萃取法处理高含量含苯胺废水

针对橡胶防老剂RD生产过程中产生的含40g／L苯胺的废水,在比较多种苯胺废水处理方法优劣的基础上,选用甲苯萃取处理方案,通过试验确定了其主要工艺参数,设计了一套废水处理量20m^3／d的生产装置．生产装置运行结果表明,苯胺回收率达98．5％,与其它方法相比,萃取法具有设备投资少,操作简单,消耗低等优点.     

络合萃取法处理工业苯胺废水

依据可逆络合反应萃取的基本原理，通过对苯胺废水的络合萃取相平衡及错流萃取工艺研究，设计了ＴｓＨ－１络合萃取剂，处理工艺用单一萃取方法可使苯胺废水达标排放。     

液膜法处理对硝基苯胺废水的研究

本文研究了对硝基苯胺水溶液的乳状液膜处理过程，实际工业废水经三级液膜萃取可达到国家排放标准，对硝基苯胺盐在有机膜相的“渗漏”应予注意。     

膜萃取过程的传质特性研究

膜萃取是一种新型的分离技术。本文在中空纤维膜器中研究了膜萃取过程的传质特性。通过四种不同体系的实验,求取了基于水相的总传质系数,提出了求算膜萃取过程中各分传质系数k_(?)、k_(?)、k_(?)的半经验关联式。研究表明,减小膜阻可以强化膜萃取过程,提高过程的总传质系数.比较和分析膜萃取过程中各部分传质阻力,可以看出,对于萃取相平衡常数m1的体系应选用疏水膜器,对于m1体系则应选用亲水膜器。     

萃取法处理苯胺废水的实验研究

研究了以甲苯做萃取剂萃取硫化橡胶促进剂生产废水中苯胺类物质的方法 ,确定了萃取级数、萃取剂配比和萃取时间等工艺参数。经过萃取 ,废水中的苯胺类物质与化学需氧量的去除率分别达 95 %和 88%以上 ,提高了废水的可生化性     

硅橡胶复合膜处理含酚废水

采用了一种新的硅橡胶复合中空纤维膜处理苯酚废水。实验中复合膜硅橡胶厚度小于10μm,较前人使用硅橡胶管处理废水时苯酚的透过速率大大加快。处理高浓度（8.977 g/L）和低浓度（0.939 g/L）的苯酚废水时,去除效果分别能达到99.9%和96.9%。通过相应的模型计算,低浓度苯酚传质系数能达到3.92×10－7m/s,比硅橡胶管处理苯酚废水传质系数（1.29×10－7m/s）有很大的提高。实验发现碱液的浓度对苯酚传质系数没有太大的影响,与作者的传质模型比较吻合。也研究了含氯化钠的苯酚的传质,发现氯化钠的存在大大增加了苯酚的传质系数。     

萃取-H103大孔树脂吸附联合处理苯胺废水研究

采用萃取-H103大孔树脂吸附联合处理苯胺废水,试验了各种条件对废水中COD和苯胺去除率的影响.结果表明,萃取的最佳工艺条件是:甲苯作萃取剂,pH为7.5,萃取剂与废水体积比为1:2,在室温(10℃)下振荡、恒温箱(25℃)中静置各10 min进行二级萃取,废水中COD和苯胺去除率均达到90%以上;以萃取出水作为后续H103大孔树脂吸附柱的进水,当pH为7.5,废水流速以2.5、3.5、4.5 BV·h-1流过吸附柱,出水中COD和苯胺质量浓度降至100 mg·L-1和5 mg·L-1以下,去除率分别达到92%和95%以上.     

综合处理工业盐酸苯胺废水萃取回收苯胺的研究

以制药厂主要成分为苯胺盐酸盐的实际工艺废水为研究对象,采用中和分层-水相萃取-蒸馏回收联合工艺对该废水进行处理。结果表明,甲苯及二氯甲烷具有良好的萃取效果且可重复使用,经系列工艺处理后,分离出的苯胺可进行套用或回收,实现资源的再利用;处理后废水中苯胺降至200 mg/L以下,COD降至3 000 mg/L以下。     

