乳腺浸润性导管癌中Clusterin蛋白表达及其与临床病理特征的关系

[目的]探讨细胞凋亡抑制因子Clusterin在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理因素的关系。[方法]应用免疫组化SP法检测70例乳腺浸润性导管癌、20例乳腺增生和10例乳腺癌旁组织标本中Clusterin的表达情况。[结果]Clusterin在乳腺癌旁正常组织、乳腺增生及乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为0、20.0%及71.4%,乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的Clusterin表达水平明显高于乳腺增生及乳腺癌旁正常组织(P<0.05)。Clusterin蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达与临床分期、组织学分级及淋巴结转移情况有关(P<0.05),而与患者年龄、肿瘤大小无关(P>0.05)。在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Clusterin与ER、PR的表达呈负相关(P<0.05)。[结论]Clusterin可能在乳腺癌的发生发展中发挥重要促进作用,可望成为乳腺浸润性导管癌诊断中的标志物及新的治疗靶点。     

溶血磷脂酸及其受体和IL-6 IL-8在乳腺癌进展中的表达变化与意义

  目的  探讨溶血磷脂酸(lysophosphatidic acid, LPA)及其受体和IL-6与IL-8在乳腺癌进展中的表达及临床意义。  方法  采用半定量RT-PCR方法检测乳腺肿瘤组织和瘤旁组织中LPA受体的表达水平。采用LPA生化测定法和酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)法分别检测乳腺肿瘤患者和健康妇女的血浆LPA、IL-6和IL-8水平。  结果  术后复发转移乳腺癌患者血浆LPA、IL-6、IL-8的表达水平均显著高于局限期乳腺癌和良性乳腺肿瘤患者及健康妇女(P均 < 0.05);LPA1在乳腺癌组织中的表达水平显著高于良性乳腺肿瘤组织和正常乳腺组织(P < 0.05);乳腺癌患者血浆LPA水平与IL-6和IL-8水平均呈正相关(P均 < 0.01)。  结论  LPA对乳腺癌患者内源性IL-6和IL-8的表达可能具有上调作用, 检测LPA、IL-6和IL-8的表达水平对乳腺癌的转移可能有一定的预测作用, 尤其是骨转移。      

簇集蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及临床意义

 目的　探讨细胞凋亡抑制因子簇集蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及临床意义。方法　应用免疫组织化学SP法检测70例乳腺浸润性导管癌、20例乳腺增生和10例乳腺癌旁组织（距癌组织≥4 cm,组织学结构正常）标本中簇集蛋白的表达情况,并探讨其与乳腺癌各临床病理学参数间的关系。结果　簇集蛋白在乳腺癌旁正常组织、乳腺增生及乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的阳性表达率分别为0、20.0 %（4／20）及71.4 ％（50／70）,乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的簇集蛋白表达水平明显高于乳腺增生（χ2＝17.143,P＜0.05）及乳腺癌旁正常组织（χ2＝19.048,P＜0.05）;簇集蛋白在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达随着临床分期的增加阳性表达率显著升高（χ2＝4.667,P＜0.05）且与组织学分级（χ2＝5.233,P＜0.05）及淋巴结转移情况（χ2＝4.667,P＜0.05）有关,与患者年龄、肿瘤大小及组织学类型无关（χ2值分别为0.024、0.406、0.091,均P＞0.05）。在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中簇集蛋白与ER、PR的表达负相关（r值分别为-0.362、-0.290,均P＜0.05）,与C-erbB-2的表达无相关性（r＝0.129,P＞0.05）。结论　簇集蛋白可能通过抑制细胞凋亡在乳腺癌的发生、发展中发挥重要促进作用,可能成为乳腺浸润性导管癌诊断中的标志物,并有望成为乳腺癌治疗的新靶点。     

