冠心病与脂蛋白(a)的关系

目的探讨冠心病患者与对照者血清脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]水平差异,及LP(a)与冠心病之间的关系。方法所有110例入选对象均为住院患者,其中冠状动脉造影检查确诊冠心病组60例,冠状动脉造影检查非冠心病者50例为对照组,所有患者均测定空腹血糖(FBG)、血清总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDLC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoAI)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)与脂蛋白(a)。所有资料均进行正态性检验。结果冠心病组血清ApoAI、HDL-C显著低于对照组[(1.10±0.25)g/L对(1.24±0.27)g/L],[(1.20±0.27)mmol/L vs.(1.30±0.22)mmol/L]。结论冠心病患者血清LP(a)较对照组增高,LP(a)对冠心病的发展起促进作用。LP(a)通过促进内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞对其氧化修饰及巨噬细胞与氧化型Lp(a)结合,使血管平滑肌细胞、巨噬细胞内脂质不断增多,进而转化为泡沫细胞[1]导致动脉粥样硬化;刺激内皮细胞粘附分子的表达,诱导平滑肌细胞的增值,使血管腔狭窄。与对照组比较,冠心病组血清LP(a)水平明显升高,多因素分析显示,LP(a)起独立作用,是冠心病的危险因子,并且不受性别、年龄、血压及胆固醇的影响。由于LP(a)所含的Apo(a)与纤溶酶基因紧密连锁,有相同的抗原决定族,产生与纤溶酶原高度同源的复合物,与LDL共价形成聚合物,延长在血管内膜下的存留时间,使LP(a)在内膜下易与细胞外基质纤维连接蛋白结合,延缓血管壁损伤的修复。而且LP(a)与纤溶酶原结构相似,竞争性的抑制纤溶酶原与血小板结合,抑制纤溶酶原转化为纤溶酶,同时Lp(a)是纤溶酶原激动剂的抑制剂,可以增加纤溶酶原激动剂抑制因子活性,导致纤溶酶原不能被t-PA激活为纤溶酶,阻止纤维蛋白溶解,引起血栓形成,使之成为致动脉硬化及血栓形成的主要促发因子。     

绝经后女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清脂蛋白(a)水平的变化

目的:研究女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清脂蛋白(a)[Lp(a)]水平的变化。方法:对124例拟诊为不稳定型心绞痛的女性高血压患者分别测定血总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和Lp(a)水平,并行选择性冠状动脉造影明确诊断。结果:冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病者77例(冠心病组),血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和Lp(a)水平分别为(6·11±1·15)、(1·89±1·06)、(3·92±1·31)、(1·04±0·25)mmol/L和(279·84±309·31)mg/L。冠状动脉造影除外冠心病者(对照组)47例,血清TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C和Lp(a)水平分别为(5·59±1·02)、(1·85±0·78)、(3·08±0·71)、(1·20±0·59)mmol/L和(187·13±145·42)mg/L。冠心病组血清TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C水平与对照组比较差异无统计学意义,而Lp(a)较对照组显著升高(P<0·05)。Lp(a)水平与TC和LDL-C呈正相关。结论:女性高血压并发不稳定型心绞痛患者血清Lp(a)水平升高。     

老年冠心病与血清炎性因子的关系

目的探讨血清白细胞介素6(interleukin-6,IL-6)、TNF-α和抗炎因子IL-10与老年冠心病的关系。方法选取老年冠心病患者471例作为冠心病组,同期选择冠状动脉造影证实无冠状动脉狭窄的非冠心病患者作为对照组405例,记录患者的临床资料,包括年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、血糖、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C等,同时采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测2组患者的血清IL-6、IL-10、TNF-α等炎性因子水平,并进行分析。结果冠心病组患者LDL-C和TG水平高于对照组,而HDL-C水平低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。冠心病组血清IL-6及TNF-α水平明显高于对照组[(136.18±22.76)μg/Lvs(115.96±18.94)μg/L,(134.11±36.56)μg/Lvs(97.99±30.99)μg/L]、冠心病组血清IL-10水平低于对照组[(92.99±39.92)μg/L vs(144.48±65.96)μg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论血清IL-6和TNF-α可能与老年患者冠心病的发生相关;血清IL-10可能与冠心病的发生呈负相关。     

