妊娠期糖耐量受损与Ghrelin基因多态性的关联性研究

Objective To investigate whether the polymorphism of the Ghrelin gene is associated with gestational impaired glucose tolerance and its distribution in Chinese Han population. Methods We assessed common genetic variation of the Ghrelin ten single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)in 94 patients with gestational impaired glucose tolerance and 102 control by using the restriction fragment length polymorphism method.. In addition, haplotype assays were conducted. Results The genotype distributions of these ten common polymorphisms in gestational impaired glucose tolerance patients were not significantly different from those of normal controls in statistics(x2=2.790,0.224,0.072,2.887,0.004,1.073,0.653,0.671;x2 =2.553,0.391,0. 108,4. 812,0. 005,3. 278,1. 308,3. 364, P ＞ 0. 05), but three haplotypes(SNP-1500G - SNP-1062G -SNP-994C - SNP-604G;SNP + 408C - SNP + 2488G - SNP + 3056C;SNP + 408A - SNP + 2488G - SNP +3056C)of the Ghrelin gene were found to be significantly associated with it in statistics(x2 =4.336,4.308,5.327, P ＜0. 05). Conclusion The above mentioned ten common polymorphisms in the Ghrelin gene were not found to be significantly associated with susceptibility to gestational impaired glucose tolerance. However,one(SNP + 408C - SNP + 2488G - SNP + 3056C)of the Ghrelin haplotypes showed a protective role in gestational impaired glucose tolerance, and two(SNP-1500G- SNP-1062G - SNp-994C - SNP-604G ;SNP + 408A -SNP + 2488G - SNP + 3056C)showed higher susceptibility.     

脂联素基因SNP-11377和SNP-4522单倍型与代谢综合征相关

目的 探讨昆明地区汉族脂联素基因多态性与代谢综合征的相关性。 方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法检测脂联素基因SNP-11391、SNP-11377、SNP-4522、SNP+45和SNP+331的基因型,分析以上5个多态性位点与代谢综合征的相关性。 结果 ⑴脂联素基因SNP-11391和SNP+331不是昆明地区汉族的多态性位点;⑵在代谢综合征组中,SNP-11377G－SNP-4522T单倍型频率低于对照组（P﹤0.05）,而SNP-11377C－SNP-4522T和SNP-11377G－SNP-4522C单倍型频率高于对照组（P﹤0.05和P﹤0.01）。 结论 在昆明地区汉族群体中,SNP-11377G－SNP-4522T单倍型可能降低患代谢综合征风险,而SNP-11377C－SNP-4522T和SNP-11377G－SNP-4522C单倍型可能增高患代谢综合征风险。     

PATZ1基因单核苷酸多态性与无精症的关系

目的 研究PATZ1基因的4个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)rs2240424、rs2057951、rs2240427和rs714909的多态性与无精症的关系.方法 用PCR-限制性片段长度多态性分析方法,在180例无精症患者和190名正常男性中对上述4个SNP位点的基因频率和基因型频率分布进行调查.结果 rs2057951位点的等位基因C(35.0%vs.27.6%,P=0.031)和带有等位基因C个体(CT+CC)(57.8%vs.46.3%,P=0.027)的频率在无精症患者显著高于正常男性.4种SNP的单倍型在两组人群中的分布差异有统计学意义(P=0.01),单倍型ACAC(11.1%vs.6.6%,P=0.029)和ACGC(11.2%vs.5.2%,P=0.003)在无精症患者中显著高于正常男性.结论 PTAZ1的rs2057951位点的等位基因C和单倍型ACAC和ACGC增加无精症的易感性,提示PTAZ1基因可能与无精症发病相关.     

