恩纳乳膏在小儿包皮粘连分离术中的应用

目的 观察表面麻醉剂恩纳乳膏在包皮粘连分离治疗时的镇痛效果.方法 将包皮粘连分离的176例患儿随机分为观察组(86例)和对照组(90例),观察组在阴茎包皮及龟头涂恩纳乳膏后进行粘连分离术,对照组不涂任何药物,直接进行粘连分离术.结果 观察组疼痛感显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论 恩纳乳膏可有效减轻或消除包皮粘连分离治疗导致的疼痛.     

恩纳用于小儿包皮环切术麻醉的可行性

恩纳是一种透皮吸收的乳膏样局部麻醉剂,本研究将恩纳涂抹在小儿阴茎部行包皮环切术,旨在为患儿行该手术探讨一种新的麻醉方法。资料和方法 病例选择 随机选择140例拟采用包皮环切器行包皮环切手术患儿,年龄2-12岁,体重10-45 kg。4 h前进食或饮水、呼吸道感染、高铁血红蛋白血症、体重过低及过度肥胖     

恩纳乳膏在婴幼儿腹部手术中的应用

恩纳乳膏是一种安全有效、使用方便的新型表面麻醉药 ,其主要成分是利多卡因和丙胺卡因。它通过释放这两种酰胺类局麻药物到皮层和皮下层 ,深达 5～ 6ｍｍ ,在痛觉感受器和神经末梢处积聚而达到局部麻醉作用。国内外关于恩纳乳膏用于动静脉穿刺置管[1] 、皮肤手术[2 ] 、五官科[3 ] 及泌尿外科小手术[4] 麻醉的报道很多。本研究旨在观察恩纳乳膏预先表面麻醉配合静脉麻醉 ,应用在婴幼儿腹部小手术中的安全性和有效性。资料与方法一般资料　选择 4 0例ＡＳＡⅠ～Ⅱ级择期行腹股沟疝囊高位结扎术和鞘状突高位结扎术的男性患儿 ,年龄 1～ 3岁 ,…     

恩纳乳膏用于小儿气管或支气管异物取出术的随机对照研究

气管或支气管异物取出术是常见的小儿急诊手术。国内常用的是保留自主呼吸的静脉复合麻醉 ,常有屏气、呛咳等不足。本研究目的在于观察恩纳乳膏 (ＥＣ)涂布于支气管镜表面对此的预防作用。资料与方法一般资料　 30名ＡＳＡⅠ级、年龄大于 3个月 ,患气管或支气管异物的小儿 ,无急性喉梗阻、局麻药过敏及先天性和特发性正铁血红蛋白症。方法　 30名患儿按信封抽签法随机分为恩纳组和对照组。所有患儿于术前 30ｍｉｎ肌注阿托品 0 0 2ｍｇ/ｋｇ ,基础麻醉为肌注氯胺酮 6ｍｇ/ｋｇ。待患儿入睡后送入手术室 ,予面罩吸氧 ,常规监测心电图和脉搏…     

复方利多卡因乳膏在小儿商环包皮环切术中的应用

<正>随着人们生活水平及性健康意识的提高,越来越多的患儿接受包皮环切术,且接受该手术的患儿年龄越来越小[1]。但常用的传统针刺注射阴茎根部神经阻滞麻醉,存在明显的麻醉疼痛,使患儿术中极不配合、紧张哭闹甚至躁动,而导致手术中止;或因术中不能配合,导致手术时间延长及难度和术中风险加大。笔者观察了单独采用复方利多卡因乳膏表面麻醉施行小儿商环包皮环切术的麻醉效果,现报道如下。1资料与方法1.1一般资料选取2015年5~12月门诊就治的     

包茎合并包皮龟头严重粘连的整形修复

目的：探索治疗包茎合并包皮龟头严重粘连的方法。方法：对于不同程度的此类患者，选用“双眼皮”成形术、“脱袖式”一浅筋膜剥离术、“Z”成形术、包皮环切术等。结果：从1998年12月～2004年2月共治疗此类患者25例，临床效果满意。结论：上述术式是治疗此类患者较为理想的方法。     

