GMP法玻璃化冷冻人胚胎的效果观察

目的探索GMP法玻璃化冷人胚胎的可行性。方法选用IVF中多精受精的4-10细胞阶段的胚胎为研究对象，先后在玻璃化1液（10％乙二醇＋10％二甲亚砜）和玻璃化2液（20％乙二醇＋20％二甲亚砜＋0．3M蔗糖）中分别平衡1mim和0．5mim，然后用GMP管虹吸胚胎直接浸入液氮。其结果与常规的程序化慢冻进行比较。结果GMP法的存活率、胚胎完整率、卵裂球存活率比程序化慢冻法更高（分别为94．4％对73．9％，P〈0．01；79．6％对33．9％，P〈0．01；91．6％对67．8％；P〈0．01），但卵裂球完全死亡率更低（0％对10、4％；P〈0．01）。结论GMP法玻璃化冷冻人胚胎是可行的。     

VARI-RATEⅢ型程序性冷冻仪冻存人外周血淋巴细胞的条件

以细胞的存活率、回收率和三项免疫功能(淋巴细胞转化、IL—2产生能力和LAK活性)为指标,对人外周血淋巴细胞(PBL)在VARI-RATEⅢ型冷冻仪的冻存条件下进行了系统研究,找出了细胞冻存的适宜条件,即细胞在4℃与含10%的DMSO的1640培液平衡15分钟后,以-10C/分的速度降温至-30℃,然后立即放入液氮保存。冷冻细胞的浓度以5×10~6/ml～1×10~7/ml左右为宜。采用慢稀释法复苏细胞使其功能得到较好的恢复。并将冷冻PBL与同一供体的新鲜PBL进行比较,证明了冷冻PBL能真实反映冷冻前个体差异的真实情况。     

玻璃化和程序化冻融人卵裂期胚胎结果分析

目的探讨冻融周期中玻璃化和程序化两种不同方法对人卵裂期胚胎的冷冻复苏效果。方法回顾性分析35例玻璃化冷冻复苏周期和123例程序化冷冻复苏周期资料,比较冷冻胚胎复苏后的胚胎存活率、完整性胚胎存活率,冻融前后的优质胚胎率,临床妊娠率、胚胎种植率。结果①玻璃化法与程序化法冷冻前优质胚胎率无显著性差异（70．83％和71．97％,P〉0．05）,冷冻后优质胚胎率差异显著（63．89％和47．75％,P〈0．05）,复苏后的胚胎存活率差异显著（95．83％和86．16％,P〈0．05）,完整性胚胎存活率差异极显著（90．28％和63．32％,P〈0．01）;②玻璃化法与程序化法临床妊娠率差异显著（48．57％和29．27％,P〈0．05）,种植率差异显著（31．88％和18．83％,P〈0．05）。结论在冻融人卵裂期胚胎的过程中,玻璃化优于程序化,可以更好的提高累积临床妊率。     

D5和D6冻融囊胚移植的比较

目的分析D5和D6冻融囊胚移植的结局。方法 D5和D6囊胚利用玻璃化冷冻法分别冷冻,待患者子宫内膜达到7～8mm时,以第5天为移植窗,复苏2h后移植。结果 D5冷冻囊胚复苏后的存活率（99.02%）与D6冷冻囊胚复苏后的存活率（98.51%）没有差异,D5冻融囊胚移植的临床妊娠率（62.20%）和种植率（40.69%）略高于D6冻融囊胚移植的临床妊娠率（57.40%）和种植率（36.87%）,但没有显著差异,而D6冻融囊胚移植后的流产率（18.75%）显著高于D5（10.77%）（P〈0.05）。结论 D5冻融囊胚移植能够提高新生儿出生率。     

OPS法玻璃化冷冻小鼠不同成熟时期卵母细胞的研究

目的比较OPS法玻璃化冷冻小鼠不同成熟时期卵母细胞解冻后体外成熟、体外受精及胚胎发育能力。方法收集ICR小鼠生殖泡期（GV）未成熟卵和成熟卵,分五组行OPS（open pulled straw,开放式拉细麦管）法玻璃化冷冻,Ⅰ组：直接冷冻GV期卵;Ⅱ组：GV期卵在体外培养8h后冷冻;Ⅲ组：GV期卵在体外培养16h后冷冻;Ⅳ组：GV期卵体外培养成熟（IVM）后冷冻;Ⅴ组：直接冷冻体内成熟卵。解冻后比较各组卵受精率、卵裂率及8细胞胚胎形成率。结果Ⅰ组（GV期卵）冷冻解冻后存活率达57．5％,显著高于Ⅱ组（34．1％）,Ⅲ组（32．0％）,Ⅳ组（29．6％）及Ⅴ组（31．0％）（P〈0．01）。各组体外受精率、卵裂率及8细胞胚胎形成率比较,差异不显著（P〉0．05）。结论采用OPS法玻璃化冷冻小鼠卵母细胞,冷冻GV期卵较冷冻其它成熟时期卵效果好。     

