墨西哥中新生代岩浆活动规律及成矿研究

墨西哥中新生代岩浆作用与太平洋板块向东俯冲消减作用及晚白垩-始新世的拉腊米期造山运动有关,岩浆作用控制了矿床的分布规律。文章通过综合分析大量墨西哥中新生代岩浆岩和矿床资料,讨论了岩浆活动规律及构造活动和成矿作用的关系。墨西哥主要有5个岩浆活动时期,分别为晚古生代岩浆作用、早-中侏罗世岩浆作用、白垩世岩浆作用、古近纪岩浆作用、中新世岩浆作用。墨西哥的成矿作用主要与拉腊米期岩浆活动有关(约80 Ma—40 Ma),中新生代的矿床明显分成晚侏罗世(J3)、早白垩世(K1)、晚白垩世(K2)、古新世(E1)、始新世(E2)、渐新世(E3)、中新世(N1)等地质时期。古太平洋板块、法拉隆板块和科科斯板块等三大板块俯冲消减形成3个俯冲成矿系列,即从沿海到内陆依次发育有IOCG型铁铜金成矿带→斑岩型铜钼金成矿带→浅成低温热液型银金多金属成矿带,分别代表太平洋古板块、法拉隆板块和科科斯板块向北美板块从俯冲挤压到碰撞后伸展的岩浆成矿环境。     

墨西哥西马德雷山脉中—新生代构造、岩浆演化及成矿特征

墨西哥西马德雷山脉是白垩纪—新生代岩浆活动和构造运动形成的。中新生代岩浆活动可以分为5个主要阶段:侏罗纪—早白垩世、晚白垩世—古新世、始新世—渐新世、中新世早期和中新世中期—现代。这些岩浆活动和构造运动与法拉隆(Farallon)板块向北美大陆俯冲和加利福尼亚湾打开相关。墨西哥中新生代的成矿作用与东太平洋板块边缘连续的俯冲过程密切相关,矿床类型多样,包括VMS(与火山相关的块状硫化物)型、斑岩型、IOCG(铁氧化物铜金)型、矽卡岩型等。     

加里曼丹中部浅成低温热液金矿地球化学分带及构造背景

<正>本研究以加里曼丹新生代岩浆岩和相关的浅成低温热液型矿床为研究对象。初步研究表明,加里曼丹中部的巽他大陆北缘发育新生代多期岩浆活动,直接记录了由于南海扩张推动卢卡尼亚陆块向南运移俯冲碰撞的过程(Hotchison,2004)。由于这个过程中的多期岩浆活动,产生了浅成低温热液金矿带(Carlile and Mitchell,1994),并且可进一步划分为两个分带:一个明显产出高硫型浅成低温热液金矿和矽卡岩型多金属     

中国东北部陆缘内生金矿床成因类型、成矿时代及地球动力学背景

中国东北部陆缘是我国内生金矿床较为发育的地区之一,以成矿作用复杂、蕴藏丰富的金资源量倍受国内外地质学家关注。通过对该区内生金矿的地质和成矿年代的系统研究,初步将该区内生金矿床划分为中温热液金矿床、接触交代-热液金矿床、斑岩型/类斑岩型金铜矿床和浅成低温热液金矿床4种主要成因类型和3个重要成矿期（170～160 Ma、130～110 Ma和110～90 Ma）。结合同位素地球化学特征,进一步确定中温热液金矿床的成矿物质主要来自下地壳源,成矿作用与中生代燕山早期古太平洋板块俯冲作用引发的中国东部大陆边缘岩石圈减薄及拆沉的动力学过程密切相关;接触交代-热液金矿床的成矿物质来源于年轻地壳,成矿作用与古太平洋板块俯冲引起的岩石圈减薄拆沉的伸展构造背景下的岩浆接触交代作用更为密切;而斑岩型/类斑岩型金铜矿床和浅成低温热液金矿床的成矿物质来源为壳幔混合源,其成矿发生在古太平洋板块向亚洲大陆正北向俯冲转入Izanagi Farallon板块西向俯冲的构造转换期。     

