加工对燕麦β-葡聚糖的影响研究进展

燕麦已被公认为具有保健功能的营养食品,不同的加工方法对燕麦的β-葡聚糖可产生不同程度的影响,从而影响其生物学功能。燕麦的加工方法主要包括热处理、挤压、均质、发酵等。热处理主要导致高分子量的β-葡聚糖发生降解;挤压和发酵可能会造成β-葡聚糖的分子结构和理化性质的改变;均质会使β-葡聚糖的流变学行为发生改变。总之,加工对燕麦的结构与功能的影响值得进一步关注。      

蒜粉抗疲劳和降血脂作用研究

主要研究了蒜粉对小鼠抗疲劳能力和对非特异性刺激的抵抗能力以及对灌胃脂肪造型剂造成的高血脂小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清总甘油三脂(TG)、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C)和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL—C)的代谢调节作用。结果表明，蒜粉可以极显提高小鼠常压耐缺氧存活时间和游泳时间，具有提高小鼠抗疲劳能力；可以极显降低小鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)、血清总甘油三脂(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL—C)和极低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(VLDL—C)含量，阻止动脉硬化的发生，但不能提高血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL—C)含量。     

茶多酚对肥胖大鼠血清瘦素、胰岛素及血脂的影响

探讨茶多酚对单纯性肥胖大鼠血清瘦素、胰岛素及血脂的影响并观察其功效。采用高脂饲料喂养建立肥胖大鼠模型,测定体重、脂肪质量形态学指标,Lee's指数,判定其减肥效果;测定血清瘦素,胰岛素,血糖等,判定其对肥胖的影响;测定血清胆固醇、甘油三酯、低密度脂蛋白(LD)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)等指标,判定其对血脂的影响。茶多酚高剂量组对大鼠减肥效果比较明显,且减肥同时血脂、血糖有不同程度的降低,减肥有效时血清瘦素、胰岛素水平明显降低。因此,茶多酚具有一定的降脂减肥作用,但不排除其作用是由多方机制的结果。     

罐装降脂减肥果茶生产工艺的研究

本文介绍了以各种中药材为主要原料 ,配以茶叶为辅料 ,运用先进的处理方法制备降脂减肥果茶的生产工艺、质量标准 ,并对确定生产工艺的几个主要问题进行了探讨     

植物乳杆菌DMDL 9010制剂调控SD大鼠脂质水平的研究

探讨植物乳杆菌DMDL 9010(Lactobacillus plantarum DMDL 9010)对SD大鼠脂质水平的影响。以无菌水、1 mg/mL阿托伐他汀水溶液、高剂量(10⁹ CFU/mL)和低剂量(10⁷ CFU/mL)L. plantarum DMDL 9010菌悬液连续灌胃SD大鼠10周,监测大鼠体重和血清、肝脏、粪便的脂质水平变化。结果显示:高剂量(10⁹ CFU/mL)L.plantarum DMDL 9010能显著降低大鼠血清总胆固醇(TC)(23.03%)、低密度脂蛋白(28.00%)和动脉硬化指数(34.04%)(p<0.05),显著降低大鼠肝脏TC(33.20%)和甘油三酯(TG)(40.86%)(p<0.05),增加粪便TC(31.07%)和胆汁酸(TBA)(70.18%)排泄(p<0.05),肝脏病理切片观察表明,L. plantarum DMDL 9010能改善肝细胞脂肪变性。得出L. plantarum DMDL 9010以剂量依赖的方式降低血清和肝脏的TC和TG,提高粪便TC和TBA排泄,从而有效调控其脂质水平,为开发预防和治疗高胆固醇血症的益生菌制剂提供了可能。     

燕麦不同熟化方法对燕麦香肠品质影响的初探

将脱皮燕麦经过预处理,采用不同的方式添加至香肠配料中。以掩埋的不同预熟化方法为研究对象,通过对香肠品质的检测,分析不同预熟化方法对香肠品质的影响。     

冠突散囊菌发酵燕麦对阿魏酸含量的影响

以燕麦为基质,利用冠突散囊菌进行燕麦固态发酵,通过单因素试验和正交试验优化阿魏酸提取工艺及燕麦发酵条件,采用 高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定燕麦的阿魏酸含量。 结果表明,阿魏酸提取最佳工艺是采用固液比为1∶10（g∶mL）的体积分数60%的乙 醇在50 ℃条件下浸提发酵燕麦6 h; 燕麦发酵最佳条件为裸燕麦在pH 5的水溶液中浸泡12 h,121 ℃灭菌后接种1%的冠突散囊菌, 26 ℃恒温发酵;在此条件下发酵燕麦阿魏酸含量在发酵第4 d时达到最高835.89 μg/g,是未发酵燕麦的4.2倍。     

Dietary effects on growth,liver peroxides,and serum and lipoprotein lipids in rats fed a thermoxidised and polymerised sunflower oil