云南汉族人群IL-4基因5’和3’非编码区域多态性与HCV慢性感染无相关性

目的探讨IL-4基因5’和3’非编码区域单核苷酸多态性位点(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)与HCV慢性感染的相关性。方法选取云南地区汉族人群HCV慢性感染患者380例,健康体检人群439例。采用Taq Man探针基因分型方法对IL-4基因5’和3’非编码区域6个SNP位点SNP-1138A/G(rs2243247)、-1098G/T(rs2243248)、-589C/T(rs2243250)、-33C/T(rs2070874)、2979C/A(rs2227284)、3’端C/T(rs2243292)进行基因分型,并构建单倍型,评估上述6个SNP位点及单倍型与HCV慢性感染的相关性。结果 IL-4基因SNP-1138A/G(rs2243247),3’端C/T(rs2243292)在病例组和对照组中无多态性;SNP位点-1098G/T(rs2243248)、-589C/T(rs2243250)、-33C/T(rs2070874)、2979C/A(rs2227284)的基因型频率和等位基因频率在病例组和对照组中差异无统计学意义(P0.05);单倍型分析结果显示:SNP位点-1098G/T(rs2243248)、-589C/T(rs2243250)、-33C/T(rs2070874)、2979C/A(rs2227284)构建的单倍型频率在病例组和对照组中差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在云南汉族群体中,IL-4基因5’和3’非编码区域SNP位点-1138A/G(rs2243247)、-1098G/T(rs2243248)、-589C/T(rs2243250)、-33C/T(rs2070874)、2979C/A(rs2227284)、3’端C/T(rs2243292)与HCV慢性感染没有相关性。     

钙蛋白酶10基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP-43、-63)与妊娠糖尿病相关性研究

目的探讨CAPN-10基因单核苷酸多态性(SNP)-43、-19、-63及其单倍型组合与GDM的发病是否有相关性。方法我们随机选取了40位OGTT正常的孕妇和40位需胰岛素治疗的GDM患者来做为研究对象,分别提取基因组DNA,并行基因测序,再分析CAPN-10基因SNP-43、-19、-63及其单倍型组合与GDM的发病是否有相关性。结果GDM妇女仅在CAPN-10基因43位点上基因型为GG纯合子的频率(59%)明显高于正常对照组(41%),P=0.02;而在19和63位点上的基因型和等位基因分布两组无显著差异。并且发现所有的单倍型组合为12/12(SNP-43、-63)的妇女均为GDM患者。结论在南京地区汉族人中,CAPN-10基因SNP-43为GG纯合子的和单倍型组合为12/12(SNP-43、-63)的妇女有较高的可能性孕期发展为GDM。     

Ghrelin基因多态性与2型糖尿病的相关性

目的探讨ghrelin基因多态性与2型糖尿病之间的关系。方法进行ghrelin基因C408A和G346A的多态性分析,同时进行生化指标和临床参数的检测。结果正常对照组(NGT组)C408A基因型CC、CA、AA的基因型频率分别为75.4%、24.0%及0.6%。2型糖尿病组(DM组)中CC、CA及AA的基因型频率分别为70.8%、28.2%及1.0%。NGT组CC基因型者总胆固醇水平明显高于CA AA基因型者(P<0.05);DM组CC基因型者血尿酸水平明显高于CA AA基因型者(P<0.05)。在所有的受试者中未发现G346A多态性存在。结论Ghrelin基因C408A分布与等位基因频率没有明显的差异;本组人群中未发现ghrelinG346A多态性存在;C408A多态性与总胆固醇和尿酸水平相关。     

浙江地区汉族人群caspase-3基因三个位点的单倍型研究

目的分析汉族人群caspase-3基因的单核苷酸多态性(singlenucleotidepolymorphisms,SNPs)位点及其构成的单倍型,为研究caspase-3基因对凋亡调节机制的个体差异提供线索。方法用变性高效液相色谱技术和DNA测序技术检测caspase-3基因的调控区、第2～7外显子及部分侧翼序列的多态性位点;分析位点间的连锁不平衡关系,估算它们构成的单倍型。结果共检出3个SNP位点(C829A、A17532C、C20541T),分别位于caspase-3基因的5′端调控区、第4内含子和3′调控区;3个位点间存在强连锁不平衡,其中位点A17532C与C20541T呈完全连锁不平衡;54.3%的C-829/A-17532/C-20541是汉族人群的主要单倍型。结论浙江地区汉族人群caspase-3基因上的3个SNP位点间存在强连锁不平衡,它们构成的主要单倍型不同于北美人群。     

