燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展

对燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展进行了简要的概述,特别是从膜材料角度分类．较详细的介绍了全氟化质子交换膜,部分氟化质子交换膜,接枝、交联、共混型质子交换膜等的特性及最新的研究状况,并对其发展前景进行了探讨．     

新型燃料电池用质子交换膜研究进展

传统的全氟磺酸膜Nation、Dow质子交换膜、Flemion等目前在质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用最为广泛，但在高温条件下以氢或甲醇作为燃料的燃料电池中，其性能受到一定的影响，且这类膜价格昂贵，不利于推广应用，阻碍了燃料电池的商业化进程。因此，开发一种新型的价格低廉、性能良好的膜是推广应用此类电池的关键。本文简要介绍了目前各国研究的应用于高温条件下(100～160℃)质子交换膜燃料电池与直接甲醇燃料电池中的新型膜。对它们的质子传导率、甲醇渗透率等性能进行了分析比较。     

燃料电池用磺化聚醚醚酮质子交换膜的研究

通过浓硫酸磺化法制备了具有不同磺化程度的磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK),并对此种质子交换膜进行了物化性能和H2／O2质子交换膜燃料电池性能研究,实验结果表明,SPEEK膜具有较理想的力学稳定性和气体渗透率,它的微观结构和质子传导性能与Nafion膜有所不同,经过其H2／O2质子交换膜燃料电池的性能研究,SPEEK膜能够保证电池在200h内稳定运行,有希望成为PEMFC用质子交换膜材料。     

燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展

质子交换膜是质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)的和绝缘电子的作用,其性能和寿命直接决定电池的性能和寿命.从膜材料的角度分类,综述了质子交换膜燃料电池用主链含氟聚合物膜、元素有机聚合物膜以及芳香族碳氢化合物膜的特性和研究现状.     

燃料电池用复合质子交换膜的研究进展

针对全氟磺酸质子交换膜成本过高的问题,主要通过制备低成本、高性能的无氟质子交换膜来解决;针对质子交换膜在温度高于100℃时,其质子电导率急剧下降的问题,主要通过制备聚合物/无机颗粒复合质子交换膜来解决.本文对聚合物/无机颗粒复合质子交换膜的国内外研究现状进行了综述,重点介绍了无氟聚合物/无机颗粒复合质子交换膜的制备方法及其性能特点,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望.     

燃料电池用新型质子交换膜的研究进展

质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)以其高效、清洁、高能量密度和高功率密度等诸多优点正引起人们越来越多的关注和研究．目前,质子交换膜是制约PEMFC技术应用的一个主要问题．为此,开发性能良好、成本经济的新型质子交换膜是一项很有意义的工作、综述了近几年国内外在新型质子交换膜(包括全氟磺酸膜、部分含氟磺酸膜、非氟质子交换膜)方面的研究进展．     

燃料电池用质子交换膜的发展方向

从Nafion膜的结构与性能的关系出发，主要分析了含水量、分子结构以及膜的微观结构和酸度对质子电导率的影响，指出了Nafion膜待克服的问题如高温电导率低，甲醇渗透性大，提出了质子交换膜以后的发展方向，包括Nafion膜的修饰与改性，含氟高分子作为主链接枝带有磺酸的支链，有机聚硅氧烷主链接枝烷基磺酸质子交换膜．     

燃料电池用质子交换膜的研究进展

介绍了各种新型质子交换膜(PEM)的研究开发状况,阐述了对全氟磺酸树脂膜改性的研究进展,并对质子交换膜的研究方向和趋势进行了预测.     

燃料电池用含氟质子交换膜的研究现状

简要介绍了燃料电池的定义、分类及其特点.介绍了全氟磺酸质子交换膜中质子传输机理,按质子交换膜材料的不同,分类回顾了近年来全氟磺酸质子交换膜、部分含氟质子交换膜等领域的研究进展,并展望了今后的研究趋势.     

直接甲醇燃料电池用磺化聚醚醚酮质子交换膜

在回顾近年来直接甲醇燃料电池用磺化聚醚醚酮(SPEEK)质子交换膜的发展历程基础上,分别综述了制膜材料SPEEK的合成和SPEEK质子交换膜的制备研究进展,重点总结了SPEEK质子交换膜的电导率和阻醇性能及其稳定性的影响因素和影响规律,其中包括制膜材料和溶剂以及工艺、SPEEK的共混改性、SPEEK的填充改性或多层复合结构的影响,进而分析了高性能SPEEK质子交换膜的开发研究前景.     