The effect on food intake, weight gain, liver lipid peroxides, lipemia and lipoprotein composition was determined in rats fed a diet with 15% sunflower oil used repeatedly for frying and containing ∽19% polar material (group 2). These dietary effects were compared over a 4 week study period with those found in rats fed a control diet that contained 15% unused sunflower oil with ∽5% polar material (group 1). Both groups had similar food and nutrient intakes (except for linoleic acid, significantly lower (P<0·01) in group 2), yet the final weight gain and food efficiency and protein efficiency ratios were significantly lower in group 2. As a consequence of thermoxidised oil ingestion, liver homogenates from group 2 presented higher (P<0·02) levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) Liver TBARS levels were significantly correlated (P<0·01) with the amount of thermoxidised substances ingested. No treatment effect was found on VLDL lipid composition. However, the LDL fraction of group 2 animals appears enriched (P<0·05) in total and free cholesterol. In group 2 rats, phospholipids, and total and esterified cholesterol were significantly increased (P<0·05) in HDL. As a consequence of the changes in the lipoprotein composition, the amount of all forms of serum cholesterol, and serum phospholipids was significantly higher (at least P<0·05) while the amount of serum triacylglycerols remained unchanged in rats fed the used oil. HDL-phospholipids were significantly correlated (P<0·02) with the amount of thermoxidised compounds ingested. The increase in serum cholesterol and phospholipids, and in HDL-cholesterol and HDL-phospholipid concentration seens in group 2 rats may be a protective mechanism against the peroxidative stress produced by the ingestion of used sunflower oil. © 1998 SCI.     

燕麦片加工工艺的研究

简要介绍燕麦的主要产区、种类、产量和营养价值。系统地论述燕麦片的加工工艺和关键工序的作用与所达到的现阶段性产品的要求。     

苹果燕麦酸奶的工艺研究

以苹果、燕麦、鲜奶为主要原料,应用单因素和正交实验设计,通过乳酸菌发酵,研制成风味独特、酸甜适度的苹果燕麦酸奶。该酸奶最佳配方工艺条件为苹果果粒燕麦浆15%,蔗糖7%,接种量3%(均为质量分数),(42±1)℃发酵4 h。     

果蔬燕麦食品营养与开发利用进展

燕麦片是一种营养丰富、方便快捷、易于携带的食品。燕麦食品能基本满足人体所需能量,但维生素和矿物质等成分相对不足,不能满足机体一餐的全部营养需求。果蔬是人体获取维生素、矿物质和膳食纤维的主要来源,与人体健康密切相关,早餐合理摄取一定量的果蔬是身体健康的重要保证。果蔬燕麦食品的开发,能更好地满足人体对营养的需要,为人们提供了更好的早餐选择。本文综述了燕麦的营养保健功能、果蔬燕麦片的开发优势,并对其未来发展趋势进行了阐述,以供果蔬燕麦食品的研究和开发提供参考。     

青稞β-葡聚糖提取工艺研究

该文报道以青稞为原料进行提取β-葡聚糖研究,通过单因素及正交试验得到最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明:在温度为75℃、料水比为1:15、提取时间为2h、pH值为8条件下,对青稞中β-葡聚糖提取效果最佳。     

燕麦高纤食品基料加工技术及生理活性研究

燕麦膳食纤维是一种高级食用纤维,其中以-葡聚糖为主要成分的可溶性膳食纤维占到1/3左右,简述了燕麦高纤食品基料的改性活化加工工艺及其生理活性研究。结果证明,燕麦高纤食品基料具有调节血脂、血糖、改善肠道环境和润肠通便等多种生理活性功能,有益于预防多种现代文明疾病。     

西藏青稞β-葡聚糖提取研究

以西藏青稞为原料,经过粉碎、淀粉水解、碱液提取、乙醇沉淀等工艺提取β-葡聚糖;结果 表明,最佳工艺条件为:60目青稞粉,料水比1:5,加酶量400 U／mL,酶解时间1 h,提取液pH值 8．5,温度80℃,乙醇沉淀时乙醇加量为浓缩液2倍,在此工艺条件下,β-葡聚糖提取率为1．09％, 同时得到18％葡萄糖。     

脂类对反应型香精风味形成影响的研究

根据3种不同原料所含主要脂肪酸及不饱和度的不同,通过反应所生成主要风味物质差异来进一步探讨反应型香精风味形成机理。     

Chemical characterisation and ruminal nutrient degradability of hulled and hull-less oats