血浆脂蛋白(a)与冠心病的相关性研究

目的 探讨血浆脂蛋白(a)[Iipeprotein(a),Lp(a)]水平升高与冠心病的相关性.方法 入选2007年10月至2009年3月因胸痛人院的患者1011例,其中经冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的患者613例(占60.6%),设为冠心病组,非冠心病患者398例(占39.4%),设为对照组.以免疫透射比浊法测定Lp(a)、载脂蛋白A1(apoAl)、载脂蛋白B(apoB).以酶法测甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),计算LDL-C/HDL-C比值,进行多因素logistic回归分析.结果 (1)冠心病组的Lp(a)、TC、TC、LDL-C、apoB水平及LDL-C/HDL-C比值分别为(170.00±160.00)ms/L、(1.84±0.90)naml/L、(4.86±0. 88)mmol/L、(3.31±0.72)mmol/L、(0.97±0.17)mmol/L及3.39±0.93,而对照组相应值分别为(120.00±100.00)mg/L、(1.67±0.72)mmol/L、(4.61±0.95)mmol/L、(2.96±0.80)mmol/L、(0.90±0.18)mmol/L及2.89±0.92,冠心病组均显著高于对照组(P均<0.05).(2)多因素logistic回归分析(前进法)显示Lp(a)是诊断冠心病最显著的独立危险因素(DR=16.201,95%可信区间3.477,75.489,P=0.0001).结论 Lp(a)为冠心病最显著的独立危险因素.     

急性早幼粒细胞白血病患者三氧化二砷维持治疗期间的血脂代谢特征分析

目的:探讨三氧化二砷(ATO)维持治疗急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)时患者血脂代谢特征。方法:回顾性分析33例APL患者ATO维持治疗前、治疗第8天及第15天外周血总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(Apo-A1)、载脂蛋白B(Apo-B)浓度变化。结果:与治疗前比较,APL患者治疗第8天TG值明显升高[(3.64±1.69)mmol/L∶(1.99±0.95)mmol/L,P=0.024],治疗第15天仍维持在较高水平[(3.51±1.77)mmol/L∶(1.99±0.95)mmol/L,P=0.042]。TC、HDL-C、LDL-C、Apo-A1和Apo-B五个脂类代谢指标在ATO维持治疗期间均未见明显变化(均P0.05)。结论:ATO诱导治疗APL过程中,短期内血清TG水平升高,可能与ATO干扰肝脏内脂类代谢过程有关。     

血清胆红素与血脂及冠状动脉病变程相关性研究

目的:探讨冠心病患者血清胆红素与血脂及冠状动脉病变程度的相关性.方法:将346例冠状动脉造影患者分为冠心病(287例)对照组(59例).分别测定血清胆红素、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDIL-C)浓度.根据美国心脏病学会(AHA)评分标准,结合冠状动脉造影结果进行冠状动脉狭窄程度评分.观察2组病例总胆红素(TBIL)与血脂及冠状动脉狭窄程度的相关性.结果:外周血TBIL浓度冠心病组(7.6±3.2)μmol/L比对照组(12.1±3.2)μmol/L低,差异有显著性(P<0.05);TC、LDL-C浓度冠心病组(5.79±1.53)mmol/L、(5.34±1.48)mmol/L较对照组(3.82±1.15)mmoL/L、(2.27±0.69)mmol/L高差异有显著性(P<0.05);HDL-C浓度冠心病组(1.11±0.57)mmol/L较对照组(1.46±0.23)mmol/L低差异有显著性(P<0.05);冠心病组TBIL与LDL-C、TC呈负相关,与HDL-C呈正相关;冠状动脉狭窄指数与TBIL、LDL-C、HDL-C有相关关系;多因素回归分析显示LDL-C及TBIL与冠状动脉狭窄指数明显相关.结论:冠心病患者TBIL水平降低;冠心病患者TBIL与TC及LDL-C有显著负相关,与HDL-C呈显著正相关;冠心病患者冠状动脉狭窄程度与TBIL及HDL-C呈负相关.     