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织Bmi-1的表达及其临床意义

目的:探讨Bmi-1在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理特征的关系。方法:免疫组化法检测84例乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、c-erbB-2和B细胞特异性莫洛尼小鼠白血病病毒整合位点-1(Bmi-1)表达,并取其中43例(51.2%)乳腺癌新鲜肿瘤组织和癌旁的正常组织,采用RT-PCR方法检测其Bmi-1表达。结果:84例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Bmi-1蛋白阳性表达率为56.0%(47/84)。43例乳腺癌新鲜肿瘤组织中Bmi-1mRNA阳性表达率为67.4%(29/43)。Bmi-1过表达与临床晚期及ER阴性表达显著相关,P<0.05。Bmi-1表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级以及PR、c-erbB-2表达均无明显相关性,P>0.05。Bmi-1在乳腺浸润性导管癌与癌旁正常组织中的表达差异有统计学意义,P<0.01。结论:Bmi-1过表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌的发生、发展有关。Bmi-1可能成为预测乳腺浸润性导管癌临床分期的新分子标志。     

MDR1和Anxa2在乳腺癌组织中的表达与侵袭转移的关系研究

探讨乳腺癌组织中多药耐药基因（MDR1）和膜联蛋白（Anxa2）表达的相关性及其与乳腺癌转移的关系。方法:应用荧光定量PCR的方法检测20例配对的乳腺导管内癌、100例乳腺浸润性导管癌、70例癌旁正常组织中MDR1和Anxa2 mRNA的相对表达情况。结果:MDR1 mRNA在乳腺导管内癌中的表达水平明显高于癌旁正常组织（P=0.005）,乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中mRNA的表达明显高于癌旁正常组织（P=0.017）和导管内癌（P=0.019 6）。Anxa2 mRNA在乳腺导管内癌中表达与癌旁正常组织相比无显著性差异（P=0.188 9）,但是在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达明显高于导管内癌（P=0.000 8）和癌旁正常组织（P<0.000 1）;MDR1和Anxa2 mRNA的表达升高均与患者出现淋巴结转移有关（P<0.01）;2种基因在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达呈正相关（P<0.000 1）。结论:在肿瘤进展过程中,MDR1和Anxa2 mRNA表达上调与乳腺癌的淋巴结转移有关,二者之间表达具有正相关提示肿瘤细胞的多药耐药的获得和肿瘤侵袭转移之间有着密切联系。      

乳腺浸润性导管癌组织Livin和Caspase-3蛋白表达及其相关性研究

目的:探讨细胞凋亡相关因子Livin和Caspase-3在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及相关性.方法:应用免疫组织化学SP法检测70例乳腺浸润性导管癌、20例乳腺增生和10例乳腺癌旁组织(距癌组织≥4 cm,组织学结构正常)标本中Livin、Caspase-3的表达情况,探讨两者的相关性及其与临床病理因素的关系.结果:Livin蛋白在癌组织中的阳性表达率为64.3％,高于乳腺增生和乳腺癌旁组织的25.0％和10.0％( P＜0.05);Caspase-3蛋白在癌组织中的阳性表达率为45.7％,明显低于乳腺增生和乳腺癌旁组织中的75.0％和80.0％(P＜0.05);Livin蛋白与Caspase-3蛋白表达呈负相关,P＜0.05.Livin蛋白的阳性表达率随着临床分期增加显著升高(P＜0.05),但与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级、淋巴结转移无关,P＞0.05.Caspase-3蛋白的表达随着临床分期的增加其阳性表达率下降(P＜0.05),与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、组织学分级和淋巴结转移无关,P＞0.05.在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Livin蛋白与ER、PR表达负相关(P＜0.05),与c-erbB-2的表达无相关性,P＞ 0.05.Caspase-3蛋白与ER、PR表达显著正相关(P＜0.05),与c-erbB-2表达无相关性,P＞0.05.结论:Livin在乳腺癌的发生发展中发挥重要促进作用,可能成为乳腺浸润性导管癌诊断中的标志,并有望成为乳腺癌治疗的新靶点.Caspase-3在Livin抗凋亡通路中发挥着重要作用.     