E-钙黏蛋白基因多态性与上皮性卵巢癌发病风险关系的研究

目的 探讨E-钙黏蛋白基因(E-cadherin gene,CDH1)单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SN-P)与上皮性卵巢癌发病风险的关系.方法 采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性方法分析207例上皮性卵巢癌患者和256名健康对照的CDH1基因启动子区-160C/A、-347G/GA和3′UTR+54C/T3个SNP位点基因型频率分布;采用免疫组织化学方法检测携带3′UTR+54C/T SNP位点不同基因型的卵巢癌患者癌组织CDH1基因的表达情况.结果 CDH1基因-160C/A和-347G/GA 2个SNP位点的基因型和等位基因频率分布在患者组与健康对照组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).3′UTR+54C/T SNP 位点的基因型与等位基因频率分布在患者与健康对照组间差异有统计学意义,患者组中CC基因型和C等位基因频率(65.2%,89.1%)明显高于对照组(52.7%,64.5%)(P＜0.01);CC基因型可能显著增加上皮性卵巢癌的发病风险(比值比为1.85,95%可信区间为1.27～2.69);且免疫组化研究表明CC基因型患者癌组织CDH1基因的表达明显低于T等位基因(CT+TT)携带者(P＜0.05).采用2LD软件分析显示-160C/A、-347G/GA两位点间存在连锁不平衡(D′=0.999 582),-160A/-347GA单倍型仅在患者组中检测到(5.1%),-160C/-347GA单倍型可能明显降低卵巢癌的发病风险(比值比为0.66,95%可信区间为0.45～0.96).结论 CDH1基因-160C/A、-347G/GA SNP可能与上皮性卵巢癌的发病风险无关,但两位点的单倍型可能改变上皮性卵巢癌的发病风险.3′UTR+54C/T多态CC基因型可能成为上皮性卵巢癌发病的潜在危险因素.     

FOXP3基因多态性与斑秃的关联研究

目的探讨FOXP3基因多态性与斑秃(alopecia areata,AA)发生发展的关系。方法选择240例斑秃患者及248例正常对照。结合HapMap网站中汉族人群资料,选取rs3761547和rs3761548共2个单核苷酸多态性(single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)位点,采用聚合酶链反应-限制性片段长度多态性(polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism,PCR-RFLP)的方法进行基因分型,统计学分析单核苷酸多态性。结果与正常对照比较,斑秃患者组FOXP3基因rs3761548位点的基因型分布有差异,具有统计学意义(P=0.015);而rs3761547位点的基因型分布在正常对照组与斑秃患者组之间没有差异(P=0.12)。非条件Logistic回归分析显示,rs3761548位点的CC基因型相对于AA和AC基因型来说,对斑秃的发病具有保护效应(adjusted OR:0.69;95%CI:0.48-0.98)。单倍型分析结果显示,与对照组相比较,斑秃患者单倍型GA和单倍型GC的分布存...     

has-miR-27a和has-miR-124a基因单核苷酸多态性与妊娠期糖尿病的相关性

目的 探讨has-miR-27a基因rs895819位点和has-miR-124a基因rs531564位点单核苷酸多态性(SNP)与妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)发病的相关性.方法 共纳入1 719例孕妇,其中GDM 839例;糖耐量正常和50 g葡萄糖负荷试验阴性者880例,作为对照组.采用TaqMan探针法检测两组孕妇SNP位点基因型,比较两组孕妇各SNP位点等位基因和基因型频率差异,以及不同基因型间临床生化指标的差异.结果 1)rs895819位点CC、CT和TT基因型频率在GDM组分别为3.1％、39.3％和57.6％,对照组分别为7.1％、37.6％和55.3％,CC基因型频率显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);隐性模型(CC vs CT +TT)中两组差异仍具有显著性[P=0.001;OR0.435(0.270,0.702)];GDM组C等位基因频率(22.8％)低于对照组(25.9％)(P＜0.05).2)rs895819 CC基因型孕妇空腹血糖低于CT +TT基因型孕妇(P＜0.05).结论 has-miR-27a基因rs895819位点与GDM相关,C等位基因降低GDM的发病风险.     

