哺乳动物类白蛋白家族的结构、功能与演化

哺乳动物类白蛋白家族成员包括白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、维生素D结合蛋白(vitamin D binding protein,DBP)、甲胎蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein,AFP)和alpha-白蛋白(afamin,AFM)以及甲胎蛋白相关蛋白(alpha-fetoprotein related pro...     

珠江口盆地白云凹陷构造演化与油气系统的关系

白云凹陷是珠江口盆地的一个次级凹陷,蕴藏着丰富的油气资源,是珠江口盆地重要的油气探区之一.白云凹陷形成和演化过程经历了3个阶段:断陷、拗陷和差异升降阶段.多期构造运动叠加造成凹陷内地质构造非常复杂.从白云凹陷构造演化和构造特征研究出发,结合地震剖面、测井资料,初步探讨了白云凹陷构造对油气藏形成的控制作用,明确了构造演化...     

甲壳动物神经肽的结构和功能

甲壳动物神经肽种类多样 ,广泛分布于生物体内的多种组织和器官中 ,已在窦腺中发现了 CHH/MIH/VIH肽家族 ,在围心器官、神经及其它内分泌器官中发现了甲壳动物心激肽、咽侧体抑制素相关肽、速激肽相关肽、Fa RPs、促色素细胞素等多种肽类 ,它们分别对甲壳动物的蜕皮、生殖、血糖浓度、肌肉收缩和色素的迁移等生理功能起着重要的调节作用。综述了在甲壳动物中已被发现并确定其结构的各种神经肽 (CHH/MIH/VIH肽家族除外 )的结构特点和生理功能 ,为进一步加深对神经肽的研究提供参考。     

现代黄河三角洲的结构、发展过程和形成模式

对现代黄河三角洲典型河道－钓口流路的不同钻孔剖面分析，阐明现代黄河三角洲单个流路所形成的三角洲叶片体的沉积物与沉积相的空间分布特征。结合单流路河道的小循环演化规律，划分现代黄河三角洲的发育过程为四个阶段，提出了三角洲的河口坝沉积相间分布的横向沉积序列、主河道型与同汊口河道型两个不同的纵向沉积序列及河口坝型与口坝侧湾型两个不同的垂向沉积序列。在此基础上，提出了现代黄河三角洲的形成模式。     

混沌系统的变结构同步控制

研究Lorenz混沌系统的同步控制问题,提出1种在多输入的情况下实现混沌同步的变结构控制算法.利用该算法设计的变结构同步控制律使得同步误差系统的运动在切换面上成为渐近稳定的滑动模态,从而较快的实现了混沌同步.通过对 Lorenz 混沌系统的理论分析和数值仿真,说明了该变结构同步控制策略的实用性和有效性.     

Rab蛋白的结构、功能与研究展望

Rab蛋白是小分子GTP结合蛋白，约由200个氨基酸组成，Rab蛋白在生物体中高度保守，由保守的G结构域和高度可变的N端和C端组成．Rab蛋白与上游调控子和下游特定的效应子相互作用，并与GTP的结合和水解过程相偶联，在囊泡运输的不同阶段发挥作用．     

九州-帕劳海脊地壳结构及其形成演化的研究综述

九州-帕劳海脊(KPR)位于菲律宾海中央,近南北走向.形成于太平洋板块向西的俯冲,裂离于帕里西维拉海盆和四国盆地的弧后扩张,是老的伊豆-小笠原-马里亚纳岛弧(IBM)的残留弧.裂离期间同时受到垂向旋转应力和水平挤压力的共同作用,这是形成九州-帕劳海脊现今狭长的几何形态的主要原因之一.九州-帕劳海脊南北部地壳结构可总结为P波波速为7.1～7.3 km/s下地壳;P波波速为6.1～6.3 km/s的中地壳;P波波速为4.5～5.5 km/s上地壳.九州帕劳海脊北段,30°N以北区和25°N以南区的地壳厚度普遍在10～15 km,25°～30°N之间的地壳厚度普遍大于15 km.九州-帕劳海脊的中段的地壳厚度变化较大,而且未识别出中地壳的存在,为不成熟的岛弧地壳.海脊南段与北段相似,具三层的地壳结构,但地壳厚度小于北侧,基本上大于10 km.整个九州-帕劳海脊处的地壳厚度普遍厚于两侧海盆的地壳厚度.     

