Delayed Hypersensitivity Induced in Guinea Pigs by 7, 12-Dimethylbenz(a) anthracene

A delayed hypersensitivity to 7, 12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene was elicited in guinea pigs after contact sensitization. This sensitivity was characterized by its time of appearance, histology, specificity, and transfer characteristics. The reaction had its maximal dermal reactivity 24 hr after challenge, was characterized by a mononuclear cell infiltration, demonstrated immunological specificity, and could be transferred with leukocytes to normal animals.     

妊娠高血压综合征患者外周血VEGF、NO和D-D的水平变化及意义

目的：探讨妊娠高血压综合征患者外周血血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）、一氧化氮（NO）和D-二聚体（D-D）的水平变化及意义。方法：通过测定68例妊娠高血压综合征患者和30名正常妊娠孕妇外周血VEGF、NO和D-D的水平,分析其相关性。结果：妊娠高血压综合征患者外周血VEGF、NO水平均显著低于正常妊娠组,而D-D水平显著高于正常妊娠组（P〈0．01）;随着病情加重,VEGF、NO均显著降低,而D-D水平显著增高（P〈0．05）。结论：VEGF、NO和D-D与妊娠高血压综合征的发生、发展密切相关,动态监测其在外周血中的水平变化对于妊娠高血压综合征患者的病情判断、临床治疗均有一定意义。     

A Case of Anaphylaxis Induced by Contact with Young Radish (Raphanus sativus L)

Young radish (Raphanus sativus L), a member of the mustard family (Cruciferae), is a common ingredient of Kimchi. Although few reports have described anaphylaxis to cruciferous vegetables, we report the case of anaphylaxis induced by contact with young radish. A 46-year-old female with a history of contact allergy to metal presented to our emergency room (ER) with dizziness, generalized eruption and gastrointestinal upset. Her symptoms developed after re-exposure to young radish while chopping it. Hypotensive blood pressures were noted. Three days prior, the patient had experienced generalized urticaria with pruritus immediately after chopping the fresh young radish, which resolved spontaneously. In the ER, her symptoms improved by the administration of epinephrine (0.3 mL), antihistamine (chlorpheniramine) and isotonic saline hydration. A skin prick test with young radish extract showed positive reactivity. The same skin test was negative in five adult controls. IgE-mediated hypersensitivity could be an important immunologic mechanism in the development of young radish-induced anaphylaxis.     

大鼠体内植入生物材料对CH50及免疫球蛋白的影响

ＰＥＳ、ＹＰ有ＳＲ三种生物材料植入大鼠皮下后７、１４、３０、６０、９０ｄ，采用Ｂｅｃｋｍａｎ ＩＣＳ免疫分析系统和标准的总补体量测定方法（ＣＨ５０法）分析测定血清中免疫球蛋白含量及ＣＨ５０变化。结果表明ＹＰ和ＳＲ材料植入动物ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ明显高于对照组，ＣＨ５０值明显低于对照组动物，ＰＥＳ材料与对照组相比无明显差异。     

The Inhibitory Effects of Prednisone, 16-Methylen-Prednisolone, and Acth on Con-A Induced Lymphokines (Interferon-Y) as Measured by the Chemiluminescence-Activity of Blood Monocytes

When lymphocytes are stimulated with mitogens or antigens they are enhanced via a cascade of lymphokines to produce interferon-y (IFN-y). IFN-y augments the H₂O₂secretion of human monocytes which indirectly can be measured by chemiluminescence. We tested prednisone, 16-methylen. prednisolone and ACTH for their effect to inhibit the Con-A induced stimulation of the chemiluminescence-activity. All three hormones inhibited significantly the stimulation: prednisone up to 52.5 % (concentration = 150 m;g/ml, p=0.000005), 16-methylen-prednisolone up to 22.5 % (concentration = 2.5 & m g/ml, p=0.006) and ACTH up to 33 % (concentration = 10 m g/ml, p=0.0036).     

A linkage study with DNA markers (D4S95, D4S115, and D4S111) in Japanese Huntington disease families

Summary Attempts to isolate the Huntington disease (HD) gene based on its position have been frustrated by apparently contradictory recombination events in HD pedigrees that have predicted two non-over-lapping candidate regions: 100 kb at the telomere of the short arm of chromosome 4, and a 2.2 Mb region located internally at 4p16.3. The proximal location is also supported by the detection of a linkage disequilibrium between HD and some restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RF-LPs) at the D4S95, D4S98, and D4S127 loci. In the present study, a proximal marker D4S95 showed tight linkage to the disease locus in Japanese pedigrees (Z_max=3.31, _max=0.00), while distal markers D4S115 and D4S111 did not. Particularly, a two point linkage analysis between D4S111 and HD yielded a lod score –2.01 for =0.015. This result leads to the exclusion, as a possible region of localization of the HD gene, of more than 3 cM of the genome around D4S111 locus. At the same time our results favor aforementioned proximal location as a candidate location for the HD gene.     