牙周炎患者龈沟液IL-10、IL-18和IFN-γ测定的临床意义

目的：测定牙周炎患者龈沟液IL-10、IL-18及IFN-γ浓度,探讨三种细胞因子含量的变化及其意义。方法：IL-10、IL-18及IFN-γ三种细胞因子均采用放射免疫分析。结果：牙周炎患者治疗前IL-18及IFN-γ两项龈沟液细胞因子的浓度极显著高于正常对照组（P均〈0.01）;IL-10水平略低于正常对照组,但无明显统计学意义（P〉0.05）;治疗一个月后,IL-18及IFN-γ两项龈沟液细胞因子的浓度显著下降,但仍显著高于正常对照组（P均〈0.05）;IL-10含量则升高极显著（P〈0.01）。相关分析数据显示,牙周炎组IL-18及IFN-γ两项龈沟液细胞因子的浓度与牙周袋深度、附着丧失呈显著正相关（r=0.2617、0.2802,P均〈0.05）。而IL-10浓度与牙周袋深度、附着丧失程度呈显著负相关（r=-0.1743,P〈0.05）。结论：牙周炎患者龈沟液IL-10、IL-18及IFN-γ三项细胞因子水平发生了显著变化,表明牙周炎患者体内存在免疫功能调节紊乱。     

玻璃化保存肌腱的生物力学观察

目的探讨玻璃化保存法对兔肌腱力学性能的影响。方法玻璃化保存组，6条新鲜胫前肌肌腱，以18．64％二甲基亚砜＋13.37％乙酰胺＋9．17％1．2丙二醇＋浓度0．10mmol／L海藻糖＋10％小牛血清为玻璃化冷冻保护剂．将新西兰纯种大白兔肌腱采用三步法预处理．-196℃液氮保存14d；“两步法”深低温冷冻保存组，6条新鲜胫前肌肌腱，以15％二甲基亚砜＋10％小牛血清作为冷冻保护剂，“两步法”处理后-196℃液氮冷冻保存14d；对照组．6条新鲜新西兰纯种大白兔胫前肌肌腱。分别进行肌腱拉伸实验．检测肌腱破坏载荷峰值、最大载荷拉伸位移及杨氏弹性模量。结果肌腱破坏荷载峰值：新鲜肌腱组与玻璃化保存组及“两步法”深低温冷冻保存组间差异均有统计学意义（P=0．002），玻璃化保存组与“两步法”深低温冷冻保存组无统计学意义（P=0．256）；最大载荷拉伸位移：新鲜肌腱组与玻璃化保存组及“两步法”深低温冷冻保存组3组间均无统计学意义（P=0．065）；杨氏弹性模量：新鲜肌腱组与玻璃化保存组及“两步法”深低温冷冻保存组间差异均有统计学意义（P=0．006）．玻璃化保存组与“两步法”深低温冷冻保存组差异无统计学意义（P=0．577）。结论玻璃化保存法保存肌腱具有良好的发展前景。     

白藜芦醇对β淀粉样蛋白诱导星形胶质细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的研究白藜芦醇对β淀粉样蛋白诱导星形胶质细胞氧化损伤的保护作用,从而探索其对中枢神经保护作用的可能机制。方法采用不同浓度的白藜芦醇预处理星形胶质细胞12h,继之用25μmol/L浓度的β淀粉样蛋白进行损伤,然后检测细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）以及采用DHE探针测定荧光强度间接反映胞内活性氧（ROS）含量,以评价白藜芦醇对细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。结果受β淀粉样损伤的细胞存活率明显下降（P〈0.05）,而用10、100μmol/L白藜芦醇预处理则能提高该细胞的存活率（P〈0.05）,但1μmol/L白藜芦醇预处理的细胞存活率并无明显变化;荧光检测显示,蛋白损伤使得荧光强度增高（P〈0.05）,1μmol/L白藜芦醇处理组荧光强度大于阳性对照组,其余各组荧光强度均小于阳性对照组（P〈0.05）;蛋白损伤可导致细胞LDH漏出量增加（P〈0.05）,1μmol/L白藜芦醇使得LDH漏出增加（P〈0.05）,而10、100μmol/L白藜芦醇处理组,细胞LDH漏出量明显减少（P〈0.05）。结论星形胶质细胞受到β淀粉样蛋白损伤后,白藜芦醇能减少LDH的漏出及有效降低胞内ROS水平,从而显示对星形胶质细胞具有保护作用。     