黑龙江省金厂金矿床J0矿体流体地球化学研究

黑龙江省东宁县金厂金矿床是最新发现的特大型金矿床,目前探获黄金资源量86吨,它位于中亚造山带东端的吉黑成矿带,是与中生代中酸性岩浆活动有关的复杂成矿系统,矿化类型可能包括了斑岩型、爆破角砾岩型、浅成低温热液型.研究表明,高丽沟J0号矿体为爆破角砾岩型,热液成矿过程经历了早、中、晚3个阶段,分别形成以石英-黄铁矿、多金属硫化物-石英和碳酸盐为代表的矿物组合,中阶段矿物含自然金最多,次为早阶段矿物.初始成矿流体系统为高温、高盐度、高氧逸度、富CO2的岩浆热液;经减压沸腾,CO2等挥发分大量逸出,流体温度、盐度和氧逸度下降,导致大量金属硫化物及自然金快速沉淀;大气降水混入导致晚阶段流体低温、低盐度、贫CO2,对成矿贡献甚微.总体而言,成矿流体盐度高(11.70%～37.81%NaCl.eq),成矿作用发生在中-高温(238.3～425.7℃)的浅成环境(深633m～2736m).岩浆-流体成矿系统富CO2应发育于大陆碰撞造山带的伸展构造背景,而非大洋板块俯冲诱发的岩浆弧背景.     

西藏冈底斯成矿带西段矿床类型、成矿作用和找矿方向

在前人已有成果基础上,通过大量的野外地质调查与室内综合研究,初步论述了冈底斯成矿带西段的金属矿床类型、时空分布特征和成矿作用,探讨了下一步找矿方向.研究结果表明,冈底斯成矿带西段金属矿床(点)类型主要有矽卡岩型、斑岩型和浅成低温热液型,矿床在空间分布上具有东西成带,相对集中的特征,成矿时代集中于中、新生代.依据矿床成因及成矿动力学背景,冈底斯成矿带西段有5期关键成矿作用,分别为晚三叠世-晚白垩世与新特提斯洋北向俯冲有关的铜金多金属成矿作用、中侏罗世-早白垩世与中特提斯洋南向俯冲有关的铁铜金多金属成矿作用、早白垩世末-晚白垩世末与羌塘-拉萨地块碰撞有关的铜金钼成矿作用、晚白垩世末-始新世与印度-亚洲大陆碰撞有关的铜铅锌银多金属成矿作用、渐新世末-中新世与印度-亚洲大陆后碰撞伸展有关的铜金钼多金属成矿作用.冈底斯成矿带西段优势矿种是铜、铁、铅锌、金银等,主攻矿床类型为矽卡岩型矿床、浅成低温热液型矿床和斑岩型矿床等.     

南美洲大型-超大型金矿地质特征与成矿作用研究

金是南美洲仅次于铜的优势矿种,据美国地质调查局统计,2016年秘鲁金矿储量2800 t,巴西金矿储量2400 t,智利仅公布到2014年金矿储量3900 t。通过对南美安第斯成矿带和南美地台金矿地质背景分析,根据对31个大型-超大型金矿的综合研究,剖析斑岩型、浅成低温热液型、IOCG型、造山型等不同类型金矿床的时空分布、地质特征,梳理重要成矿区特征,摸清区域构造岩浆-成矿作用演化的关系,为以后在南美洲金矿的勘查开发提供科学依据。在安第斯成矿带,金成矿作用与太平洋板块向南美大陆板块的俯冲密切相关,大型-超大型金矿类型主要是以浅成低温热液型,以及与铜共生的斑岩型、IOCG型矿床为主,大规模金成矿作用集中在新生代,形成了众多世界著名的金矿床。南美地台成矿带位于亚马孙陆块边缘,受古元古代(2.5~1.8 Ga)Trans-Amazonian旋回影响,经历了反复俯冲造山运动,大型-超大型金矿以造山带型金矿为主,主要成矿期在太古宙—新元古代。南美的金资源相当丰富,未来具有巨大的勘查开发潜力。     