腹主动脉夹闭再灌注后多脏器血流量及血浆、淋巴液中TNFα和IL-8水平的变化

目的探讨腹主动脉阻断后肠道淋巴液成分的改变与多器官功能损伤的关系.方法通过夹闭腹腔动脉40min建立腹主动脉阻断再灌注(I/R)的模型,检测不同时间点多器官的血流量,用放射免疫分析法测定再灌3 h时血浆及淋巴液中肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα)和白细胞介素8(IL-8)水平的变化.结果腹主动脉夹闭40min时,肠、肝、肾及下肢肌肉的血液灌注量均较夹闭前明显减少(P＜0.05),上肢肌肉的血流量反而增加;再灌后与缺血期比较:再灌1 h,腹主动脉阻断平面以下主要脏器血液灌注量增加,以肠、肾增加明显(P＜0.05),到再灌3 h时又有所下降.再灌过程中,上肢血流量明显减少(P＜0.05).缺血再灌3 h时,淋巴液中TNF α和IL-8的水平明显高于血浆(P＜0.05),血浆和淋巴液中TNFα的水平均高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论腹主动脉夹闭再通过程中,全身的血液动力学发生了明显改变,推论肠源性TNF等细胞因子,主要通过肠道淋巴液入血,进而造成远隔部位器官的损伤.     

妊高征患者外周血红细胞免疫功能的变化和血浆TXB2水平的相关性分析

目的:探讨妊高征患者外周血红细胞免疫功能的变化和血浆TXB2水平的相关性.方法:应用放射免疫分析和免疫法对33例妊高征患者进行红细胞免疫功能和血浆TXB2检测,并与35名正常人作比较.结果:妊高征患者RBC-C3bRR水平明显降低(P<0.01),而血浆TXB2水平显著升高(P<0.01),RBC-C3bRR与TXB2...     

Quantification of S100A12 (EN-RAGE) in blood varies with sampling method, calcium and heparin

S100A12 is a calcium-binding protein predominantly found in neutrophil granulocytes and monocytes. Its usefulness in monitoring inflammatory disease states depends on documentation that assay results are reliable. This study aimed at defining guidelines for blood sampling, selection of optimal material handling and reference intervals in healthy controls while taking into account the basic features of S100A12. An enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was developed based upon antibodies induced in rabbits by injection of recombinant S100A12. Our studies confirm that oligomers of S100A12 are generated in the presence of calcium. Structural changes in S100A12 mediated by calcium influence the interaction with antibody. This is proposed as the background for our very low readings of S100A12 in Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid (EDTA) plasma. Individual S100A12 levels did not change substantially over a 5-week sampling period. Based upon testing of 150 blood donors we suggest reference intervals of S100A12 in serum to be 49-1340 microg/l for women and 27-1750 microg/l for men. The estimated mean concentrations were 234 microg/l in serum samples (range 12-15791), 114 microg/l (range 3-17282) in re-calcified EDTA plasma and 48 microg/l (range 2-14843) in heparin plasma. Without adding calcium to EDTA plasma before running the assay, concentrations were around 2 microg/l (16 persons). S100A12 quantification is assumed to become relevant for diagnostic use in many disease states. The importance of the handling and analysing conditions for a reliable result was examined. We recommend serum collected in gel-containing tubes as the preferred sample material and have suggested reference intervals for healthy individuals.     

Blood pressure is lowered by vitamin D (alphacalcidol) during long-term treatment of patients with intermittent hypercalcaemia. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study

There is epidemiologic evidence of a relationship between calcium deficiency and hypertension. The present study evaluated the effects of alphacalcidol, a synthetic analogue of active vitamin D, given to 29 patients with marginal, intermittent hypercalcaemia. Before therapy there was an inverse relationship between serum calcium levels and diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.02). Treatment with 1 microgram alphacalcidol raised the serum calcium by 0.07 mmol/l during a 6-month, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and caused a significant reduction of diastolic blood pressure by 9.2 mmHg compared with placebo (p less than 0.01). The study extends previous observations, in normocalcaemic subjects, of inverse relationships between serum calcium and blood pressure indicating a primary disturbance of calcium homeostasis in hypertension. The observation that a physiologic amount of active vitamin D has hypotensive effects agrees with such a concept and suggests a new principle for the treatment of hypertension.     

Infections of Stentor roeseli and S. polymorphus (Ciliophora,Heterotrichida) by microsporidia

In cells of the ciliated protozoa Stentor polymorphus and S. roeseli, infections by microsporidia were observed. In both stentors, the microsporidia were maintained in the laboratory and new cells could be infected when transferred to a culture of parasitized cells. The parasites were more pathogenic on S. roeseli than on S. polymorphus, which harbors green algal endocytobionts.     