超低温冰箱转液氮阶梯降温法与传统程序降温法保存造血干细胞的比较

背景：在造血干细胞整个冷冻保存过程中,受到降温速率、储存温度深浅、冷冻保护剂组合等因素影响,各国学者在提倡选择何种保存方法上面存在不同的主张。 目的：比较-80 ℃低温冰箱转液氮阶梯降温法与传统程序降温法保存外周造血干细胞的效果。 方法：将采集的造血干细胞分两组,第一组细胞浓度为1×10¹¹ L^-1,加入10%二甲基亚砜,放入程序冷冻仪内程序设置为室温至-4 ℃按1 ℃/min的速率降温,按35 ℃/min快速降至-45 ℃,再以15 ℃/min升至-21 ℃,然后以5 ℃/min降至-90 ℃,取出冷冻管置-196 ℃液氮罐内。第二组细胞浓度为1×10¹¹ L^-1,加入5%二甲基亚砜、3%羟乙基淀粉、4%人血白蛋白,将冷冻管置-80 ℃冰箱过夜后取出,置-196 ℃液氮罐内的气相,再过夜后置液氮罐液相内。 结果与结论：两组冷冻方法保存细胞的锥虫蓝拒染率、回收率、凋亡率和死亡率差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。结果显示用5%二甲基亚砜、4%白蛋白、3%羟乙基淀粉组成的冷冻保护剂,通过-80 ℃低温冰箱转液氮阶梯降温法冷冻保存造血干细胞与传统10%二甲基亚砜作为冷冻保护剂用程序降温的方法取得一样效果,操作简便易于临床应用。     

不同冷冻保护剂对低温冰箱转液氮阶梯降温冷冻保存造血干细胞效果的影响

背景：非程序降温-80 ℃低温冰箱保存方便快捷,程序降温-196 ℃液氮保存可靠长久,将两者合二为一简化流程已成功用于临床。 目的：观察不同冷冻保护剂对-80 ℃低温冰箱转液氮阶梯降温冷冻保存造血干细胞效果的影响。 方法：分设10%二甲亚砜组、5%二甲亚砜联合3%羟乙基淀粉组、5%二甲亚砜联合0.25 mol/L海藻糖组、5%二甲亚砜联合3%羟乙基淀粉及0.25 mol/L海藻糖组。采用  -80 ℃低温冰箱转液氮阶梯降温法对单采外周造血干细胞进行冷冻保存,通过透射电镜观察细胞超微结构变化,流式细胞仪观察Annexin-V、PI、Caspase-3水平。 结果与结论：4组冷冻保存细胞的存活率、凋亡率和死亡率差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。透射电镜下各组细胞超微结构变化差异不明显。单个核细胞群落冷冻保存后存活率在90%以上,含成熟细胞较多的CD45⁺细胞群落凋亡发生率可达50%左右。造血干祖细胞群落中,早期细胞较晚期细胞更能耐受冷冻损伤。提示在基础冷冻保护剂二甲亚砜的基础上,加入羟乙基淀粉和海藻糖并未显示出对冷冻保存效果的增强作用。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The universal muscular chamber. A basic unit of the genitourinary, cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal, skeletal, cutaneous, respiratory and other systems, endocameral hypertension; and spasm, the key to their idiopathic diseases and arthropathies

Starting with the integument, we see many organs are contractile sacs or multiples thereof, which tubes or bags constitute the major part of the entire body. Recognition of this basic unit and its characteristics sheds new light, individually and collectively, on many disorders previously considered unrelated. Muscular tears and perforations develop in the walls of these chambers, being no way peculiar to those organs, wherein, hydrochloric acid occurs. So, it is not necessary to explain the absence of excessive acid from patients who exhibit holes in the gastric, uterine, aortic, duodenal, rectal, pulmonary, retina, and other walls. Muscle, not acid is the great common factor relating idiopathic disorders in the gastrointestinal tract to each other and to similar diseases in other systems. When the units are linked together, the lesions tend to appear as arthropathies, i.e. at the joints. Rephrasing common-place observations, frees us from conventional, conceptual cul-de-sacs. An observation is only as good as its interpretation, so all possibilities must be considered, otherwise, we will remain blinded by our misconceptions.     