冈底斯弧的岩浆作用：从新特提斯俯冲到印度亚洲碰撞

位于青藏高原南部的冈底斯岩浆弧形成于中生代新特提斯大洋岩石圈的长期俯冲过程中,而且在印度与亚洲大陆碰撞过程中叠加了强烈的新生代岩浆作用,是世界上典型的复合型大陆岩浆弧,已经成为研究汇聚板块边缘岩浆作用和大陆地壳生长与再造的天然实验室。基于对现有研究成果的总结,我们将冈底斯岩浆弧的岩浆构造演化划分为5个阶段：第1阶段发生在晚白垩世之前,以新特提斯洋岩石圈长期正常俯冲和钙碱性弧岩浆岩的发育为特征;第2阶段发生在晚白垩世时期,以活动的新特提斯洋中脊发生俯冲和强烈的岩浆作用与显著的新生地壳生长为特征;第3阶段发生在晚白垩世晚期,以残余的新特提斯大洋岩石圈俯冲和正常弧型岩浆作用为特征;第4阶段发生在古新世至中始新世,以印度与亚洲大陆碰撞、俯冲的新特提斯洋岩石圈回转和断离,及其诱发的幔源岩浆作用、新生和古老地壳的强烈再造为特征;第5阶段为发生在晚渐新世到中中新世的后碰撞阶段,深俯冲印度岩石圈的回转和断离,或加厚岩石圈地幔的对流移去导致了加厚下地壳的部分熔融和埃达克质岩石的广泛发育,同时伴随幔源钾质超钾质岩浆作用。冈底斯弧岩浆作用与岩浆成分的系统时空变化很好地记录了从新特提斯洋俯冲到印度亚洲大陆碰撞的完整构造演化过程。     

墨西哥中——新生代成矿系列和成矿带划分及其大地构造意义

墨西哥是矿产资源大国,其中产量最高的包括银、铜、铁、铅锌等。这些矿产的生成主要源于多种多样的矿床类型和各式各样的矿化类型,其中浅成低温热液型、斑岩型、矽卡岩型、IOCG(铁氧化物铜金)型是最突出的矿床类型。这些矿床的形成与北科迪勒拉山系的形成有关,体现了联合大陆长期积聚或解体的某些阶段,尤其是中新生代成矿带的空间展布特征与其形成的大地构造环境密切相关。划分的9个构造-岩浆-成矿带,分别形成3个俯冲成矿系列,即从沿海到内陆依次发育的IOCG型铁铜金成矿带→斑岩型铜钼金成矿带→浅成低温热液型银金多金属成矿带,分别代表太平洋古板块、法拉隆板块和科科斯板块向北美板块从俯冲、挤压到碰撞后伸展的板块构造岩浆成矿环境。这类俯冲边界型成矿系统的主体部分是西马德里造山带岩浆弧中的斑岩型铜钼矿成矿系统和盆岭省中的火山岩控制的浅成低温热液型银金矿成矿系统。     

老挝琅勃拉邦—泰国黎府成矿带古特提斯构造-岩浆演化与金铜成矿作用

老挝琅勃拉邦—泰国黎府成矿带位于印支板块西北缘,是中南半岛重要的金铜成矿带之一。该带经历了晚古生代—中生代古特提斯构造-岩浆演化作用,成矿活动复杂,形成了斑岩-矽卡岩型金铜矿床、浅成低温热液型金银矿床以及热液脉型金矿床。然而,热液脉型金矿的成因类型仍存在争议,3类金铜矿床与区域构造演化的关系仍缺乏总结。本文通过对前人典型矿床研究资料的整理,并结合成矿流体来源、演化新证据,将带内热液脉型金矿床的成因类型归为造山型金矿。综合区域构造-岩浆-成矿作用研究资料,总结了成矿带内3类金铜矿床的时空分布规律和成矿特征,建立了与古特提斯洋俯冲-闭合及陆陆碰撞过程相关的区域金铜成矿模式,提出了晚二叠世—早三叠世俯冲期浅成低温热液型金银矿床、早中三叠世闭合期斑岩-矽卡岩型铜金矿床、晚三叠世陆陆碰撞期造山型金矿床的成矿规律。     