Adiponectin and resistin gene polymorphisms in association with their respective adipokine levels

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the adiponectin and resistin loci are strongly associated with hypoadiponectinemia and hyperresistinemia, which may eventually increase risk of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MS), and cardiovascular disease. Real-time PCR was used to genotype SNPs of the adiponectin (SNP+45T>G, SNP+276G>T, SNP+639T>C, and SNP+1212A>G) and resistin (SNP-420C>G and SNP+299G>A) genes in 809 Malaysian men (208 controls, 174 MS without T2DM, 171 T2DM without MS, 256 T2DM with MS) whose ages ranged between 40 and 70 years old. The genotyping results for each SNP marker was verified by sequencing. The anthropometric clinical and metabolic parameters of subjects were recorded. None of these SNPs at the adiponectin and resistin loci were associated with T2DM and MS susceptibility in Malaysian men. SNP+45T>G, SNP+276G>T, and SNP+639T>C of the adiponectin gene did not influence circulating levels of adiponectin. However, the G-allele of SNP+1212A>G at the adiponectin locus was marginally associated (P= 0.0227) with reduced circulating adiponectin levels. SNP-420C>G (df = 2; F= 16.026; P= 1.50×10(-7) ) and SNP+299G>A (df = 2; F= 22.944; P= 2.04×10(-10) ) of the resistin gene were strongly associated with serum resistin levels. Thus, SNP-420C>G and SNP+299G>A of the resistin gene are strongly associated with the risk of hyperresistinemia in Malaysian men.     

Possible role of preproghrelin gene polymorphisms in susceptibility to bulimia nervosa.

Previous investigations have suggested that ghrelin, an endogenous orexigenic peptide, is involved in the pathology of eating disorders. We conducted a study to determine whether any preproghrelin gene polymorphisms are associated with eating disorders. Three hundred thirty-six eating disorder patients, including 131 anorexia nervosa (AN)-restricting types (AN-R), 97 AN-binge eating/purging types (AN-BP) and 108 bulimia nervosa (BN)-purging types (BN-P), and 300 healthy control subjects participated in the study. Genotyping was performed to determine the polymorphisms present, and with this information, linkage disequilibrium (LD) between the markers was analyzed and the distributions of the genotypes, the allele frequencies, and the haplotype frequencies were compared between the groups. The Leu72Met (408 C > A) (rs696217) polymorphism in exon 2 and the 3056 T > C (rs2075356) polymorphism in intron 2 were in LD (D' = 0.902, r2 = 0.454). Both polymorphisms were significantly associated with BN-P (allele-wise: P = 0.0410, odds ratio (OR) = 1.48; P = 0.0035, OR = 1.63, for Leu72Met and 3056 T > C, respectively). In addition, we observed a significant increase in the frequency of the haplotype Met72-3056C in BN-P patients (P = 0.0059, OR = 1.71). Our findings suggest that the Leu72Met (408 C > A) and the 3056 T > C polymorphisms of the preproghrelin gene are associated with susceptibility to BN-P.     