膜萃取技术及其应用研究进展

综述了膜萃取技术的传质特性及其在金属萃取、有机物及药物萃取、酶膜反应 -萃取集合技术等方面的应用     

溶胀对膜萃取传质性能的影响

溶剂对膜的溶胀,使膜的物理结构发生变化,进而对膜萃取传质性能产生一定的影响。本文以３０％ＴＢＰ（煤油）－醋酸－水,正丁醇－醋酸－水和２０％７３０１（煤油）－醋酸－水为实验体系在聚砜和聚四氟乙烯微孔平板膜器中系统地了溶胀地膜萃取总传质系数的影响。结果表明,微孔膜发生溶胀后孔隙率发生明显的变化,其总传质系数有较大的下降。     

Effect of swelling on mass transfer performance in membrane extraction

The membrane extraction experiments were performed with tributyl phosphate/acetic acid (HAc)/water, n-butanol/HAc/water and 20% Alamine (in kerosene); HAc; and water as working systems. HAc was transferred from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. The effect of flat membranes swelling on mass transfer was studied. The membranes were microporous polysulfone and microporous polytetrafluoroethylene. The overall mass transfer coefficients based on the water phase were calculated and compared between nonswollen and swollen membranes. The experimental results show that the physical structure of the flat membranes used in our experiments was changed if soaked by organic solvents; however, change in thickness was not found. The overall mass transfer coefficients clearly were decreased after the flat membranes were swollen. The most likely reason is that the mass transfer resistance was increased because of the change of the membrane structure. The results also show that it is better to choose a hydrophilic membrane to reach high mass transfer performance when the equilibrium constant is very low. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 1555–1561, 1999     

硅橡胶复合膜用于含酚水溶液渗透萃取传质过程

以苯酚为模型污染物,以氢氧化钠溶液为萃取液,利用平板复合膜［聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）/聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）］构造渗透萃取体系,系统地研究了该体系渗透萃取含酚水溶液的传质过程与特性。探讨了料液与萃取液的浓度及流量、运行温度等操作条件及活性层厚度对渗透萃取传质性能的影响。结果表明,pH>13时,总传质系数K_ov不随萃取液流量及浓度变化而变化;苯酚的液膜传质系数kf与膜面流动Reynolds数Re^0.46呈正比,传质通量与温度符合Arrhenius方程。在苯酚初始浓度5.0～15.0 g•L^-1范围内,K_ov为定值。活性皮层厚度为4、6、8 μm的膜扩散传质系数分别为15.0×10^-7、9.9×10^-7及7.5×10^-7m•s^-1（323.2 K）,较均质膜提高了2～4倍。苯酚在复合膜中的传质仍属膜阻控制的传质。     

膜分散萃取法处理含酚废水的实验研究

采用膜分散方法研究了含酚废水的萃取特性,以水/苯酚/(磷酸三丁酯+煤油)为实验体系,以不锈钢纤维烧结膜为分散介质,在自制的萃取器中研究了有机相流量、无机相流量、V(有机相)∶V(无机相)(相比)、苯酚质量浓度和停留时间对萃取率的影响,找出适宜的操作条件。实验结果表明,采用10μm的不锈钢烧结膜,在有机相流量为1 500 mL/m in、相比1∶1、苯酚质量浓度在1 000～4 000 mg/L、停留时间为0.8 s的情况下,萃取率可以达到80%左右。     

乳状液膜法处理苯胺废水的实验研究

采用乳状液膜法处理苯胺质量浓度为1 000 mg/L的模拟废水,通过高速分散器制乳、搅拌器提取等操作,得到稳定的W/O/W的乳状液膜体系.考察了膜增强剂质量分数、表面活性剂质量分数、内水相盐酸浓度、外水相pH、乳水比等因素对苯胺传质速率和提取率的影响,并得到各因素的适宜操作范围.     

新型硅橡胶膜生物反应器用于有机废水处理的膜传质动力学

用中空纤维型硅橡胶管构造了管束式和卷绕式两种膜器,将它们结合进一个生物反应器系统,用于对废水中的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）进行生物降解处理。本文以甲苯为对象,研究了VOC在这种系统中穿过膜的传质问题。基于液-膜-液的串联阻力概念和质量平衡,构造了一个关于膜总传质系数的简单指数模型,用于传质实验的分析。将甲苯溶于水中模拟有机废水,配制适合于甲苯降解细菌生长的培养液,进行了甲苯从废水穿过膜到培养液中的传质实验,并将细菌移植进培养液进行了生物降解条件下的传质实验。对培养液中细菌存在和不存在两种情况下的甲苯传质实验进行了分析。结果表明,总传质系数的指数模型基本上与实验条件符合,所得到的甲苯的总膜传质系数具有10-6m·s-1数量级,卷绕膜器的总传质系数较管束型的稍高,生物反应条件下的总传质系数又较细菌不存在时的稍高。     