Geology and ages of porphyry and medium- to high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits of the continental margin of Northeast China

The continental margin of Northeast China, an important part of the continental margin-related West Pacific metallogenic belt, hosts numerous types of gold-dominated mineral deposits. Based on ore deposit geology and isotopic dating, we have classified hydrothermal gold–copper ore deposits in this region into four distinct types: (1) gold-rich porphyry copper deposits, (2) gold-rich porphyry-like copper deposits, (3) medium-sulphidation epithermal copper–gold deposits, and (4) high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits. These ore deposits formed during four distinct metallogenic stages or periods, at 123.6 ± 2.5 Ma, 110–104 Ma, 104–102 Ma, and 95.0 ± 2 Ma, corresponding to periods of Cretaceous intermediate–acid volcanism and late-stage emplacement of hypabyssal magmas along the northern margin of the North China platform. The earliest stage of mineralization (123.6 ± 2.5 Ma) corresponds to the formation of medium-sulphidation epithermal copper – gold deposits and was associated with a continental margin magmatic arc system linked to subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia. This metallogenesis is closely related to high-K calc-alkaline intermediate–acid granite and pyroxene – diorite porphyry magmatism. The second and third stages of mineralization in the study area (110–104 Ma and 104–102 Ma, respectively) correspond to the formation of gold-rich porphyry copper, porphyry-like copper, and high-sulphidation gold deposits, with metallogenesis closely related to sodic or adakitic magmatism. These magmas formed in a continental margin magmatic arc system related to oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia, as well as mixing of crust-derived remelted granitic and mantle-derived adakitic magmas. During the final stage of mineralization (95.0 ± 2 Ma), metallogenesis was closely related to sodic or adakitic magmatism, with diagenesis and metallogenesis related to the disintegration or destruction of the Pacific Plate, which was subducted beneath the Eurasian Plate during the Mesozoic.     

Cenozoic magmatism in Kalimantan and its related geodynamic evolution

The NE–SW Tertiary magmatic belt of central Kalimantan is related to two separate periods of subduction; during the Eocene–Oligocene and Late Oligocene–Miocene. The younger magmatic belt is superimposed upon the earlier belt. This magmatic belt is characterized chiefly by Late Oligocene–Miocene volcanic products, among which limited exposures of the Eocene volcanics have also been mapped by previous investigators. This calc-alkaline magmatic belt has become known as the ‘gold belt’ of Central West Kalimantan on account of a number of discoveries of Neogene epithermal gold mineralization. This mineralization is found in central to proximal volcanic settings and occurred at relatively shallow depths. The earliest known subduction-related magmatism took place in the Eocene–Early Oligocene with the emplacement of calc-alkaline silicic pyroclastics, followed by a period of continental collision. Subsequent subduction-related magmatism continued from Late Oligocene–Pleistocene, during which time the magma evolved from calc-alkaline to potassic calc-alkaline. Plio-Pleistocene magmatism resulted in the formation of basalt flows. The present available K–Ar ages of the Cenozoic volcanics range from 51 to 1 Ma.     