四象限包皮环切术治疗小儿包茎包皮过长

包皮环切是泌尿外科常用手术之一,手术方法多种。我院1998年6月-2005年7月采取自行设计的四象限包皮环切术治疗小儿包茎及包皮过长320例,效果满意,报道如下。     

恩纳涂抹麻醉包皮环扎切除术65例

我们探讨用恩纳乳膏涂抹麻醉方法，于2000年1-12月对部分需作包皮环切术而且包皮可上翻的病例作包皮无血环扎切除术〔1〕，现报告如下。1资料与方法1.1临床资料本组65例，其中4-6岁10例，-10岁15例，-14岁29例，＞14岁11例。均有1次以上包皮炎病史。恩纳（EMLA）乳膏，瑞典阿斯特拉（ASTRA）药厂生产，每支乳膏总含量为5 g，每克含利多卡因25 mg、丙胺卡因25 mg，以赋型剂乳化为稳定混合剂。采用包皮环扎切术专用器械〔1〕。1.2方法将包皮外翻直到冠状沟，将恩纳涂满包皮内板，将包皮复位，尔后在包皮外板表面阴茎远端2/3涂满恩纳，总用…     

恩纳乳膏在上肢植皮术供皮区麻醉中的应用

恩纳乳膏是一种表面麻醉用软膏,含利多卡因和丙胺卡因.我院自2003年9月～2004年3月将其应用于上肢植皮术的麻醉中,取得了良好的效果.现将体会报道如下.     

恩纳乳膏用于尿毒症患者血液透析静脉穿刺镇痛

目的 观察恩纳乳膏用于尿毒症患者血液透析静脉穿刺的镇痛效果.方法 将80例尿毒症维持性血液透析患者随机均分为对照组和恩纳镇痛组各40例,恩纳镇痛组患者穿刺点周围涂恩纳乳膏1 g,对照组患者涂红霉素乳膏1 g,90 min后进行血管穿刺.采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评价两组患者痛觉,以及有无肢体抵抗、局部皮肤并发症等.结果 恩纳镇痛组患者VAS评分显著低于对照组(P<0.01),两组患者穿刺时均无明显肢体抵抗,无局部并发症发生.结论 恩纳乳膏可减轻尿毒症维持性血液透析患者静脉穿刺时的疼痛,且使用安全、方便.     

恩纳乳膏用于尿毒症患者血液透析静脉穿刺镇痛

目的观察恩纳乳膏用于尿毒症患者血液透析静脉穿刺的镇痛效果。方法将80例尿毒症维持性血液透析患者随机均分为对照组和恩纳镇痛组各40例，恩纳镇痛组患者穿刺点周围涂恩纳乳膏1g，对照组患者涂红霉素乳膏1g，90min后进行血管穿刺。采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评价两组患者痛觉，以及有无肢体抵抗、局部皮肤并发症等。结果恩纳镇痛组患者VAS评分显著低于对照组（P〈0．01），两组患者穿刺时均无明显肢体抵抗，无局部并发症发生。结论恩纳乳膏可减轻尿毒症维持性血液透析患者静脉穿刺时的疼痛，且使用安全、方便。     

Chemical Injury to the Eye from EMLA Cream During Erbium Laser Resurfacing

BACKGROUND: EMLA cream is commonly used as a topical anesthetic by physicians performing dermatologic surgery. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this article is to inform physicians that EMLA cream is highly alkaline and can be particularly toxic to the eye. Symptoms of eye irritation may be initially masked because of local anesthetic effects. METHODS: Two patients are described who developed corneal abrasions from inadvertent exposure of the eye to EMLA cream prior to erbium laser resurfacing. RESULTS: The patients developed corneal abrasions and conjunctivitis, consistent with chemical alkaline burns. CONCLUSION: EMLA cream should be used with extreme caution near the eye and probably should be avoided when there is a need to insert laser eye shields.     