板块运动对Exmouth高地演化和油气勘探的影响

North Carnarvon盆地位于澳大利亚西北大陆架的南部,是一个自晚古生代至新生代持续沉降形成的巨型含油气盆地,其中Exmouth高地是该盆地主要的地质单元,自2008年以来发现三叠系Mungaroo组气田30个。在对Exmouth高地进行地震资料解释时发现,该区域具有许多特殊的地质现象,如具有大量各异的区域不整合面;断裂系统靠近外缘展布且具有一定规律;三叠系三角洲地层沉积现象特殊等。结合区域地质资料,利用板块运动理论,进一步对上述现象进行了分析和总结。通过对各个时期区域板块间相对位置和相对运动的分析发现,板块运动控制着这个区域的构造沉积演化,进一步控制着区域的油气成藏。通过对板块运动的研究,总结了区域油气勘探的一般性规律。     

浮游植物metacaspase的分布、结构及其功能特性

精氨酸/赖氨酸特异性半胱氨酸蛋白酶(Metacaspase)在浮游植物程序性细胞死亡(programmed cell death.PCD)过程中起着关键作用。本文利用生物信息学方法分析metacaspase基因在浮游植物中的分布,并以海洋球石藻(Emilianiahuxleyi)metacaspases(EhMCs)为代表分析其结构和功能,依据Uniprot和String数据库挖掘与metacaspase功能相关并参与浮游植物PCD过程的互作蛋白。结果发现:共计29条、四种类型的metacaspases分布于11种浮游植物中,它们的metacaspase蛋白一级结构存在明显差异,但位于p20的组氨酸和半胱氨酸活性位点均具有高度的保守性;EhMCs三级结构与酵母的metacaspase十分相似,暗示它们具有类似的功能;浮游植物metacaspases与多种蛋白存在直接或间接的互作关系,在细胞PCD过程、响应环境胁迫和能量代谢等方面发挥重要作用。另外.metacaspase的磷酸化修饰可能在浮游植物PCD信号转导过程中起调节作用。     

藻类捕光天线系统:结构与功能的统一

藻类是光合自养的水生孢子植物,为了适应水下弱光的特殊生境,藻类捕光天线历经亿万年的进化,形成了特殊的结构与功能.从发现藻类捕光天线的存在到至今的70多年间,其结构解析技术的发展共经历了4个阶段:首先是利用生化及普通光谱技术研究结构组成(1950-1980年);其次是利用X-ray晶体学技术研究局部精细结构(1980年至...     

Structure, function, and neural control of pectoral fins in fishes

Fin-based propulsion systems perform well for both high-speed cruising and high maneuverability in fishes, making them good models for propulsors of autonomous underwater vehicles. Labriform locomotion in fishes is actuated by oscillation of the paired pectoral fins. Here, we present recent research on fin structure, fin motion, and neural control in fishes to outline important future directions for this field and to assist engineers in attempting biomimicry of maneuverable fin-based locomotion in shallow surge zones. Three areas of structure and function are discussed in this review: 1) the anatomical structure of the fin blade, skeleton, and muscles that drive fin motion; 2) the rowing and flapping motions that fins undergo for propulsion in fishes; and 3) the neuroanatomy, neural circuitry, and electrical muscle activity that are characteristic of pectoral fins. Research on fin biomechanics, muscle physiology and neural control is important to the comparative biology of locomotion in fishes and application of fin function for aid in aquatic vehicle design. Recommendations are made regarding fin propulsor designs based on the fin shape, activation pattern, and motion. Research on neural control of fins is a key piece in the puzzle for a complete understanding of comparative fin function and may provide important principles for engineers designing control systems for fin-like propulsors.     