老年冠心病患者合并危险因素及冠状动脉病变特点

目的对比老年与青年冠心病患者相关危险因素合并情况及冠状动脉病变特点。方法选取廊坊第四人民医院心内科2012年2月~2015年5月收治的老年冠心病患者100例为研究组,男性71例,女性29例,年龄63~87岁,平均年龄(72.8±2.7)岁。另选同期收治的青年冠心病患者100例为对照组,男性76例,女性24例,年龄29~44岁,平均年龄(35.8±1.7)岁。收集患者一般资料和生化指标资料,包括血压、三酰甘油(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)等。冠状动脉造影检查冠状动脉病变情况。结果与对照组比较,研究组收缩压升高,脉压增大,合并高血压和糖尿病以及心血管疾病家族史的比例增加,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。与对照组比较,研究组尿酸和尿素氮升高,[(345.2±45.2)μmol/L vs.(361.5±85.2)μmol/L],[(4.9±1.2)mmol/L vs.(6.3±1.4)mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。对照组较研究组TG升高,HDL-C降低,[(2.3±0.7)mmol/L vs.(1.7±0.9)mmol/L],[(1.1±0.3)mmol/L vs.(1.3±0.2)mmol/L],差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。研究组较对照组左回旋支和右冠状动脉病变比例增加,三支病变比例增加,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。结论老年较青年冠心病患者应积极控制血压、尿酸、尿素氮,也要警惕高血压、糖尿病及心血管病家族史,冠状动脉受累情况更严重,应予以重视。     

太极拳结合心理干预改善代谢综合征患者危险因素及脂联素的研究

目的:探讨心理干预结合48式太极拳对代谢综合征(MS)患者各危险因素的影响。方法:154名MS患者被随机分为两组,对照组(76例)和干预组(78例),对其实验前后的脂联素(APN)、人体质量指数(BMI)、收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇(LDL-C)、腰围(WC)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)等指标进行测试分析。结果:(1)与对照组治疗后比较,干预组治疗后BMI[(30.06±3.85)kg/m2∶(27.78±3.96)kg/m2]、WC[(99.35±13.56)cm∶(90.17±12.31)cm],TC[(4.71±0.38)mmol/L∶(3.65±0.62)mmol/L]、FPG[(5.86±0.31)mmol/L∶(4.69±0.38)mmol/L]及2hPG[(7.93±0.18)mmol/L∶(6.12±0.34)mmol/L]显著下降(P均0.05);(2)与治疗前比较,治疗后APN水平:干预组的[(6.67±2.05)μg/ml∶(9.24±2.10)μg/ml]和对照组的[(6.43±2.42)μg/ml∶(8.91±2.34)μg/ml]均明显升高(P0.05),但组间无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:心理干预结合48式太极拳能有效改善代谢综合征患者的脂质代谢、糖代谢,提高脂联素水平。     

血清胆红素及尿酸水平与冠心病的相关性研究

目的探讨血清胆红素及尿酸水平与冠心病之间的关系。方法经选择性冠状动脉造影确诊为冠心病的225例患者作为冠心病组,同期行冠状动脉造影后排除冠心病的206例患者作为对照组,入选者均检测血清总胆红素、直接胆红素、间接胆红素、尿酸及血脂水平,并进行比较分析。结果与对照组比较,冠心病组患者总胆红素、直接胆红素和间接胆红素水平明显下降[(11.16±2.12)μmol/L比(16.45±2.36)μmol/L,(2.53±1.21)μmol/L比(3.35±2.11)μmol/L,(7.63±2.48)μmol/L比(9.52±3.27)μmol/L],尿酸、总胆固醇、三酰甘油和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平明显升高[(369.82±95.62)μmol/L比(302.69±72.53)μmol/L,(5.13±1.48)mmol/L比(4.35±1.32)mmol/L,(1.65±0.23)mmol/L比(1.12±0.17)mmol/L,(3.26±1.24)mmol/L比(2.59±1.06)mmol/L],差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.01)。结论血清胆红素水平的降低和尿酸水平的升高与冠心病发生相关。     

慢性乙型肝炎与非酒精性脂肪性肝病患者内皮功能检测

目的探讨慢性乙型肝炎(CHB)、非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)和CHB合并NAFLD患者内皮功能和脂质代谢的差异。方法在CHB患者32例,NAFLD患者35例和CHB合并NAFLD患者44例,使用Endo-PAT2000内皮功能检测仪测定外周动脉张力(PAT),并计算血管反应性充血指数(RHI);检测空腹血糖(FPG)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A(apo A)、载脂蛋白B(apo B)、脂蛋白a(LP-A)和游离脂肪酸(FFA)等血液生化指标。结果 NAFLD患者RHI(1.95±0.44)显著高于CHB患者[(1.68±0.28),P0.05];NAFLD和CHB合并NAFLD患者体质指数【BMI分别为(24.77±3.13)kg/m~2和(25.79±2.80)kg/m~2]、TG[(1.52±0.70)mmol/L和(1.68±0.89)mmol/L]、TC[(4.32±0.1.32)mmol/L和(4.18±1.18)mmol/L]、LDL-C[(10.72±46.51)mmol/L和(2.71±0.96)mmol/L]apo B[(0.90±0.20)g/L和(0.85±0.28)g/L]均显著高于CHB患者[(22.63±3.14)kg/m~2、(0.89±0.26)mmol/L(3.51±0.74)mmol/L(2.23±0.56)mmol/L(0.68±0.15)g/L,P0.01]。结论 CHB与NAFLD患者内皮功能和脂质代谢可能存在差异。     