The history of Cenozoic magmatism and collision in NW New Guinea – New insights into the tectonic evolution of the northernmost margin of the Australian Plate

Evidence of Cenozoic magmatism is found along the length of New Guinea. However, the petrogenetic and tectonic setting for this magmatism is poorly understood. This study presents new field, petrographic, U–Pb zircon, and geochemical data from NW New Guinea. These data have been used to identify six units of Cenozoic igneous rocks which record episodes of magmatism during the Oligocene, Miocene, and Pliocene. These episodes occurred in response to the ongoing interaction between the Australian and Philippine Sea plates. During the Eocene, the Australian Plate began to obliquely subduct beneath the Philippine Sea Plate forming the Philippine–Caroline Arc. Magmatism in this arc is recorded in the Dore, Mandi, and Arfak volcanics of NW New Guinea where calc-alkaline and tholeiitic rocks formed within subduction-related fore-arc and extension-related back-arc settings from 32 to 27 Ma. Collision along this plate boundary in the Oligocene–Miocene jammed the subduction zone and caused a reversal in subduction polarity from north-dipping to south-dipping. Following this, subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate beneath the Australian Plate produced magmatism throughout western New Guinea. In NW New Guinea this is recorded by the middle Miocene (18–12 Ma) Moon Volcanics, which include an early period of high-K to shoshonitic igneous activity. These earlier magmatic rocks are associated with the subduction zone polarity reversal and an initially steeply dipping slab. The magmatic products later changed to more calc-alkaline compositions and were emplaced as volcanic rocks in the fore-arc section of a primitive continental arc. Finally, following terminal arc–continent collision in the late Miocene–Pliocene, mantle derived magmas (including the Berangan Andesite) migrated up large strike-slip faults becoming crustally contaminated prior to their eruption during the Plio–Pleistocene. This study of the Cenozoic magmatic history of NW New Guinea provides new data and insights into the tectonic evolution of the northern margin of the Australian Plate.     

Genesis of the Ciemas Gold Deposit and Relationship with Epithermal Deposits in West Java, Indonesia: Constraints from Fluid Inclusions and Stable Isotopes

The Ciemas gold deposit is located in West Java of Indonesia,which is a Cenozoic magmatism belt resulting from the Indo-Australian plate subducting under the Eurasian plate.Two different volcanic rock belts and associated epithermal deposits are distributed in West Java:the younger late Miocene-Pliocene magmatic belt generated the Pliocene-Pleistocene epithermal deposits,while the older late Eocene-early Miocene magmatic belt generated the Miocene epithermal deposits.To constrain the physico-chemical conditions and the origin of the ore fluid in Ciemas,a detailed study of ore petrography,fluid inclusions,laser Raman spectroscopy,oxygen-hydrogen isotopes for quartz was conducted.The results show that hydrothermal pyrite and quartz are widespread,hydrothermal alteration is well developed,and that leaching structures such as vuggy rocks and extension structures such as comb quartz are common.Fluid inclusions in quartz are mainly liquid-rich two phase inclusions,with fluid compositions in the NaCl-H20 fluid system,and contain no or little CO_2.Their homogenization temperatures cluster around 240℃-320℃,the salinities lie in the range of 14-17 wt.%NaCl equiv,and the calculated fluid densities are 0.65-1.00 g/cm~3.The values of δ~(18)O_(H2O-VSMOW)for quartz range from +5.5‰ to +7.7‰,the δD_(VSMOW) of fluid inclusions in quartz ranges from-70‰ to-115‰.All of these data indicate that mixing of magmatic fluid with meteoric water resulted in the formation of the Ciemas deposit.A comparison among gold deposits of West Java suggests that Miocene epithermal ore deposits in the southernmost part of West Java were more affected by magmatic fluids and exhibit a higher degree of sulfldation than those of Pliocene-Pleistocene.     