ASAP3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及临床意义

目的:研究乳腺浸润性导管癌中ASAP3的表达,分析其与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理学特征的关系。方法:采用免疫组化方法检测139例乳腺浸润性导管癌及配对50例癌旁乳腺组织中ASAP3的表达情况,并分析ASAP3表达与乳腺癌患者临床病理因素及弹性评分的相关性。结果:ASAP3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的阳性表达率为59.0%（82/139）,在配对的癌旁组织中的阳性表达率为4.0%（2/50）,ASAP3在乳腺癌中的表达明显高于癌旁乳腺组织(P<0.01)。ASAP3表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌的淋巴结转移、原发灶组织学分级及TNM分期相关（P<0.05）,与肿瘤大小、患者年龄、月经状态无明显相关性（P>0.05）。ASAP3与乳腺癌原发灶弹性评分相关（P<0.05）。结论:ASAP3是乳腺浸润性导管癌发生及进展的重要分子,且与肿瘤硬度有相关性。     

COX-2及Ki67在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达及临床意义

目的 探讨COX-2和Ki67在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中的表达情况及其临床意义.方法 采用免疫组化SP方法检测82例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织与癌旁正常组织中COX-2和Ki67的表达,并结合临床病理特点进行分析.结果 82例乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2和Ki67的表达分别为71.95%和64.63%,与癌旁正常组织相比均明显增高(均P<0.001);COX-2和Ki67的表达与肿瘤TNM分期、淋巴结转移、脉管侵犯及组织学分级呈正相关(均P<0.05);Ki67的表达与肿瘤大小呈正相关(P<0.01);Spearman等级相关分析法显示两者表达呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 在乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中COX-2和Ki67的表达均增高,两者与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理特征密切相关,对两者进行联合检测可反映乳腺浸润性导管癌的生物学行为.     

TRAF4蛋白在乳腺癌组织中的表达及意义

背景与目的:对肿瘤坏死因子受体相关因子4(tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 4,TRAF4)在乳腺癌中表达的研究存在争议.本研究探讨TRAF4在正常乳腺组织、乳腺癌组织及不同侵袭能力乳腺癌细胞系中的表达情况.方法:应用免疫组化方法检测TRAF4在70例乳腺癌组织和14例正常乳腺组织中的表达.应用Western blot方法检测TRAF4在乳腺癌细胞系MDA-MA-231(高侵袭)和MCF-7(低侵袭)中的表达.结果:TRAF4在正常乳腺组织中呈浆、核阳性表达.其浆阳性率在正常乳腺组织(78.57%)、非浸润性导管癌(88.57%)和浸润性导管癌(91.43%)中逐渐增高,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).而核阳性率在正常乳腺组织(64.28%)中显著高于非浸润性导管癌(28.57%,P＜0.01),在非浸润性导管癌中高于浸润性导管癌(5.7%,P＜0.05).TRAF4总蛋白在乳腺癌高侵袭细胞系中的表达量高于低侵袭细胞系,但差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:TRAF4在乳腺癌细胞核中表达明显降低,与乳腺癌侵袭性相关.     

乳腺浸润性癌中EZH2定量表达和M2型巨噬细胞相关性及与临床病理特征的关系

目的 观察浸润性乳腺癌中EZH2蛋白的定量表达和CD163阳性巨噬细胞数目,分析上述蛋白与多个临床病理因素的关系以及二者之间的相关性。方法 采用免疫组织化学SP法检测67例原发性浸润性乳腺癌和相应的癌旁组织中EZH2和CD163的表达,用IPP图像分析软件对EZH2蛋白表达进行定量测试,计数高倍视野CD163的个数,分析EZH2和CD163与浸润性乳腺癌临床病理特征的关系,用Spearman法分析二者之间的相关性。结果 EZH2主要定位于乳腺癌细胞核内,在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达显著高于癌旁组织(P=0.000),CD163主要表达于浸润性乳腺癌癌巢周围组织间隙中,定位于组织细胞质内,巢状或散在分布,其在浸润性乳腺癌组织中阳性数目显著高于癌旁组织(P=0.000)。EZH2蛋白定量表达和CD163的阳性数目与浸润性乳腺癌的肿瘤直径、WHO分级、TNM分期、淋巴结转移状况、雌激素受体(estrogen receptor, ER)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor, PR)表达均相关(P均<0.05)。Spearman相关性分析显示浸润性乳腺癌组织中EZH2的定量表...     