Increased levels of lipoprotein (a) in Crohn's disease: a relation to thrombosis?

OBJECTIVE: Lipoprotein (a) is recognized as a risk factor for arterial and venous thrombosis, a property that might be related to its structural similarity to plasminogen. Since patients with inflammatory bowel disease frequently suffer from thromboembolic events, we studied the role of lipoprotein (a) in conjunction with lipids and apolipoproteins in Greek patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. METHODS: Lipoprotein (a), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A-1 and apolipoprotein B-100 were determined in sera from 129 consecutive fasting Greek patients with inflammatory bowel disease (66 with ulcerative colitis and 63 with Crohn's disease) and from 66 matched healthy controls. RESULTS: In Crohn's disease patients, the mean serum lipoprotein (a) level was significantly higher than in control patients (41.2 mg/dl vs 22.9 mg/dl; P = 0.005). Mean apolipoprotein A-1 and apolipoprotein B-100 levels were significantly lower in Crohn's disease patients than in the controls. In ulcerative colitis patients the mean levels of lipoprotein (a) and apolipoprotein A-1 were not significantly different to the controls, but the levels of apolipoprotein B-100 were significantly lower. Raised levels of lipoprotein (a) of > 30 mg/dl were found in 29 Crohn's disease patients (46%), 15 ulcerative colitis patients (23%) and 11 control patients (17%). Patients with active Crohn's disease had significantly higher mean lipoprotein (a) and lower apolipoprotein A-1 than patients with non-active disease. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that Crohn's disease patients have different lipoprotein (a) and apolipoprotein patterns compared to ulcerative colitis patients and healthy controls. These changes in Crohn's disease patients may possibly expose them to a higher risk of thrombosis.     

Lipoprotein(a) and other cardiovascular metabolic risk factors in Kuwaiti children with type-1 diabetes

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Lipoprotein(a) synthesis and catabolism could be influenced by insulin or by diabetes metabolic complications in patients with type-1 diabetes. The aim of the study was to investigate the relation of plasma lipoprotein(a) concentrations with metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in Kuwaiti children with uncomplicated type-1 diabetes. METHODS: This case-control study included 115 (44 males and 71 females) diabetic children aged 6-18 years matched by age and sex to 115 non-diabetic children as controls. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the mean lipoprotein(a) concentrations in type-1 diabetic children (27.34 mg/dl) and their controls (22.80 mg/dl). Total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1 and B levels were significantly higher in diabetic children than controls. In diabetic children, significant correlations were found between lipoprotein(a) levels and glycated hemoglobin (r = 0.249, p = 0.011), total cholesterol (r = 0.208, p = 0.025), and apolipoprotein B (r = 0.349, p < 0.001). The proportion of diabetic children with lipoprotein(a) >30 mg/dl was significantly higher in those having poor glycemic control (glycated hemoglobin >9.0%, p = 0.013), raised total cholesterol (p = 0.033), or with a family history of cardiovascular disease (p = 0.006). CONCLUSION: Plasma lipoprotein(a) levels were not elevated in young type-1 diabetic children compared to non-diabetic controls; however, lipoprotein(a) levels were significantly higher in diabetic children with poor glycemic control. Moreover, there were significant correlations between lipoprotein(a) and the metabolic cardiovascular risk factors total cholesterol, atherogenic index, apolipoprotein B and apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio.     

