化学镀镍磷合金在模拟烟气环境中的腐蚀行为

采用均匀浸泡和电化学试验研究了化学镀镍磷合金在硫酸介质中的耐蚀性能,并对化学镀镍磷合金在模拟烟气环境中的耐蚀性能进行评价。结果表明,化学镀镍磷合金具有较好的抗硫酸腐蚀性能,其抗硫酸露点腐蚀性能好于20~#碳钢。     

铜基电镀复合镀层的制备工艺与耐腐蚀摩擦性能的研究

制备了铜基体电镀镍和镍磷合金层,并进行了微观组织观察,抗腐蚀摩擦性能和纳米压痕试验研究。结果表明:通过调整镀层内应力,在金属表面以电镀镍为结构层,镍磷合金为表面层的结构可同时具有高强韧、耐冲击、耐腐蚀和耐磨损性。由于电镀镍比镍磷合金弹性系数低,使得电镀镍结构具有耐冲击性。镍磷合金镀层变形小且硬度高,使得其具有较强的耐腐蚀与耐磨擦性。     

全光亮镍磷合金镀层的耐蚀性

采用个性盐雾实验、浸泡实验和阳极极化曲线测试了全光亮镍磷合金镀层耐蚀性.盐雾实验表明：磷含量为128mass%～153mass％的镀层耐蚀性能最好，磷合量提高到201mass％后，耐蚀性下降；热处理温度在200℃以下时，对镀层耐蚀性影响不大，超过300℃以上，镀层耐蚀性明显下降；浸泡实验表明Ni-P合金镀层与1Cr18Ni9Ti相比，在酸性、碱性和氯离子水溶液中耐蚀性能较好，但不耐硝酸、硝酸盐等强氧化性介质的腐蚀；阳极极化曲线测试表明，磷含量为12.8mass％的镀层在10％HCl、5％NaCl、20%NaOH和3.5％FeCl-3溶液中，均表现出了优异的耐蚀性能.磷合量为20.1mass％高磷镀层在20％NaOH中耐蚀性能优异.      

酸性化学镀机理探讨及高磷含量镍磷合金镀层制备

从镍磷化学镀的反应机理出发，讨论了反应中影响磷沉积速率和镀层中磷含量的主要因素，试验制备了含磷量较高且抗蚀性良好的镍磷镀层。     

磷含量对细晶镍基GH4133合金力学性能的影响

适当磷含量可提高细晶镍基GH4133合金的力学性能．采用控制热加工和热处理的方法将GH4133合金的晶粒度细化至ASTM 10级．该细晶合金的最低屈服强度比晶粒度为ASTM4—5级正常组织的合金高200MPa以上，最低断裂强度高150MPa以上．磷含量为0．140％(质量分数，下同)的细晶合金的屈服强度相对于正常磷含量(0．005％)的细晶合金又高约100MPa，断裂强度约高50MPa．镍基GH4133合金中，磷含量低于0．140％，拉伸试样均呈穿晶断裂．磷含量低于0．023％时，冲击断口呈穿晶断裂，冲击韧性高于70MJ／m^2；磷含量升至0．140％时，冲击断口部分区域呈沿晶断裂，冲击韧性约降至40MJ／m^2．延长GH4133合金持久寿命的最佳磷含量位于0．011％附近．结合位错与磷原子气团的相互作用讨论了上述不同载荷方式下磷对合金力学性能的影响特点．     

化学成分及热处理对镀镍层耐磨性的影响

试验研究了化学成分与热处理对化学镀镍层耐磨性的影响。磷含量的改变使镀镍层的组织结构变化,低磷固溶体4.0％P合金的磨损体积低于非晶态9.O％P合金,经过175~600℃热处理,耐磨性具有不同的变化;镀镍层中复合硬质相SiC,耐磨性优于镍磷合金层,并随热处理改变。     

正交试验优化电镀Zn-Ni-P合金工艺

选取影响电镀Zn-Ni-P合金的6个工艺参数，设计了125(56)正交试验方案，探讨了镀液组成和电镀制度对Zn-Ni—P合金镀层性能的影响，用极差法分析了各工艺参数对镀层性能影响的显著性并确定了最佳工艺条件。优化验证实验结果表明：该工艺稳定，得到光亮、致密、外观平整的Zn-Ni—P合金镀层，得到的锌镍磷合金镀层的耐蚀性优于锌镍合金，且其耐蚀性随镀层中磷含量的增大而提高。     

电镀镍磷合金技术

镀液稳定可保持长期使用，大大提高了电镀原材料的利用率。与化学镀镍磷合金(常称化学镀镍)相比较，此项工艺的原材料成本仅为前者的1/4，生产成本不到前者的1／2。镀层沉积速度快，最高可达50μm/h，较化学镀镍快数倍。可稳定地获得高磷(10～11％)高耐蚀镍磷合金，也可获得中磷或低磷镍磷合金。镀层外观光亮．     

镍磷非晶纳米晶复合镀层的制备及其耐蚀性

对电沉积12．3％P（质量分数）镍磷合金进行热处理，部分晶化获得非晶纳米晶复合镀层。利用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜和高分辨透射电镜分析镀层的结构。结果表明，镀态时镀层呈典型的非晶态结构，控制热处理工艺可得到非晶纳米晶的复合镀层。通过动电位极化曲线（3．5％NaCI溶液）测定，得知部分晶化的镀层耐蚀性得到改善。由于具有少量纳米晶相镶嵌于连续非晶相上，非晶纳米晶复合结构的镍磷合金镀层耐蚀性优于非晶态镍磷合金镀层。     

磷含量在化学镀层中对其性能的影响

采用酸性化学镀镍－磷合金电解液，通过改变不原剂浓度，制备了一系列不同磷含量的镍－磷合金镀层，以研究其中磷含量对镀层性能的影响。实验结果表明，镀层耐蚀性，硬度等性能与磷含量有直接关系，文他这种关系。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.