A Plasma Protein Indistinguishable from Ribosomal Protein S19: Conversion to a Monocyte Chemotactic Factor by a Factor XIIIa-Catalyzed Reaction on Activated Platelet Membrane Phosphatidylserine in Association with Blood Coagulation

A monocyte-chemoattracting factor is generated during blood coagulation and during clotting of platelet-rich plasma. This chemotactic factor attracts monocytes as a ligand of the C5a receptor; however, it inhibits C5a-induced neutrophil chemotaxis as an apparent receptor antagonist. The curious dual function of the serum monocyte chemotactic factor resembles that of the cross-linked homodimer of ribosomal protein S19 (RP S19). Indeed, the inactive precursor of the monocyte chemotactic factor was present in plasma, and the precursor molecule and RP S19, as well as the active form and the RP S19 dimer, were indistinguishable in terms of immunological reactivity and molecular size. Coagulation factor XIIIa, plasma transglutaminase, and membrane phosphatidylserine on the activated platelets were required for conversion of the precursor to the active form. In addition, the precursor molecule in plasma could be replaced by wild-type recombinant RP S19 but not by mutant forms of it. These results indicate that a molecule indistinguishable from RP S19 was present in plasma, and that the RP S19-like molecule was converted to the active form by a transglutaminase-catalyzed reaction on a scaffold that included the phosphatidylserine-exposed platelet membrane.Studies by our group have been ongoing with regard to the cross-linked homodimer of ribosomal protein S19 (RP S19) as a monocyte-selective chemoattractant factor.^1,2 The chemotactic function of the RP S19 dimer is a typical extraribosomal activity and to gain this activity the transglutaminase-catalyzed intermolecular cross-linkage between Gln137 and Lys122 is needed.³ The RP S19 dimer is formed in apoptosis-initiated cells and then extracellularly released.^4–6 The RP S19 dimer has so far been isolated from rheumatoid arthritis synovial lesions and from atherosclerotic lesions of the aorta.^7,8 The RP S19 dimer induces monocyte chemoattraction as an agonistic ligand of the C5a receptor; however, this dimer inhibits neutrophil chemoattraction induced by C5a, the complement C5-derived pan-leukocyte chemotactic molecule, as an apparent antagonist of the C5a receptor.^9–11More than 20 years ago, we reported a novel monocyte-selective chemoattracting factor that was present in serum but not in plasma. The monocyte chemotactic factor was generated during blood coagulation via a mechanism dependent on the enzymatic activity of factor XIIIa, the plasma transglutaminase. The chemotactic factor was distinguished from C5a by its monocyte selectivity and by its large molecular size. Despite these differences, we thought at that time that the origin of the chemotactic factor was also complement C5 because the chemotactic factor was adsorbed by anti-C5 antibody beads and because the chemoattraction was inhibited by a C5a receptor antagonist.^12,13However, we noticed later that the RPS19 dimer, but not the monomer, possesses antigen epitopes recognized by anti-C5a monoclonal antibodies.⁹ This raised the possibility that the monocyte chemotactic factor in serum could be the RP S19 dimer. If this were the case, one big question was whether the precursor, RP S19, is present in normal plasma.In the current study, we first re-examined the serum monocyte chemotactic factor in light of the recent findings on the functions of the RP S19 dimer using anti-RP S19 antibodies. We then studied its precursor molecule in plasma and the conversion mechanism to the active form in association with blood coagulation. In these studies, we revealed both the presence of a molecule in plasma indistinguishable from RP S19 and the mechanism to convert this molecule to the monocyte chemotactic factor. We report here that the active form of factor XIII and thrombin-activated platelets are involved as the enzymatic catalyst and the reaction scaffold, respectively, in the activation mechanism.     

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍反应抑制、厌恶延迟和时间感觉的研究进展

儿童注意缺陷多动障碍(attention deficit hyperactivity disorder，ADHD)是儿童期常见精神障碍，在学龄期儿童中患病率约为3．0～7．5％，有统计显示在儿童青少年中患病率达17％。多在3～7岁起病。主要表现为注意缺陷、多动／冲动，大部分儿童伴随焦虑障碍、学习困难、品行障碍、违法犯罪行为以及反社会人格等。一般病情常常持续到青春期，部分病例一直持续到成年．给个人、家庭和社会造成负担。     

A New Model of Induced Experimental Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) in Pigs and Its Amelioration by Treatment with a Tolerogenic Peptide

Introduction  

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a variety of autoantibodies and systemic clinical manifestations. A tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1, ameliorated lupus manifestations in mice models. The objectives of this study were to induce experimental SLE in pigs and to determine the ability of hCDR1 to immunomodulate the disease manifestations.     

The production of two molecular classes of antibody in the toad, Xenopus laevis, homologous with mammalian gamma-M (19S) and gamma-G (7S) immunoglobulins

A good immune response to BGG was induced in the toad, Xenopus laevis, with the production of precipitating antibody. A large amount of macroglobulin is present in normal toad serum, and forms a major peak on Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Two classes of immunoglobulins, homologous with mammalian γM (19S) and γG (7S) antibody, are produced during the course of immunization. The conversion from 19S to 7S antibody activity occurred about a month after primary immunization.