Genetic analysis of autoimmune regulator haplotypes in alopecia areata

Alopecia areata is an immune-mediated disorder, occurring with the highest observed frequency in the rare recessive autoimmune polyendocrinopathy-candidiasis-ectodermal dystrophy (APECED) syndrome caused by mutations of the autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene on chromosome 21q22.3. We have previously detected association between alopecia areata and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the AIRE gene in patients without APECED, and we now report the findings of an extended examination of the association of alopecia areata with haplotype analysis including six SNPs in the AIRE gene: C-103T, C4144G, T5238C, G6528A, T7215C and T11787C. In Caucasian groups of 295 patients and 363 controls, we found strong association between the AIRE 7215C allele and AA [P = 3.8 x 10(-8), OR (95% CI): 2.69 (1.8-4.0)]. The previously reported association between AA and the AIRE 4144G allele was no longer significant on correction for multiple testing. The AIRE haplotypes CCTGCT and CGTGCC showed a highly significant association with AA [P = 6.05 x 10(-6), 9.47 (2.91-30.8) and P = 0.001, 3.51 (1.55-7.95), respectively]. To select the haplotypes most informative for analysis, we tagged the polymorphisms using SNPTag software. Employing AIRE C-103T, G6528A, T7215C and T11787C as tag SNPs, two haplotypes were associated with AA; AIRE CGCT and AIRE CGCC [P = 3.84 x 10(-7), 11.40 (3.53-36.9) and P = 3.94 x 10(-4), 2.13 (1.39-3.24) respectively]. The AIRE risk haplotypes identified in this study potentially account for a major component of the genetic risk of developing alopecia areata.     

Association between CCK-AR gene and schizophrenia with auditory hallucinations

OBJECTIVE: Previous studies on a possible association between CCK-AR polymorphisms and schizophrenia have been controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess a potential association between schizophrenic patients with auditory hallucinations and polymorphisms of the CCK-AR gene. METHODS: A set of single nucleotide polymorphisms mainly located in the regulatory region of the CCK-AR gene was analysed in a sample of 163 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV-diagnosed schizophrenic patients and 162 healthy controls. RESULTS: Significant differences in the genotype (P=0.011) and allele (P=0.0009) frequencies of the +121C/G SNP (located in the 5' regulatory region) were found between patients and controls. The excess of the C allele in the patient group remained significant after Bonferroni correction (P=0.03). However, functional in vitro assays, did not reveal significant differences on gene expression between +121G and +121C alleles of this SNP. Further investigations revealed two risk haplotypes: +121C/+978A/+984T (P=0.01) and +121C/+978T/+984C (P=0.0091) as well as a protective haplotype: +121G/+978T/+984T (P=0.0001). CONCLUSION: Our data support a possible role of the CCK-AR gene in the vulnerability to schizophrenia in patients with auditory hallucinations, and suggest remarkable allele heterogeneity.     

Association of phosphodiesterase 4D gene polymorphisms with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: relationship to interleukin 13 gene polymorphism

Activation of the cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling pathway leads to the suppression of inflammation in the airways and relaxation of airway smooth muscle. Intracellular cAMP levels are determined by a balance between the activities of adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterases. We hypothesized that polymorphisms of the phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) gene activate its protein function which leads to the downregulation of cAMP, resulting in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A case-control study was performed using Japanese (96 COPD patients and 61 controls) and Egyptians (106 COPD patients and 72 controls) to investigate the association between the polymorphisms of the PDE4D gene and the development of COPD. Genotyping of all subjects for SNP7 (dbSNP ID, rs10075508), SNP13 (rs829259) and SNP15 (rs702531) in exon 15 of the PDE4D gene was conducted. Furthermore, the distributions of haplotypes consisting of PDE4D polymorphisms and those of interleukin (IL) 4, IL13 and beta2 adrenoceptor were analyzed. The distribution of SNP13 allele frequencies of the PDE4D gene was significantly different between the COPD and control groups in the Japanese population (p = 0.041). In haplotype analysis, haplotypes composed of PDE4D SNP7 and IL13 +2044 G/A in the Japanese population showed significant difference between the patients and controls (pcorr = 0.00048). Thus, SNP13 and haplotypes, SNP7 G/A and IL13 +2044 G/A, may be useful for predicting COPD susceptibility.     

