高铌TiAl合金钎焊接头组织和性能研究（英文）

采用Ti-28Ni(质量分数,%)共晶钎料在1100℃实现了高铌Ti Al合金(Ti-45Al-8.5Nb-(W,B,Y)(at%),TAN)的真空钎焊连接。钎焊接头的典型界面结构为TAN/τ_3-Al_3Ti_2Ni+B2/α_2-Ti_3Al layer/α_2-Ti_3Al+δ-Ti_2Ni/α_2-Ti_3Al layer/τ_3-Al_3Ti_2Ni+B2/TAN。深入研究了保温时间对钎焊接头界面组织和连接性能的影响。结果表明:Ni元素从熔融钎料向TAN母材的扩散决定了界面组织的演化,随着保温时间的延长促进了扩散层的增厚,同时导致钎缝宽度逐渐减小。接头剪切强度测试结果显示,当保温时间为15 min时,获得的最大接头室温剪切强度和高温(600℃)剪切强度分别是248.6和166.4 MPa。接头断口分析表明在剪切试验中裂纹主要沿着连续的金属间化合物层产生和扩展。     

TiAl/Ni基合金反应钎焊接头的微观组织及剪切强度(英文)

以Ti为中间层,对TiAl基金属间化合物与Ni基高温合金进行反应钎焊连接,研究反应钎焊接头的界面微观结构及剪切强度。通过实验发现,熔融中间层与两侧母材反应剧烈,生成连续的界面反应层。典型的界面微观结构为GH99/(Ni,Cr)ss(γ)/TiNi(β2)+TiNi2Al(τ4)+Ti2Ni(δ)/δ+Ti3Al(α2)+Al3NiTi2(τ3)/α2+τ3/TiAl。当钎焊温度为1000°C,保温时间10min时,所得接头的剪切强度最高为258MPa。进一步升高钎焊温度或延长保温时间,会引起钎缝组织中组成相粗化和脆性金属间化合物层的生成,从而导致接头剪切强度的降低。     

TC4/TNM钎焊接头界面组织及性能

采用Ti-25.65Zr-13.3Cu-12.35Ni-3Co-2Mo(wt.%)非晶箔带钎料在900 ℃~1020 ℃/10 min工艺下真空钎焊连接TC4和TNM合金,并系统研究了TC4/TNM钎焊接头的界面组织和形成机理以及钎焊温度对界面组织和剪切强度的影响规律。结果表明：钎焊温度900～980 ℃时接头的组织为TC4/细小网篮状(α+β)-Ti/γ-(Ti,Zr)2(Cu,Ni) + α-Ti/Ti3Al/TNM,随钎焊温度升高,钎缝中硬脆的γ相减少、韧性的α-Ti增加。钎焊温度1000 ℃和1020 ℃时,接头的界面反应层由三层演变成两层且对应的物相分别是韧性差的粗针状(α+β)-Ti和Ti3Al,粗针状(α+β)-Ti随温度升高进一步粗化。钎焊接头剪切强度随温度升高先增加后减小,钎焊温度980 ℃时剪切强度达到最大值494.83 MPa。剪切测试的钎焊接头均脆性断裂于TNM侧的钎缝中。     

TiAl基合金与Ni基合金钎焊连接接头界面组织及性能

采用BNi2钎料实现了TiAl基合金与Ni基高温合金的钎焊。采用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等手段对钎焊接头的界面组织结构及生成相进行分析,并对接头的抗剪强度进行测试。结果表明,钎焊接头的典型界面结构为：GH99/(Ni)ss (γ)+Ni3B+CrB+富Ti-硼化物/TiNi2Al/TiNiAl+Ti3Al/TiAl;随着钎焊温度的升高或保温时间的延长,较多的B和Si元素扩散进入两侧母材,导致钎缝中硼化物数量减少,而TiAl/钎缝界面的TiNi2Al和TiNiAl+Ti3Al金属间化合物层厚度增加;当钎焊温度为1050 ℃,保温时间为5 min时,接头的抗剪强度达到最大为205 MPa,接头主要断裂于TiNiAl金属间化合物层。当钎焊温度升高或保温时间继续延长时,TiNiAl厚度显著增加,导致接头强度下降     

TiZrNiCu非晶钎料钎焊TiB_w/TC4复合材料和Ti60合金（英文）

使用TiZrNiCu非晶钎料成功实现了TiB_w/TC4复合材料和Ti60合金的钎焊连接。通过扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪、X射线衍射仪及万能材料试验机表征钎焊接头的组织及性能。在940°C保温10 min下,钎焊接头的典型界面组织为Ti Bw/TC4复合材料/β-Ti+Ti B晶须/(Ti,Zr)_2(Ni,Cu)金属间化合物层/β-Ti层/Ti60合金。钎焊过程中元素向母材中的扩散过程直接影响接头界面结构。钎焊温度的升高使(Ti,Zr)_2(Ni,Cu)金属间化合物层的厚度减小,当钎焊温度超过1020°C时,(Ti,Zr)_2(Ni,Cu)金属间化合物层消失。钎焊温度较低时,生成的脆性相(Ti,Zr)_2(Ni,Cu)不利于接头性能。接头剪切强度随钎焊温度的升高呈先增加后降低的趋势,在1020°C下获得最大的剪切强度368.6 MPa;而当钎焊温度达到1060°C时,接头强度降低,这是由于形成了粗大的层状(α+β)-Ti组织。     