Nafion electro-spun reinforced membranes for polymer electrolyte fuel cell

The introduction of different reinforcement materials (yarns, fibrils, etc) into the membranes has been investigated with the aim of maintaining adequate membrane properties in terms of mechanical strength, good chemical stability, low swelling at critical temperatures and a stable electrochemical performance in PEFC. An innovative technique for the development of membranes is based on polymeric films containing polymeric nanofibres obtained through electrospinning. The electrospinning of Nafion blends with polyvinylpirrolidone (PVP) and polystyrene (PS) was investigated in this work. In particular, the morphology and diameter of electrospun fibres as a function of the electrospinning parameters and solution preparation have been studied and in both cases, a critical concentration of blend solution was found. Beaded fibres were obtained above such a concentration and, below it, only fibre mats were observed. Reinforced Nafion-based membranes were realised by using the obtained spun films. Preliminary proton conductivity and fuel cell results have shown the capability of operating in a fuel cell environment with a slightly higher performance than pure Nafion but having an improved stability at high temperatures.     

Antioxidant technology for durability enhancement in polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications

While polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) have surged in popularity due to their low environmental impact and high efficiency, their susceptibility to degradation by in-situ generated peroxide and oxygen radical species has prevented their widespread adoption. To alleviate chemical attack on components of PEMFCs, particularly on polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), antioxidant approaches have been the subject of enormous interest as a key solution because they can directly scavenge and remove detrimental peroxide and oxygen radical species. However, a consequence is that long-term PEMFC device operation can cause undesirable adverse degradation of antioxidant additives provoked by the distinctive chemical/electrochemical environment of low pH, electric potential, water flux, and ion exchange/concentration gradient. Moreover, changes in the physical state such as migration, agglomeration, and dissolution of antioxidants by mechanical or chemical pressures are serious problems that gradually deteriorate antioxidant activity and capacity. This review presents current opportunities for and limitations to antioxidant therapy for durability enhancement in PEMs for electrochemical device applications. We also provide a summary of advanced synthetic design strategies and in-depth analyses of antioxidants regarding optimizing activity-stability factors. This review will bring new insight into the design to realization of ideal antioxidant nanostructures for PEMs and open up new opportunities for enhancing proliferation of durable PEMFCs.     

聚苯并咪唑在高温质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用研究进展

简要介绍了一类高性能聚合物—聚苯并咪唑的制备方法及其在高温质子交换膜燃料电池中的应用研究进展;阐述了磷酸掺杂聚苯并咪唑膜的质子传导机理,探讨了磷酸掺杂率对聚苯并咪唑膜的力学强度和质子导电率等性能的影响规律;并对今后磷酸掺杂聚苯并咪唑质子交换膜研究领域需要解决的关键问题进行了讨论.     

Nafion/silane nanocomposite membranes for high temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been studied actively for both potable and stationary applications because it can offer high power density and be used only hydrogen and oxygen as environment-friendly fuels. Nafion which is widely used has mechanical and chemical stabilities as well as high conductivity. However, there is a drawback that it can be useless at high temperatures (> or = 90 degrees C) because proton conducting mechanism cannot work above 100 degrees C due to dehydration of membrane. Therefore, PEMFC should be operated for long-term at high temperatures continuously. In this study, we developed nanocomposite membrane using stable properties of Nafion and phosphonic acid groups which made proton conducting mechanism without water. 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) was used to replace sulfonic acid groups of Nafion and then its aminopropyl group was chemically modified to phosphonic acid groups. The nanocomposite membrane showed very high conductivity (approximately 0.02 S/cm at 110 degrees C, <30% RH).     

Recent developments in polymer electrolyte membrane-based fuel cells

Here, we round up some recent developments in polymer electrolyte (proton-exchange) membrane-based fuel cell technology.     

石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的研究进展

石墨烯是最近几年才发现的炭材料的新成员, 其完美的二维结构和许多奇特的性质, 引起了科学家的极大兴趣。石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的改性以及各种石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的制备成为当前研究的热点之一。与纯的聚合物相比, 石墨烯的加入可赋予复合材料不同的功能性, 不但表现出优异的力学和电学性能, 且具有优良的加工性能, 为复合材料提供了更广阔的应用空间。文中概述了石墨烯/聚合物复合材料的制备方法、结构及性能, 并展望了石墨烯及其聚合物复合材料的研究前景。     

锂离子电池用固体聚合物电解质的最新进展

全固态聚合物电解质由于其突出的安全性能,在锂离子电池中具有潜在的应用前景,其研究备受关注.本文综述了锂离子电池用全固态聚合物电解质的最新研究进展.主要关注的是电化学性能,尤其是室温附近的离子电导率.对性能较好的聚合物固体电解质体系进行了概述.     

高吸水性树脂耐盐性研究进展

本文从高吸水性树脂的吸水机理和盐对离子型树脂的影响出发 ,论述了提高吸水性树脂耐盐能力的几种有效方法     

微生物燃料电池阳极系统的最新研究进展

微生物燃料电池技术目前取得了突破性的进展,并迅速成为废水处理的热点.该文介绍了微生物燃料电池的工作原理和电子传递途径,并结合近期研究成果,重点评述了微生物燃料电池中阳极系统的研究状况,对阳极特性、产电微生物的种类、阳极生物膜驯化方式等三个方面进行了评价,提出了目前阳极研究中存在的问题以及未来的研究重点和方向.