中国白族人群MBL基因SNP及其单倍型与基因型的研究

目的：研究中国云南白族人甘露聚糖结合凝集素（MBL）基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）及其单倍型与基因型。方法：对MBL基因启动子区SNP位点-550G／C（称H／L等位基因）、-221C／G（X／Y）、＋4C／T（P／Q）已明确的白族DNA样本，采用序列特异性引物．多聚酶链反应技术检测结构基因第一外显子点突变CGT52TGT、CCC54GAC和CCA57CAA（分别称为D、B、C等位基因，野生型即A），并分析MBL基因的单倍型与基因型。结果：只检出GGC54GAC点突变，其频率为0．100；检出的5种单倍型及其频率是：HYPA0．250、LXPA0．107、LYQA0．407、LYPA0．135、LYPB0．100；各基因型及其频率为：LYPA／LYPA0．043、LXPA／LYQA0．143、LYPA／LYPB0．014、HYPA／LYQA0．086、LYPA／LYQA0．157、HYPA／LYPA0．014、LYPB／LYQA0．143、HYPA／LYPB0．043、LXPA／LXPA0．014、HYPA／LXPA0．043、LYQA／LYQA0．143、HYPA／HYPA0．157。结论：中国白族人群MBL基因存在GGC54GAC点突变，单倍型以LYQA和HYPA为主，基因型则多见LYPA／LYQA、HYPA／HYPA、LX—PA／LYQA、LYPB／LYQA和LYQA／LYQA。     

Adiponectin gene ADIPOQ SNP associations with serum adiponectin in two female populations and effects of SNPs on promoter activity

Adiponectin is an insulin sensitiser in muscle and liver, and low serum levels characterise obesity and insulin resistance. Eight tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) in the ADIPOQ gene and promoter were selected, and association with serum adiponectin was tested, in two independent samples of Caucasian women: the Chingford Study (n = 808, mean age 62.8 +/- 5.9 years) and Twins UK (n = 2,718, mean age 47.4 +/- 12.6 years). In the Chingford cohort, -11391 G/A, -10066 G/A (rs182052), -7734 C/A (rs16861209), +276 G/T (rs1501299) and +3228 C/T (rs1063537) were significantly associated with fasting serum adiponectin (Ps = 1.00 x 10(-4) to 1.40 x 10(-2)). Associations with all except +3228 C/T were replicated in the Twins UK cohort (Ps = 3.19 x 10(-9) to 6.00 x 10(-3)). In Chingford subjects, the 12 most common 8-SNP haplotypes (frequency 1.90%) explained 2.85% (p = 5.00 x 10(-2)) and in Twins UK subjects, the four most common 5-SNP haplotypes (frequency > 5.00%) explained 1.66% of the variance (p = 5.83 x 10(-7)). To investigate effects of -11391 G/A (rs17300539) and -11377 C/G (rs266729) on promoter activity, 1.2 kb of the ADIPOQ promoter region was cloned in a luciferase reporter plasmid, and the four haplotypes were transfected in differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes. No significant allelic effects on promoter activity were found.     

Identification of three genomic haplotypes 5' to the human CD1D gene and their distribution in four ethnic groups

CD1d presents lipid antigen to a conserved population of natural killer (NK) T cells, which participate in host immune defense, tumor cell rejection and suppression of autoimmunity. The levels of human CD1d expression vary significantly between individuals. To understand such variation, we sequenced the region up to 1.7 kb 5' upstream of the translation start site and partially through exon 2 in 44 white Americans. We also studied two tagged single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in 112 white Americans, 60 African-Americans, 88 Europeans, and 84 Chinese people from the region. Six SNP present in the region (-836C-->T, -773C-->T, -764C-->G, -713A-->T, -365A-->G and +363A-->G) were found to be in a complete linkage disequilibrium and comprised three haplotypes. Haplotype 1 had -836C, -773C, -764C, -713A, -365A and +363A. Haplotype 2 had -836C, -773T, -764C, -713A, -365A and +363A. Haplotype 3 had -836T, -773C, -764G, -713T, -365G and +363G. -773C-->T and -764C-->G can serve as the tagged SNP to differentiate the three haplotypes. The frequency of haplotype 1 was significantly higher in African Americans than in the other three ethnic groups, whereas the frequency of haplotype 3 was significantly higher in the Chinese people than those in the other three groups. The finding of the three haplotypes provides a genetic marker for CD1d and facilitates the study of the functional role of the genetic variations in human CD1d expression and regulation.