The objectives of this study were to determine the chemical and ruminal nutrient degradability characteristics of two hulled (Calibre and AC Mustang) and one hull-less (AC Belmont) oat varieties. Ruminal nutrient degradability characteristics of the oat varieties were determined relative to barley using one ruminally fistulated cow. Neutral (NDF) and acid (ADF) detergent fibre levels were higher (P < 0·05) in hulled than hull-less oats. Hulled AC Mustang had higher (P < 0·05) NDF and ADF content than hulled Calibre. Starch content was higher (P < 0·05) in AC Belmont (590 g kg⁻¹) than Calibre (457 g kg⁻¹) and was higher in Calibre than AC Mustang (415 g kg⁻¹). Crude protein was higher (P < 0·05) in hull-less than hulled oat. Both hulled varieties had similar CP content (average 124 g kg⁻¹). Estimated digestible energy value was highest (P < 0·05) for AC Belmont (16·94 MJ kg⁻¹), intermediate for Calibre (14·18 MJ kg⁻¹) and lowest for AC Mustang (13·34 MJ kg⁻¹). Ruminal dry matter and NDF degradability were higher (P < 0·05) in hull-less than barley and was higher in barley than hulled oats. Ruminal starch degradability exceeded 900 g kg⁻¹ for all tested feeds and had the order AC Belmont = barley > Calibre = AC Mustang. It was concluded that oat varieties used in this study varied considerably in their chemical composition and ruminal degradability. When compared with barley, hulled oats had lower while hull-less oats had higher ruminal degradability. © 1998 SCI.     

弱碱平台下啤酒废酵母加工工艺的研究

研究了啤酒废酵母中核糖核酸（RNA）、β-葡聚糖、蛋白质的综合加工工艺。以干燥啤酒废酵母为原料,采用弱碱工艺加工平台,最佳提取RNA条件为NaOH0.4%、碱料比150∶10、醇料比100∶10;提取β-葡聚糖条件为NaOH3%,碱料比150∶10、碱性蛋白酶600U/g;提取蛋白质条件为：第一次等电点pH值4.5,第二次pH值3.7。结果表明,RNA提取率为5.25%;β-葡聚糖提取率13.8%;蛋白质提取率13.2%。     

质构脂质的研究进展

介绍了质构脂质的结构、生理功能及代谢途径,综述了目前质构脂质生产、纯化技术的研究进展,分析了其发展的制约因素并对其发展前景进行了展望.     

添加胡萝卜、燕麦及葵花籽油替代猪背膘对低脂乳化肠品质的影响

研究了添加胡萝卜、燕麦及用葵花籽油替代部分猪背膘对低脂乳化肠(脂肪添加量7%)质构特性、持水特性、色泽及感官品质的影响。单因素实验结果表明,添加胡萝卜10%、燕麦1%及葵花籽油替代动物脂肪50%可较好的改善低脂乳化肠的品质,乳化肠硬度、咀嚼性及弹性与对照组C(脂肪添加量20%)相比差异不显著(p>0.05),持水特性及色泽也得到明显改善(p<0.05),产品的感官评分与对照组C相比更令人满意。在单因素实验的基础上采用两因素(胡萝卜添加量、植物油替代率)三水平设计,进一步优化配方,结果表明,添加胡萝卜12.5%、燕麦1%及用葵花籽油替代猪背膘45%为最优配方,按照此配方生产出的低脂乳化肠恢复到对照组C的质构特性,产品的弹性及感官品质甚至优于对照组C。     

Short communication: Daily intake of 125 g of cheese for 2 weeks did not alter amount or distribution of serum lipids or desaturase indexes in healthy adults in an exploratory pilot study

Regular cheese contains saturated fat, consumption of which may negatively influence the amount of serum lipids. The American Dietary Guidelines (https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/) recommend consumption of low-fat food. However, we observed a negative association between cheese intake and serum triglycerides and a positive association with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Cheese intake was also inversely related to metabolic syndrome and blunted the harmful association of intake of soft drinks with serum lipids. Cheese contains calcium and factors that may inhibit desaturases, thereby partly explaining why cheese might not have negative effects on serum lipids. Thus, opposing forces seem to govern the cheese effect but will any of these prevail? In an exploratory pilot study, 17 healthy subjects participated in a 4-wk crossover trial without washout. During the first 2 wk, 9 subjects were randomly assigned to add 125 g/d of regular cheese to their habitual diet. After 2 wk, cheese intake was discontinued and the subjects were instructed to return to their habitual diet. The other 8 subjects followed their habitual diet during the first 2 wk, and then added 125 g/d of cheese for the next 2 wk. Mean values (mmol/L) before and after 2 wk on habitual (cheese) diet were as follows: serum triglycerides: 0.91 (0.89) and 0.95 (0.91); total cholesterol: 5.25 (5.16) and 5.08 (5.24); low-density lipoprotein cholesterol: 3.18 (3.17) and 3.09 (3.22); and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: 1.71 (1.64) and 1.61 (1.66). The fatty acid pattern in total serum lipids and desaturase indexes did not change significantly in response to high cheese intake. Thus, an appreciable increase in daily cheese intake for 2 wk may not alter concentrations of serum lipids, estimates of desaturases, or the distribution of serum fatty acids.