松江鲈肌酸激酶的基因克隆、表达与功能分析

前期蛋白质质谱分析发现,松江鲈（Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel）经鳗弧菌（Vibrio anguillarum）刺激后,其皮肤黏液中的肌酸激酶（creatine kinase,CK）的表达明显上调。目前,肌酸激酶在鱼类中的功能研究尚未深入开展。本文利用RACE技术克隆获得了松江鲈CK基因的全长cDNA序列（命名为TfM-CK）。TfM-CK基因的cDNA全长为1 474 bp,开放阅读框为1 146 bp,编码381个氨基酸。序列比对分析显示,TfM-CK序列高度保守。实时荧光定量PCR显示,TfM-CK mRNA广泛表达于松江鲈各组织,在肌肉中的相对表达量最高,其次为血液。鳗弧菌刺激后,TfM-CK mRNA在肌肉、皮肤、脾脏和头肾中均上调表达。其中,脾脏中的表达量高达对照组的900多倍。原核重组表达纯化的TfM-CK （rTfM-CK）蛋白酶活测定实验结果显示,重组蛋白的酶活为22.0 U/mg。rTfM-CK对鳗弧菌、大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）、巨大芽孢杆菌（Bacillus megaterium）和金黄色葡萄球菌（Staphylococcus aureus）有较强的凝集作用。由以上实验结果推测,TfM-CK可能通过细菌凝集作用参与到了松江鲈抵抗病原菌的先天免疫防御过程中。本研究为认识鱼类肌酸激酶的功能及其在病原菌防御过程中的分子免疫机制机制提供了参考。     

Structure and evolution of the Northeastern German Basin and its transition onto the Baltic Shield

The post-Permian sequence stratigraphical and structural evolution of the Northeastern German Basin and its transition onto the Baltic Shield has been studied in the Bay of Mecklenburg (SW Baltic Sea) by means of seismic interpretation. Five major sequences have been identified: Middle Triassic, Upper Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous and Cenozoic. Time–isochore maps allowed the identification of several phases of salt pillow growth. The contemporaneity of active salt tectonics and the well studied tectonic evolution of the Northeastern German Basin suggest a causative correlation. The E–W directed extension during the Triassic-Early Jurassic marking the beginning break-up of Pangaea is seen as the trigger process for the first period of salt movement. A fault system outside the limit of the Zechstein evaporates is understood as the consequence of thin-skinned faulting and brittle thick-skinned deformation that accompanied this extension. The observed pronounced erosion of Upper Triassic and Lower Jurassic strata is considered to result from the uplift due to the Mid North Sea Doming event in Middle Jurassic times. The seismic data show an undisturbed Late Cretaceous succession which reflects a period of rising sea level, tectonic quiescence and no salt movement. In contrast to the salt pillows which emerged above Triassic fault systems in the westernmost Baltic and western North German Basin, the Cenozoic salt movement activity is the most pronounced. This period of reactivated salt pillow growth started coevally with the onset of the Alpine orogeny at the Cretaceous/Cenozoic transition when the Africa-Arabian plate collided with Eurasia. Generally, no significant faults were identified in the overburden of the salt floored southern Bay of Mecklenburg where ductile Zechstein salt decouples deep rooted faulting from supra-salt deformation.     

灿烂弧菌粘附相关因子VsA的表达及功能研究

为了探究灿烂弧菌中 Zn2+转运系统的细胞周质组分 VsA 的表达与功能,本实验采用 PCR 克隆 vsA 基因,实时荧光定量测定 vsA 基因的表达,利用抗体封闭实验研究 VsA 蛋白的功能。生物信息学分析表明 VsA 具有结合和转运 Zn2+的结构基础。实时荧光定量结果表明,vsA 的表达受 Zn2+调控,且具有浓度依赖性,0.01 mmol/L 的 Zn2+可使 vsA 的表达量下调至对照组的0.5倍,而添加等摩尔量的 Cu2+、Fe3+、Mg2+和 Ca2+对 vsA 的表达无明显影响。而 0.1 滋mol/L Zn2+则会诱导 vsA 的表达。此外,在大肠杆菌 Escherichia coli BL21 （DE3） 中进行了 VsA 的重组表达,制备了 VsA 的小鼠多克隆抗体。利用抗体封闭 VsA 蛋白可导致灿烂弧菌在 Zn2+限制条件下的生长受抑制,以及过氧化氢的能力和粘附效率的降低。本研究获得了灿烂弧菌的 vsA 基因,其表达受 Zn2+浓度调控,VsA 蛋白在灿烂弧菌生长、抗氧化以及粘附宿主细胞过程中发挥作用。     