Serum lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins in patients with senile dementia]

Serum lipid, lipoprotein, apolipoprotein, and sterol profiles were studied in 22 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) and 29 patients with vascular dementia (VD). Levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) were lower in both patients groups of SDAT and VD than in control group. Apolipoprotein AI and AII are two major proteins in HDL. In this study, apolipoprotein AI levels were normal, but apolipoprotein AII levels were lower in the patient groups, especially in the VD group, than in the control group. Lipoprotein(a) levels were higher in both patient groups, especially in the VD group. There were no differences of cholesterol, cholesterol precursors (desmosterol and lathosterol), and plant sterols (campesterol and beta-sitosterol) among the three groups. Murine apolipoprotein AII is a serum precursor of murine senile amyloid protein, and the apolipoprotein AII variant with proline-->glutamine substitution at position 5 in the serum of accelerated senescence-prone mice is identical to the murine senile amyloid fibril protein from amyloid-deposited tissues of these mice. In human SDAT and VD, the reason for the low level of apolipoprotein AII remains unclear.     

老年冠心病患者血清脂质与脂质过氧化的关系

本文观察了４４例老年冠心病者及３０例健康老年人血脂水平及丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶的血清含量。     

Differentiating hyperlipidaemia associated with antiretroviral therapy

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidaemia associated with antiretroviral treatment has led to concerns for an increased cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected patients. OBJECTIVE: To assess this cardiovascular risk by comparing the lipoprotein pattern of antiretroviral-treated and untreated HIV-positive patients with patients with familial combined hyperlipidaemia (high cardiovascular risk) or familial hypertriglyceridaemia (low cardiovascular risk). METHODS: Fasting serum samples were drawn from consecutive patients with HIV infection or lipoprotein disorders. Total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein A1 and B were determined in serum. Very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) was prepared by ultracentrifugation and analysed for cholesterol, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B. RESULTS: Lipoprotein disorders were found in 114/187 HIV-positive patients (61%). Of these, according to the Fredrickson classification, 10% were type IIa (elevated LDL-cholesterol), 14% type IIb (elevated LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol) and 76% were type IV (elevated VLDL-cholesterol). VLDL composition was analysed in 34 HIV-positive patients with type IV hyperlipidaemia. The ratio of VLDL-triglycerides to VLDL-apolipoprotein B in these patients was 16.2 +/- 6.0. This ratio was not different from 14 patients with famlial hypertriglyceridaemia (16.9 +/- 6.0; = 0.61), but differed substantially from 10 patients with familial combined hyperlipidaemia (6.8 +/- 1.0; < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: In HIV-infected patients with high VLDL, large VLDL particles were found with no increase in number. This pattern resembles familial hypertriglyceridaemia. It is different from familial combined hyperlipidaemia, where an increase in number of small-sized VLDL particles occurs. Further research is needed to assess the contribution of VLDL-associated hypercholesterolaemia in those taking antiretroviral drugs to the cardiovascular risk profile of HIV-positive patients.     

老年冠心病患者血清脂质和脂质过氧化物测定的临床意义

本文观测了４４例老年冠心病患者血清脂质，丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶，并与健康老年人对照比较，结果显示除胆固醇外其余各项指标２组间均有显著差异，老年ＣＨＤ组ＭＤＡ明显高于对照组，而ＳＯＤ则与之相反。多元回归分析表明，血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇，而血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇与ＳＯＤ呈显著正相关。提示老年ＣＨＤ患者高脂血症与脂质过氧化间有一定关系，它对判断老年ＣＨＤ的病情及预后有重要参考意义。     

辛伐他汀对高脂血症患者载脂蛋白E的影响

目的探讨辛伐他汀对高脂血症患者血清总载脂蛋白E(apoE)水平的影响。方法40例高脂血症患者每晚顿服辛伐他汀10mg4周,比较服药前后血清甘油三酯(TG)、胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、apoA1、apoB、apoE及脂蛋白(a)〔Lp(a)〕水平的变化。结果用药后血清TC及TG分别下降21．3％及9．2％(P<0．001,<0．05),LDL-C下降24．7％(P<0．01),apoB及apoE分别下降13．8％及34．7％(P<0．05,<0．001),apoA1增加7．5％(P<0．05)。apoE下降幅值分别与其自身基础值和TG及LDL-C基础值呈正相关(P<0．01,<0．01,<0．05)。HDL-C呈增高趋势,Lp(a)改变无统计学差异。结论辛伐他汀能导致血清apoE水平显著下降其可能参与了抗动脉粥样硬化过程。     

Serum high-density lipoprotein particles of alcohol-fed rats are deficient in apolipoprotein E