膜萃取在含铀废水处理中的应用研究进展

铀水冶和精制过程中会产生大量的低浓度含铀废水,对环境造成了严重污染。本研究对膜萃取技术处理含铀废水进行了综述,主要归纳了液膜、中空纤维膜、聚合物包容膜这3种膜在膜萃取处理含铀废水中的具体应用情况,简要说明了膜萃取技术在含铀废水处理中所具有的优点和应用潜力。同时对膜萃取技术的应用特点、机理进行了分析,并对膜萃取技术未来的发展趋势进行了展望。     

组合工艺处理高浓度日用化工废水

采用"厌氧-接触氧化-臭氧-曝气生物滤池"组合工艺处理高浓度日用化工废水.废水中CODCr从进水5000 mg/L降到出水＜80 mg/L,BOD5从进水1100 mg/L降到出水＜20 mg/L,处理效率＞98%,排放水质达到广州市污水排放一级标准(DB 4437-1990).废水处理站的长期实际运行结果表明,高效的厌氧处理和臭氧-曝气生物滤池深度处理系统是该工艺处理高浓度废水稳定达标的关键.     

Analysis of countercurrent membrane vapor extraction of a dilute aqueous biosolute

Removal of dilute bioproducts from fermenter broths is a major challenge both to avoid microbe inhibition and to recover solutes economically without water loss. We analyze a proposed new process, membrane vapor extraction (MVE), where semi‐volatile dilute aqueous solutes vaporize at the upstream side of an omniphobic, microporous membrane and dissolve into a nonpolar solvent highly favorable to the solutes but not to water. A new membrane‐process analysis is outlined and applied to the countercurrent recovery of 2 wt % aqueous butanol by a prototype solvent (dodecane) at 40°C. Thermodynamic phase equilibria, pioneered by the Prausnitz school, are crucial to MVE process design. Over 90% of the feed butanol is recovered with essentially no water loss giving a separation factor of over 1000. Energy requirements in MVE are low. Our design calculations demonstrate that MVE is a viable separation process to remove and recover dilute aqueous biosolutes. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 2795–2809, 2015     

聚丙烯中空纤维膜在低浓度醋酸废水处理中的应用

膜萃取是膜分离与液液萃取相结合的一种新型分离技术,文中采用膜萃取技术处理糠醛生产过程中产生的大量低浓度醋酸废水.络合萃取剂选用了一定比例的络合剂、稀释剂和调节剂配制成;测定了低浓度下醋酸在萃取相和水相中的分配系数;分别用实验室热致相法制备的聚丙烯(iPP)中空纤维膜和德国Membrana商用iPP中空纤维膜,以醋酸萃取...     

New liquid membrane technology for simultaneous extraction and stripping of copper(II) from wastewater

In this paper, a new liquid membrane technique, hollow fiber renewal liquid membrane (HFRLM), is presented, which is based on the surface renewal theory, and integrates the advantages of fiber membrane extraction, liquid film permeation and other liquid membrane processes. The results from the system of CuSO₄+D2EHPA in kerosene+HCl show that the HFRLM process is very stable. The liquid membrane is renewed constantly during the process, the direct contact of organic droplets and aqueous phase provides large mass transfer area. These effects can significantly reduce the mass transfer resistance in the lumen side. Then the mixture of feed phase and organic phase flowing through the lumen side gives a higher mass transfer rate than that of stripping phase and organic phase, because the aqueous layer diffusion of feed phase is the rate-controlling step. The overall mass transfer coefficient increases with increasing flow rates and D2EHPA concentration in the organic phase, and with decreasing initial copper concentration in the feed phase. The overall mass transfer coefficient also increases with increasing pH in the feed phase, and reaches a maximum value at pH of 4.44, then decreases. Also, there is a favorable w/o volume ratio of 20:1 to 30:1 for this process. Compared with hollow fiber supported liquid membrane and hollow fiber membrane extraction processes, HFRLM process has a high mass transfer rate. Mathematical model for the HFRLM process based on the surface renewal theory is developed. The calculated results are in good agreement with experimental results under the conditions studied.