Der Einfluß von Nahrungsmitteln und Rauchen auf die klinisch-chemische Diagnostik von Phäochromozytom,Neuroblastom und Karzinoid-Syndrom

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß von verschiedenen Nahrungsmitteln auf Methoden zur Bestimmung von Adrenalin (AD), Noradrenalin (NA), Vanillinmandelsäure (VMS), Metanephrinen (MN), Homovanillinsäure (HVS) und 5-Hydroxyindolessigsäure (5-HIE) im 24 h-Harn zur Diagnose des Phäochromozytoms bzw. Karzinoid-Syndroms wurde untersucht. Die in die Untersuchung einbezogenen Nahrungsmittel waren: Tee, Kaffee, Mandeln, Ananas, Käse, Walnüsse, Vanillepudding, Bananen, Tomaten und Milchschokolade. Außerdem wurde der Einfluß des Zigarettenrauchens auf die Bestimmung von AD, NA, VMS und MN untersucht.Walnüsse führten zu einer starken Erhöhung der 5-HIE-Ausscheidung. Bananen erhöhten die Ausscheidung von AD, NA, VMS, MN und 5-HIE. Kaffee und Ananas bewirkten eine geringe Zunahme der MN-Werte. Rauchen von 20–30 Zigaretten/Tag beeinflußte keine der vier Variablen.Wenn die beschriebenen Methoden benutzt werden, sollte lediglich auf den Verzehr von Bananen und Walnüssen vor und während der Harnsammelperioden verzichtet werden, da die oberen Normgrenzen im Harn überschritten werden könnten. Ein Verzicht auf Kaffee und Ananas in normalen Mengen ist nicht erforderlich. Es besteht kein Anlaß, weiterhin die bisherigen umfangreichen Restriktionen der übrigen Nahrungsmittel beizubehalten.     

A comparative study of the effects of dimebon,obsidan, finoptin,and cordaron on the functional state of ischemic focus and size of necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction

Dimebon, an antihistamine agent, exerts a moderate antianginal effect, improving the function of ischemic focus in the myocardium and decreasing the necrotic zone in experimental myocardial infarction. Dimebon is less active than obsidan, finoptin (except for the size of the necrotic zone), and cordaron. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 122, No. 12, pp. 642–644, December, 1996     

Effects of sex steroid hormones on lipid peroxidation and glutathione antioxidant system in rat skin

Effects of estradiol and testosterone on the intensity of lipid peroxidation and contents of glutathione redox system components in the dermis and epidermis of rat skin were studied. Only estradiol induced considerable dose-dependent and tissue-specific biphasic antioxidant effects on the skin. Translated fromByulleten' Eksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 128, No. 12, pp. 663–666, December, 1999     

Adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells on surface-modified PEEK substrata

A series of surface-functionalized poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) films has been prepared by selective wet-chemistry; they are hydroxylated polymer (PEEK-OH) obtained by reduction, aminated polymer (PEEK-[]-NH2) prepared by coupling a diisocyanate reagent to PEEKOH (PEEK-[]-NCO) followed by hydrolysis, and carboxylated and aminocarboxylated polymers (PEEK-[]-GABA and PEEK-Lysine) resulting from the coupling of aminoacids to PEEK-[]-NCO. The aminated and carboxylated substrata promoted the adhesion and growth of CaCo2 cells in the presence of serum. Fibronectin (FN), an extra-cellular matrix protein, has been covalently fixed and/or adsorbed on various PEEK substrata, in the presence or not of a polymeric surfactant (Pluronic F68). The performances of the FN-grafted substrata (PEEK-[]-FN(1) and PEEK-[]-FN(2)) were significantly higher than those of reference substrata simply coated with FN (PEEK-OH(+FN)(1) and (2), PEEK-[]-NH2(+FN)(1) and (2)), considering the adhesion and spreading of CaCo2 cells in the absence of serum. Moreover, the stability of the adherent cells on the FN-adsorbed substrata dramatically depended on the experimental conditions applied during the PEEK coating with FN.     

THE ODYSSEY – A JUNGIAN PERSPECTIVE: INDIVIDUATION AND MEETING WITH THE ARCHETYPES OF THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS

Homer's epic tale of the 20-year return of Odysseus from the Trojan War is investigated with particular reference to Jung's theory of individuation. Odysseus' meetings with 'the anima' in the form of goddesses, sirens and female monsters and his visit to Hades demonstrate the confrontation and humanization of aspects of the archetypal level of the psyche, central to Jung's theories of psychic growth and development. Jung's important ideas of the psychoid level and the transcendent function are explored and linked both to his investigations into medieval alchemy and with findings from contemporary neuroscience. The importance of Jung's constructive method of the interpretation of dreams and myths is shown to be central.