Oncogénétique et psycho-oncologie, une collaboration recommandée...

Résumé: La possibilité depuis 1994, de connaître la probabilité individuelle de développer certains cancers a permis de proposer de nouvelles modalités de prévention, de traitements et contribué au développement actuel de loncogénétique. Une meilleure connaissance des répercussions psychologiques tant pour les patients que pour les apparentés est désormais possible et limplication des psycho-oncologues dans ce cadre de la réalisation des tests prédictifs, recommandée. La mission de «messager» qui incombe au «cas-index» doit faire lobjet dune attention particulière. La complexité de linformation et la dimension paradoxale que peut avoir parfois la communication à propos des choix, rend difficile lévaluation de la qualité du consentement. La situation particulièrement délicate dune aide à la décision à légard de la chirurgie prophylactique, exige une collaboration étroite des généticiens et des psycho-oncologues.Les soins de support en oncologie     

The role of papillomaviruses in human cancers

This review comprehensively evaluates the influence of gene-gene, gene-environment and multiple interactions on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods of studying these interactions and their limitations have been discussed herein. There is a need to develop biomarkers of exposure and of risk that are sensitive, specific, present in the pathway of the disease, and that have been clinically tested for routine use. The influence of inherited variation (polymorphism) in several genes has been discussed in this review; however, due to study limitations and confounders, it is difficult to conclude which ones are associated with the highest risk (either individually or in combination with environmental factors) to CRC. The majority of the sporadic cancer is believed to be due to modification of mutation risk by other genetic and/or environmental factors. Micronutrient deficiency may explain the association between low consumption of fruit/vegetables and CRC in human studies. Mitochondrial modulation by dietary factors influences the balance between cell renewal and death critical in colon mucosal homeostasis. Both genetic and epigenetic interactions are intricately dependent on each other, and collectively influence the process of colorectal tumorigenesis. The genetic and environmental interactions present a good prospect and a challenge for prevention strategies for CRC because they support the view that this highly prevalent cancer is preventable.     

Antifungal combination therapy in localized candidosis

A mouse model of localized candidosis in air-filled subcutaneous cysts imitating thrush has been developed. We have now tested various antifungal combinations in this animal model. Flucytosine (5-FC) + amphotericin B (Amph B) showed the highest efficacy, a clear additive or even synergistic effect was seen. The combination of 5-FC + imidazole or triazole derivative was less efficacious, an additive effect was rare. The combination of 5-FC + Amph B was also tested against Candida albicans strains showing various degrees of 5-FC-resistance. A significant reduction in 5-FC-resistant mutants was seen after the treatment with the combination.     

Les génériques en cancérologie: à molécule identique, médicaments identiques? Les biosimilaires, des super-génériques?

Résumé: Les biosimilaires vont bientôt voir leur apparition en Europe. Comment un laboratoire peut-il aborder le développement de son dossier dAMM? Quelles sont les bases légales et les recommandations officielles? Comment la similarité et/ou le caractère générique peuvent-ils être démontrés? Les règles sont-elles identiques à celles des produits chimiques conventionnels pour lesquels, notamment en cancérologie, il existe des médicaments génériques? Comment faire pour que la sécurité et lefficacité des médicaments biosimilaires soient assurées pour les patients?     