Effects of chronic ethanol consumption on serum lipoproteins have been studied in the rat. The serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids and apolipoproteins AI and AIV increased significantly after 1 week of ethanol feeding, and they remained elevated up to 7 weeks of alcohol drinking. By contrast, serum total apolipoprotein E decreased or, sometimes, did not change. Very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides and very-low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein E of the alcohol-fed rats increased in parallel and were about 2- to 2.5-fold over the controls. Whereas high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, phospholipids, apolipoprotein AI and AIV increased 1.2-fold by chronic alcohol feeding, the level of high-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein E decreased to 70% of that of the control rats. The rates of secretion of apolipoprotein AI, E and AIV into the culture medium by hepatocytes isolated from ethanol-fed rats were 1.8-, 1.3- and 1.1-fold higher than those from control rats. These data indicate that (i) chronic ethanol feeding increases very-low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein in the rat; (ii) serum high-density lipoprotein particles of the ethanol-fed rats are deficient in apolipoprotein E, and (iii) chronic ethanol feeding increases hepatic secretion of apolipoprotein AI, E and AIV. Since the steady-state serum level of apolipoprotein E decreases or remains unchanged in the presence of increased hepatic apolipoprotein E secretion, this imbalance suggests that alcohol feeding either accelerates the rate of degradation of serum apolipoprotein E or suppresses apolipoprotein E synthesis by nonhepatic tissues.     

Chronic consumers of boiled coffee have elevated serum levels of lipoprotein(a)

Objectives. Lipoprotein(a) consists of an LDL-particle attached to apolipoprotein(a), which is made by the liver. Diterpenes present in boiled coffee raise serum levels of LDL cholesterol and of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase in man. We investigated the association between intake of boiled coffee and serum levels of lipoprotein(a).
Design, setting and subjects. Healthy Norwegians 40–42 years of age, who habitually consumed five or more cups of boiled coffee per day ( n =150) were compared with matched filter coffee consumers ( n =159) in a cross-sectional study, as part of the Norwegian National Health Screening in 1992.
Results. The median lipoprotein(a) level was 13.0 mg  dL⁻¹ (10th and 90th percentile: 2.5 and 75.0 mg  dL⁻¹, respectively) on boiled and 7.9 mg dL^-1 (10th and 90th percentile: 1.9 and 62.5 mg dL⁻¹, respectively) on filter coffee ( P =0.048). Means±SE were 25.8±2.4 mg dL⁻¹ and 19.6±2.0 mg dL⁻¹, respectively ( P =0.04). Although not statistically significant, subjects consuming nine or more cups of coffee per day had higher lipoprotein(a) levels than those drinking five to eight cups per day in both coffee groups.
Conclusion. Chronic consumers of unfiltered, boiled coffee have higher serum levels of lipoprotein(a) than filter coffee drinkers.     

Determinants of lipoprotein(a) levels in a middle-aged working population

BACKGROUND: The association between blood lipids, apolipoproteins, fibrinogen,life-style-related factors and lipoprotein(a) was assessed ina cohort of middle-aged men. METHODS: Male employees, working in local industry, were invited to participatein a health survey at their worksite. After exclusion of ninepersons with prevalent diabetes and 14 subjects with a historyof myocardial infarction or angina, data were available on 720healthy Caucasian men. RESULTS: Lipoprotein(a) concentration was measured using an enzyme-linkedimmunosorbent assay (ELISA), and distribution was found to behighly skewed with a median level of 9mg. dl^–1 (mean level23.1 mg . dl^–1). The percentage of subjects with lipoprotein(a)levels higher than 30 mg. dl^–1 was 23.6%. Univariate analysisshowed a significant association between lipoprotein(a) andage, total cholesterol, apolipoprotein B and fibrinogen. However,no relationship was found with body mass index, waist to hipratio, smoking, blood pressure, alcohol consumption, diet, HDLcholesterol, apolipoprotein Al and apolipoprotein E concentrationor apolipoprotein E polymorphism. In multivariate analysis,In-transformed lipoprotein(a) correlated positively with apolipoproteinB (P<0.0001) and fibrinogen (P=0.004). Proportional changesin lipoprotein(a) concentration were predicted in relation tospecified changes in biochemical and lifestyle variables. A20 mg. d^–1 increase in apolipoprotein B and a 75 mg. dl^–1increasein fibrinogen levels were estimated to increase lipoprotein(a)concentration by 29.4% and 2l.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our data confirm the existence of an independent associationbetween lipoprotein(a) and fibrinogen and give evidence forcorrelation with apolipoprotein B.