TiNiB复合钎料钎焊Ti2AlNb基合金接头微观组织及性能

采用Ti-66Ni(质量分数,%)+B的复合钎料对Ti_2AlNb基合金进行钎焊连接,研究了钎焊接头的界面组织与形成机制,分析了钎焊温度与B含量对接头组织与性能的影响。结果表明:钎焊接头的典型界面组织为:Ti_2AlNb/B2/B2+Nb_3Al+τ_3+TiB/τ_3+Ti_2Ni/B2+Nb_3Al+τ_3+TiB/B2/Ti_2AlNb;B含量为10vol%时,当钎焊温度升高至1200℃时,有连续的τ_3相生成,导致接头性能下降;B元素的加入影响界面中Ti_2Ni的形核与Nb_3Al的长大过程,B含量为10vol%时,接头中生成的TiB存在于Nb_3Al相边缘,抑制晶粒长大,继续增加B含量,接头中生成的TiB弥散分布于界面中,反应层增厚,Nb_3Al相尺寸增大。当B含量为10vol%,钎焊温度为1180℃,保温10min时,接头的抗剪强度最大,达到245MPa。     

复合粉末中间层钎焊SiO2 陶瓷与TC4合金的接头组织与性能

采用46.4%Ag-18.0%Cu-35.6%Ni(质量分数)复合粉末中间层实现了SiO2陶瓷和TC4钛合金的良好钎焊.使用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射等方法对钎焊接头的界面组织和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,SiO2陶瓷和TC4钛合金的连接接头成形良好,SiO2陶瓷/Ag-Cu/Ni/TC4钛合金钎焊接头的界面结构为:SiO2/Ti4O7+TiSi2/Ti2Cu+Ti2Ni/α-Ti+Ti2Cu+Ti2Ni过共晶组织/α-Ti+Ti2Cu+Ti2Ni过共析组织/α-Ti/TC4.当钎焊温度为970 ℃、保温时间为30 min时,使用Ag-Cu/Ni粉末中间层钎焊SiO2陶瓷与TC4钛合金的接头达到最高抗剪强度38 MPa.     

Ti3SiC2陶瓷与TC4合金钎焊接头微观组织及性能

采用接触反应钎焊,以Ti/Ni/Ti为中间层,实现了Ti3SiC2陶瓷与TC4合金的连接。钎焊接头的典型界面组织为：TC4/α-Ti + β-Ti + Ti2Ni/Ti2Ni + Ti3AlC + Ti5Si3Cx + TiC/Ti3SiC2。随着钎焊温度的升高和保温时间的延长,钎缝宽度增加,Ti2Ni相含量减少。钎焊温度为980 ℃时,大量的Ti2Ni相分布于反应区;连接温度为1000 ℃时,钎焊接头抗剪强度最高,达到82 MPa,断裂主要发生在陶瓷母材处;随着钎焊温度的继续提升,在反应区和TC4合金界面处出现明显孔洞,接头力学性能显著降低。此外,分析了钎焊接头的形成机制。     

TiAl与Ni基合金接触反应钎焊接头界面组织及性能

以Ti为中间层实现了TiAl与Ni基合金的接触反应钎焊。采用扫描电镜和电子探针等手段对钎焊接头的界面结构及生成相进行分析,并对接头剪切强度进行测试。结果表明:当钎焊温度为960℃时,钎缝主要由Tiss和Ti2Ni组成;当钎焊温度从960℃升高到1000℃时,钎缝中生成Ti-Al及Al-Ni-Ti化合物,典型界面结构为:GH99/(Ni,Cr)ss/Ti2Ni+AlNi2Ti+TiNi/Ti3Al+Al3NiTi2/Ti3Al+Al3NiTi2/TiAl;钎焊温度继续升高,Ti3Al和Al3NiTi2变得粗大,导致接头性能下降。当钎焊温度为1000℃,保温10min时,接头剪切强度达到最大值233MPa。随钎焊温度的升高,钎缝厚度先增加后减小。     

Ti2AlNb合金瞬时液相扩散连接接头界面组织及性能分析

采用Ti/Ni作为中间层实现了Ti2AlNb合金的连接(transient liquid phase, TLP)，研究了TLP连接接头的界面组织及其形成机制，并且分析了不同保温时间对接头界面组织和力学性能的影响规律. 结果表明,Ti2AlNb合金TLP连接接头主要表现为等温凝固区和冷却凝固区两个明显的特征区域. 接头的典型界面组织为Ti2AlNb/B2/Nb3Al+B2+τ3+Ti2Ni/ Ti2AlNb. 随着保温时间的延长，接头中Nb3Al和Ti2Ni相消失，τ3相不断减少，B2相不断增多. 当连接温度为1 180 ℃，保温时间为20 min时，接头的室温抗剪强度最大，达到428 MPa，高温(650 ℃)抗剪强度达到407 MPa. 接头的断裂主要发生在冷却凝固区的τ3相上.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.