Cancer immunotherapy

Unprecedented progress has seen made in the last decade in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The recent approval of nivolumab （Opdivo）, the first anti-programmed cell death-1 （PD-1） antibody, for metastatic melanoma in Japan, marked a milestone in the rapidly advancing field of cancer immunotherapy. Nivolumab together with ipilimumab （Yervoy）, the anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 （CTLA-4） antibody, are the first 2 drugs in the class of ＂immune checkpoint inhibitors＂ that have delivered impressive responses in patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer （RCC） as well as a variety of solid tumors.     

Effect of tumor therapeutic irradiation on the mechanical properties of teeth tissue

Tumor irradiation of the head-neck area is accompanied by the development of a so-called radiation caries in the treated patients. In spite of conservative therapeutic measures, the process results in tooth destruction. The present study investigated the effects of irradiation on the demineralization and remineralization of the dental tissue. For this purpose, retained third molars were prepared and assigned either to a test group, which was exposed to fractional irradiation up to 60 Gy, or to a non-irradiated control group. Irradiated and non-irradiated teeth were then demineralized using acidic hydroxyl-cellulose gel; afterwards the teeth were remineralized using either Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee. The nanoindentation technique was used to measure the mechanical properties, hardness and elasticity, of the teeth in each of the conditions. The values were compared to the non-irradiated control group. Irradiation decreased dramatically the mechanical parameters of enamel and dentine. In nonirradiated teeth, demineralization had nearly the same effects of irradiation on the mechanical properties. In irradiated teeth, the effects of demineralization were negligible in comparison to non-irradiated teeth. Remineralization with Bifluorid12 or elmex gelee led to a partial improvement of the mechanical properties of the teeth. The enamel was more positively affected by remineralization than the dentine.     

Consultation multidisciplinaire pour les patients atteints d’une pathologie tumorale (carcinome infiltrant ou lésion précancéreuse) liée à HPV : la consultation multidisciplinaire papillomavirus

Given the recent increase in the number of human papillomavirus (HPV)-induced cancers in other locations than gynaecological, the number of patients with two cancers at distinct sites, and because of the lack of exhaustive data, we decided to create a multidisciplinary network around an HPV consultation at the Georges-Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP). This network aims to set up the best tools for detecting HPV-associated “multisite” precancerous lesions in order to determine the possible impact of dedicated care for this at-risk population. This monthly consultation was created at the HEGP in June 2014. It is currently organized around five consultations: gynaecological, ENT, urological, digestive and immunological. Every patient who has been diagnosed with HPV-related cancer and whose care is provided at the HEGP is offered this particular follow-up: systematically, once the initial lesion has been treated, the patient is convened annually for a day during which it benefits from the consultations mentioned above. A consultation with a psychologist is systematically proposed. Local samples are taken at each site: a cytological examination, the analysis of known predictive and prognostic virological markers are carried out. This study fits more broadly in a theme of clinical and fundamental research around cancers related to HPV.     

Differentiation state and invasiveness of human breast cancer cell lines

Summary Eighteen breast cancer cell lines were examined for expression of markers of epithelial and fibroblastic differentiation: E-cadherin, desmoplakins, ZO-1, vimentin, keratin and ₁ and ₄ integrins. The cell lines were distributed along a spectrum of differentiation from epithelial to fibroblastic phenotypes. The most well-differentiated, epithelioid cell lines contained proteins characteristic of desmosomal, adherens and tight junctions, were adherent to one another on plastic and in the basement membrane matrix Matrigel and were keratin-positive and vimentin-negative. These cell lines were all weakly invasive in anin vitro chemoinvasion assay. The most poorly-differentiated, fibroblastic cell lines were E-cadherin-, desmoplakin- and ZO-1-negative and formed branching structures in Matrigel. They were vimentin-positive, contained only low levels of keratins and were highly invasive in thein vitro chemoinvasion assay. Of all of the markers analyzed, vimentin expression correlated best within vitro invasive ability and fibroblastic differentiation. In a cell line with unstable expression of vimentin, T47D_CO, the cells that were invasive were of the fibroblastic type. The differentiation markers described here may be useful for analysis of clinical specimens and could potentially provide a more precise measure of differentiation grade yielding more power for predicting prognosis.