulated with LH 0.1 μg m1^--¹ after 1 h of perfusion the number of ovulations was significantly higher in the 20 IU PMSG group than in the 10 IU PMSG group (6.8±1.0 ovulations per treated ovary versus 2.4±1. 2 , P < 0.01). Priming with 30 IU PMSG did not result in significantly more or fewer ovulations than did 10 or 20 IU PMSG. No ovaries in the non-stimulated control groups ovulated. Oocytes retrieved directly at ovulation were mature (GVB or PB stage). Among oocytes retrieved from pre-ovulatory follicles punctured at 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 h after stimulation with LH 0.1 μg ml^-1 thtre was an increasing number of oocytes with GVB (0/10 at oh and 10/10 at 8 h). Stimulation with LH resulted in a rapid release of progesterone, testosterone and oestradiol into the medium, whereas non-stimulated control ovaries exhibited a slow rise of all steroids throughout the perfusion period. It is concluded that priming with 20 IU PMSG in this model results in an optimal number of ovulations and that this model provides a useful tool in studies of various kinds of modifying influences on the ovulatory process.     

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor mRNA expression in the ovaries of neonatal and adult rats

Recent studies have shown that gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) can exert various effects on the rat ovary by acting through its specific receptors. To determine the cell types responsive to the action of GnRH under physiological conditions in the ovary, distribution of the GnRH receptor mRNA was studied histologically by in situ hybridization in neonatal and adult rats. Expression of the luteinizing hormone receptor mRNA was also examined to judge the growing state of follicles and the corpora lutea. In neonatal rat ovaries, no significant GnRH receptor mRNA signal was detected until 5 days after birth. The expression was first observed at 10 days in the interstitial cells. At 15 days of age, the receptor mRNA was expressed in the granulosa cells of most preantral and early antral follicles, while no hybridization signal was detected in oocyte and theca cells. In adult cycling rats, GnRH receptor mRNA was detected mainly in the granulosa cells of most follicles and luteal cells. The granulosa cells of atretic follicles showed a very high level of the mRNA expression throughout their degenerating process. A strong hybridization signal was also detected in the mural granulosa cells of mature follicles. Newly formed (developing) corpora lutea exhibited signals with moderate intensity in the luteal cells, and the older ones showed weaker signals. The finding that the initial expression of GnRH receptor mRNA was seen in the interstitial cells of neonatal ovaries implies an unknown function of the ovarian GnRH receptor in ovarian development. The high level expression of GnRH receptor mRNA in atretic and mature follicles supports the putative roles of GnRH in the induction of follicular atresia and ovulation in rat ovaries.     

Immunohistochemical localization of CD31, NOTCH1 and JAGGED1 proteins in experimentally induced polycystic ovaries of immature rats

We analyzed histomorphometrical changes and blood vessel immunohistochemical staining of CD31, NOTCH1 and JAGGED1 in induced polycystic ovaries of immature female Wistar rats, as well as serum hormone levels. The rats were randomly divided into control (n=18) and treated (n=18) groups. Treated animals received intramuscularly testosteronenantat weekly (0.1 mg/g). Controls received the same amount of ricinus oil. Rats were weighed daily. Control and treated subgroups (6 rats per subgroup) were subsequently sacrificed after 21, 28 and 35 days of treatment. In ovaries of treated rats we found large cystic follicles, thick stromal tissue, many atretic preantral follicles, no ovulation and a thinner granulosa cell layer. CD31 stained blood vessels in the theca layer were reduced, with reduced JAGGED1 and NOTCH1 immunostaining. In controls, preantral and antral follicles were larger than in the treated group. Treated animals showed statistically significant lower progesterone and higher testosterone levels. They gained more weight than controls. Reduced immunostaining for NOTCH1 and JAGGED1 of reduced blood vessels of the theca layer was found in all stages of folliculogenesis with a distinct reduction in cystic and atretic follicles. Our results provide evidence of intrinsic abnormality during all stages of folliculogenesis in polycystic ovaries and this may result from crosstalk between circulating gonadotropins and follicular angiogenesis.     

促红细胞生成素对大鼠肾间质纤维化发动蛋白-1表达影响

目的探讨促红细胞生成素（EPO）对大鼠肾间质纤维化发动蛋白．1（Drp-1）表达的影响。方法81只sD大鼠,分为假手术组、对照组和EPO组,每组各27只。EPO组、对照组采用单侧输尿管结扎并剪断建立肾间质纤维化模型,假手术组仅游离输尿管而不结扎和剪断;EPO组予EPO皮下注射;假手术组和对照组给予等量生理盐水皮下注射。各组于术后7、14和21d取动脉血分离血清检测血肌酐和尿素氮水平。取梗阻侧肾组织行苏木精．伊红和Masson染色,观察肾脏病理学变化。用免疫组化方法检测肾组织Drp一1的表达。结果@EPO组各时点血清肌酐和尿素氮水平显著低于对照组（P〈0．01）,但高于假手术组（P〈0．05）。②EPO组各时点肾组织病理改变较对照组明显减轻,肾小管间质损伤评分和肾间质纤维化相对面积均低于对照组（P均〈0．05）,但高于假手术组（P〈0．05）。③EPO组肾组织的Drp．1表达显著低于对照组（P〈0．05）,但高于假手术组（P〈0．05）。结论Drp-1在大鼠肾间质纤维化肾组织中表达增加,参与。肾脏纤维化过程;EPO可以通过抑制Drp一1表达,从而延缓肾间质纤维化的进展。