Fill to spill stratigraphic evolution of a confined turbidite mini-basin succession,and its likely well bore expression: The Castagnola Fm,NW Italy

This study documents the stratigraphic evolution of the Castagnola ponded turbidite mini-basin through analysis of a detailed base-to-top section measured in the central part of the basin. Vertical variations in facies characteristics, thickness ratio of mud cap vs. sandstone of event beds and net/gross are argued to be good proxies for pinpointing the stratigraphic transition from dominantly ponded deposition, where most of the flow is trapped by the confining topography, to a flow-stripping – dominated phase in which an increasingly large part of incoming flows can escape the basin by spilling over the enclosing topography. Thickness statistics of sandstones and mud caps of event beds from the case study show that in the initial stage of turbidite deposition only part of the mud of exceptionally large volume flows escaped the confining topography; as the basin was progressively infilled, nearly all inbound flows were affected by flow stripping, with part of the sand and most of the mud escaping the basin. In the latest recorded stage of deposition the abundance of by-pass features coupled with significant modification of the sandstone bed thickness population suggests that the turbidite system was no longer obstructed frontally, and could step forward onto a healed topography. In order to assess whether the documented trends of turbidite bed characteristics indicative of the ‘fill to spill’ transition could be recognised from wireline log data alone, synthetic logs were prepared by up-scaling the field data to resolutions typical of borehole geophysical log data. Vertical trends of average bed thickness and net/gross recognisable in the synthetic data suggest that the transition from ponded to spill-dominated situations should be resolvable in geophysical log data.     

Sedimentology and evolution of Omaro Spit,Coromandel Peninsula

The sedimentary structures, composition, and texture of sediments from the barrier coast complex (Matarangi Beach—Omaro Spit—Whangapoua Harbour) at Whangapoua, Coromandel Peninsula, are described. Sediments are mainly fine sands, rarely muddy or silty, and most are plagioclase feldsarenites, reflecting derivation from a predominantly Tertiary volcanic hinterland. Sediments from each of the modern environments, namely nearshore, foreshore, back‐shore, frontal dunes, tidal flats, and tidal channels, are characterised by a particular combination of sedimentary structures and subtle textural parameters. Dune ridge and barrier flat paleoenvironments on Omaro Spit were successfully identified by comparing their lithologic properties with the modern sediments. ‘Surficial’ sediments of the well‐preserved dune ridge system developed immediately inland from Matarangi Beach closely resemble those in the modern frontal dunes, and the ‘in depth’ dune ridge sediments are more analogous to the present foreshore sands. The barrier flat deposits separating the dune ridge system from Whangapoua Harbour have similar characteristics to the modern tidal flat sediments in the harbour.

Omaro Spit probably began as an offshore bar across the mouth of Whangapoua Harbour, an embayment formed by the post‐glacial drowning of a Late Tertiary dislocated fault‐block. Tidal flat sedimentation within the harbour formed the ancient barrier flat deposits which rise to at least 2 m above the modern harbour flats, suggesting local sea level at the time was higher than at present. During a subsequent cyclic fall in sea level, supratidal aeolian deposition led to a succession of 15 to 18 parallel dune ridges developed on high‐tide berms. Linear regression analyses of dune ridge and swale heights and the height distribution of positive (aeolian) and negative (beach foreshore) skewness values and of contrasting sedimentary structures in dune ridgL paleosediments, together with the stages in dune soil development across the barrier, suggest initial sedimentation occurred from 4000–5000 years ago when local sea level was 2–3 m above present mean high water level. Barrier progradation was interrupted by an important period of coastal erosion during a temporary rise in sea level immediately before deposition in the dune ridge system of a layer of 2000‐year‐old sea‐rafted Leigh Pumice. Sea level probably reached its modern position at Whangapoua about 1000 years ago, since when some evidence suggests the barrier spit may have experienced minor uplift.