Study of late-Mesozoic magmatic rocks and their related copper-gold-polymetallic deposits in the Guichi ore-cluster district,Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt,East China

ABSTRACT

The Guichi ore-cluster district in the Lower Yangtze River Metallogenic Belt hosts extensive Cu–Au–Mo polymetallic deposits including the Tongshan Cu–Mo, Paodaoling Au, Matou Cu–Mo, Anzishan Cu–Mo, Guilinzheng Mo and Zhaceqiao Au deposits, mostly associated with the late Mesozoic magmatic rocks, which has been drawn to attention of study and exploration. However, the metallogenic relationship between magmatic rocks and the Cu–Au-polymetallic deposits is not well constrained. In this study, we report new zircon U–Pb ages, Hf isotopic, and geochemical data for the ore-bearing intrusions of Guichi region. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb ages for the Anzishan quartz diorite porphyrite is 143.9 ± 1.0 Ma. Integrated with previous geochronological data, these late Mesozoic magmatic rocks can be subdivided into two stages of magmatic activities. The first stage (150–132 Ma) is characterized by high-K calc-alkaline intrusions closely associated with Cu–Au polymetallic ore deposits. Whereas, the second stage (130–125 Ma) produced granites and syenites and is mainly characterized by shoshonite series that are related to Mo–Cu mineralization. The first stage of magmatic rocks is considered to be formed by partial melting of subducted Palaeo-Pacific Plate, assimilated with Yangtze lower crust and remelting Meso-Neoproterozoic crust/sediments. The second stage of magmatism is originated from partial melting of Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic crust, mixed with juvenile crustal materials. The depression cross to the uplift zone of the Jiangnan Ancient Continent forms a gradual transition relation, and the hydrothermal mineralization composite with two stages have certain characteristics along the regional fault (Gaotan Fault). Guichi region results from two episodes of magmatism probably related to tectonic transition from subduction of Palaeo-Pacific Plate to back-arc extensional setting between 150 and 125 Ma, which lead to the Mesozoic large-scale polymetallic mineralization events in southeast China.     

Miocene tectono-magmatic events and gold/poly-metal mineralizations in the Takab-Delijan belt,NW Iran

The Takab-Delijan (T-D) magmatic belt in NW Iran is a part of the Zagros orogenic belt which has imminence with epithermal, porphyry and carlin types of mineralization. This magmatic belt has been classified into 3 different phases by radiometric dating, including early (16–24 Ma), middle-late (10–12 Ma), and late Miocene (8 > Ma), among which the gold/basemetal mineralization is related to the first two phases in this area. The lower Miocene phase formed during the formation of a metamorphic core complex and upwelling basement in the form of synextentional magmatism. This magmatic event is shaped in an extensional regime within shallow marine basins which are correlated with the limestone formation of Qom Formation (QF) in a pre- to syncollisional environment. This volcanism (edifice) acceded to the surface rapidly via NW extensional faults and made stratovolcanic structures in the Takab and Delijan areas. These complexes have been formed by sequences of pyroclastic and lava flows with a composition of dacite to andesite and trachyandesite that are crosscut by microdiorite porphyritic subvolcanic. These epithermal-porphyr systems are related to the Cu ± Au ± Ag deposits. The main phase of gold mineralization is related to the magmatic phase with middle-late Miocene and the age of ~10.7–12 Ma. The geological environment for forming this magmatic phase is related to the extensional- compressional regime by the right-lateral strike-slip shear zone during shortening, folding, and thickening in syn- to post-collisional events. The magmatism is in the form of dacitic to rhyolitic domes on the surface. The gold/silver mineralization is associated with the hydrothermal metal suite of As, Sb, Te, Pb, and Zn, and it is characterized by very low Cu contents of subvolcanic. The final stage of tectonic evolution events is the thrusting of prior normal faults and exhumation in the late Miocene-Pliocene age which is together with post-collision magmatism.     