Topical Anaesthesia with EMLA, a New Lidocaine-Prilocaine Cream and the Cusum Technique for Detection of Minimal Application Time

The minimal effective onset time of the new topical anaesthetic, formulation EMLA (a eutectic mixture of lidocaine and prilocaine), was evaluated by the double-blind technique in 53 female and 66 male patients (median age 40 and 36 years, respectively) subjected to intravenous cannulation. Conventional plotting and regression analysis failed to answer the question. The Cusum technique, originally designed for industrial production control, could successfully be applied to solve the problem. It demonstrated a minimal effective EMLA application time of 45 min in adults.     

Both EMLA and Placebo Cream Reduced Pain during Extracorporeal Piezoelectric Shock Wave Lithotripsy with the Piezolith 2300

Background: The objectives were to determine whether a eutectic mixture of local anesthetic (EMLA) or placebo cream reduces pain during extracorporeal piezoelectric shock wave lithotripsy (EPSWL), and to determine which of the components of the application (i.e., the occlusive dressing, the cream, or the local anesthetic) contributes to analgesia.

Methods: A randomized, double blind, crossover study (part 1) was performed in 12 patients who were scheduled for EPSWL procedures on an ambulatory basis who received the first treatment without any intervention and who had verbal pain scores of 70 or more (on a 0-to-100 scale). For the next two treatments at 2-week intervals, patients were randomly assigned to receive either 10 g EMLA or 10 g placebo cream and then crossed over to receive the other. The cream and occlusive dressing were left in place and immersed in water throughout the procedure. Verbal numeric pain score was assessed at 5 min after receiving the maximal tolerable intensity of shock wave and at the end of the procedure. The study continued (part 2) in 202 ambulatory patients; 125 men and 77 women, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II, subjected to EPSWL were randomly allocated into five groups who received (1) nothing on the skin (control), (2) plastic occlusive dressing, (3) placebo cream and plastic occlusive dressing, (4) EMLA cream and plastic occlusive dressing, (5) EMLA cream and plastic occlusive dressing for 60 min to achieve cutaneous anesthesia, which was removed before EPSWL. Pain score was evaluated 10 min into the procedure and at the end of the procedure.

Result: Both parts of the study showed that patients who received either EMLA or placebo cream with dressing throughout the procedure experienced less pain and tolerated higher energy levels compared with the control. Patients who received only pre-EPSWL cutaneous anesthesia of EMLA and who received only the occlusive dressing did not have a reduction in pain score.     

包皮环扎法治疗包皮过长及包茎32例体会

我院于2004年11月至2005年3月，采用包皮环扎法治疗儿童及成人包皮过长、包茎32例，取得了满意的效果，报告如下。     

磷脂等乳化剂在花生冰淇淋中的应用

对磷脂等乳化剂在花生冰淇淋中的作用机理研究表明 ,磷脂与冰淇淋中蛋白质、油脂和水形成了一定强度的多分子吸附膜 ,从而使冰淇淋晶粒细小 ,质地光滑 ;磷脂不仅能提高花生冰淇淋的营养价值 ,而且乳化性还优于单甘酯 .正交实验获得了最佳乳化剂配方 :磷脂 0 .1 7% ,蔗糖酯0 .1 % ,单甘酯 0 .1 % .     

Use of the anesthetic cream EMLA in arterial punction

INTRODUCTION: Arterial puncture is a painful procedure requiring prior local anesthesia. Various products are available for pain relief, among them EMLA anesthetic cream. OBJECTIVE: To compare pain from simple puncture of the radial artery performed with or without application of EMLA anesthetic cream and after infiltration of mepivacaine. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective, random double-blind study of 153 patients in three groups: group A, 51 patients who were applied 1 g of EMLA cream; group B, 52 patients who were applied 1 g of placebo cream; and group C, 50 patients who received infiltration of 0.2 ml of 1% mepivacaine. Pain was assessed on a 10 cm visual analog scale (0, absence of pain; 10, greatest imaginable pain). RESULTS: Pain intensity reported by the patients was 2.6 +/- 1.8 in group A, 2.9 +/- 1.8 in group B and 1.6 +/- 1.8 in group C. The results for group C were statistically different from those for groups A and B. The difference between groups A (EMLA) and B (placebo), however, was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Mepivacaine infiltration is the more effective method for minimizing pain from puncture of the radial artery. EMLA anesthetic cream is not effective against pain caused by this procedure.