吉林延边地区浅成热液金(铜)矿床的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar激光探针测年与成矿时代讨论

延边地区是中国东北部陆缘浅成热液金铜矿床发育的地区之一,广泛发育着浅成热液金矿床、中温热液金(铜)矿床和中深成中高温热液富金铜矿床(类斑岩型);富金铜矿床的成矿时代发生在105～102 Ma,为了进一步确定浅成热液金矿床与中深成中高温热液富金铜矿床的成矿动力学背景,采用流体包裹体的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar激光探针定年法,对该区典型浅成热液金矿床进行了精细的年代学测定,获得刺猬沟金矿床、五星山金矿床和杜荒岭金矿床的脉石矿物石英流体包裹体的~(40)Ar/~(39)Ar等时线年龄分别为(141±7)Ma、(123±7)Ma和(107±6)Ma,其中刺猬沟金矿床((141±7)Ma)和五星山金矿床((123±7)Ma)的脉石矿物石英流体包裹体含有过剩放射性成因~(40)Ar,而杜荒岭金矿床((107±6)Ma)的脉石矿物石英流体包裹体几乎不含或含极少量过剩放射性成因~(40)Ar。结合最新获得的相关地质体的精细年代学成果,认定该区浅成热液金矿床成矿作用均发生在早白垩世晚期,或发生在早白垩世晚期火山喷发、浅成岩浆就位之后,其形成环境与富金铜矿床一致,为古太平洋板块向亚洲大陆正北向俯冲转入Izanagi-Farallon板块西向俯冲的构造转换期。     

新疆西天山吐拉苏火山岩盆地浅成低温热液-斑岩型金多金属成矿系统的形成与演化

新疆西天山吐拉苏地区发育的与中酸性火山-次火山岩有关的浅成低温热液-斑岩型金多金属成矿系统,是在晚古生代北天山洋向南部伊犁-中天山板块之下俯冲消减的活动大陆边缘背景下形成的。赋矿的大哈拉军山组火山岩及相关的次火山岩形成于晚泥盆世-早石炭世,岩石总体显示钾质-高钾质、准铝质-过铝质的钙碱性-高钾钙碱性特征,其轻稀土富集、Eu负异常显著、大离子亲石元素富集和高场强元素亏损等,均显示出俯冲带岛弧岩浆作用的特点。阿希(低硫型)和京希-伊尔曼得(高硫型)浅成低温热液金矿床以及塔北、吐拉苏铅锌矿床,受大哈拉军山组火山岩中的断裂破碎带以及具高孔隙度和渗透率的岩性控制;塔吾尔别克斑岩型金矿化主要受斑岩体及火山岩中的断裂和裂隙系统控制,并很可能存在浅成低温热液型金矿化的套合或叠加。硫、铅、碳、氧同位素特征显示,成矿物质主要来自岩浆所分泌的热液和/或赋矿的火山-次火山岩。根据成矿系统形成后的保存和变化情况,认为在吐拉苏盆地内剥蚀程度较低的地区,浅成低温热液型金铅锌矿床具备良好的保存条件,同时在其深部还应注意寻找斑岩型或矽卡岩型铜金矿床。     

Geological development and mineralization in the Atacama segment of the South American Andes,northern Chile (26°15′–27°25′S)

Between the Late Jurassic and the Middle Miocene, widespread magmatism, tectonic events and hydrothermal mineralization characterized the geological evolution of the Atacama segment of the South American Andes. A characteristic feature of this zone is the coincidence in time and space between subduction-generated igneous activity, crustal deformation and mineralization in the magmatic arcs, which formed longitudinal belts migrating eastward.Mineralization in the last 140 Ma is generally restricted to four longitudinal metallogenic belts, in which hydrothermal activity was channelled along crustal-scale faults (1) the Atacama Fault System, along which Early Cretaceous Cu-Au-bearing breccia pipes, veins and stockwork were formed; (2) the Inca do Oro Belt, which contains Upper Cretaceous low sulphur precious metal epithermal mineralization, and Middle Eocene Cu-Mo-Au-bearing breccia pipes; (3) the West Fissure System, which hosts Upper Eocene to Early Oligocene porphyry copper deposits and high sulphur precious metal epithermal mineralization; and (4) the Maricunga Belt, when contains Upper Oligocene to Middle Miocene high sulphur precious metal epithermal deposits and Au-rich porphyry mineralization.