多囊卵巢综合征患者发病机制及其治疗研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄期女性内分泌和代谢功能异常导致的一种排卵障碍性疾病。研究表明,胰岛素抵抗、雄激素水平增高、肥胖等在PCOS的发病过程中起重要作用。临床上观察到PCOS患者中肥胖患者的内分泌紊乱可导致其不良妊娠结局,同时,降低患者的体质量指数可改善不良妊娠结局。本文对PCOS的发病机制、PCOS与糖脂代谢异常的关系及其对生殖功能的影响作一综述。     

多囊卵巢综合征患者脂代谢异常的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄妇女常见的内分泌代谢紊乱性疾病,患者临床表现复杂多样,其病理生理改变涉及范围广泛。患者大多存在一定程度的胰岛素抵抗以及高血压和肥胖,且在糖脂代谢方面都有不同程度的异常。各种研究表明,PCOS患者肥胖、胰岛素抵抗以及性激素的改变与患者的脂代谢紊乱之间有着很多联系。研究PCOS患者血脂代谢的异常以及不同亚型间可能存在的脂代谢差异对预防其远期并发症具有积极的临床意义。     

硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白与多囊卵巢综合征代谢紊乱的研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种复杂的生殖内分泌疾病,主要特征为月经稀发或闭经、高雄激素血症、卵巢多囊样改变以及代谢紊乱。其中,胰岛素抵抗在PCOS患者中很常见。高糖通过糖类反应元件增加了血清硫氧还蛋白相互作用蛋白(TXNIP)的表达,导致胰岛素抵抗,从而加强了氧化应激,引起β细胞凋亡。由于PCOS妇女血清TXNIP水平较正常妇女明显偏高,因此通过探究TXNIP与PCOS的相关性,可以为寻找PCOS代谢紊乱治疗靶点提供新的依据与线索。     

多囊卵巢综合征与胰岛素抵抗的临床研究

目的探讨多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者内分泌及代谢特征,为PCOS的正确诊断、合理治疗提供依据。方法1)随机选择PCOS患者50例,选择体检正常的妇女42例作为对照组,对比两组患者空腹及糖负荷后各个时点胰岛素水平。2)根据葡萄糖负荷60min、120min血胰岛素≥160mu/L分为胰岛素抵抗组28例,非胰岛素抵抗组22例。对比两组患者早卵泡期或闭经状态下各项性激素水平。结果PCOS患者血清中胰岛素值明显高于对照组(P<0.05);PCOS患者胰岛素抵抗组睾酮高于PCOS非胰岛素抵抗组,黄体生成素水平低于非胰岛素抵抗组(P<0.05)。结论PCOS患者存在高胰岛素血症,其性激素有不同改变,胰岛素抵抗者以睾酮升高为主,非胰岛素抵抗者以黄体生成素升高为主要变化。     

多囊卵巢综合征病因及治疗新进展

<正>多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄期妇女常见的一种内分泌代谢异常综合性疾病。据国内外文献报道PCOS影响全世界6%~15%的育龄女性~([1]),是导致不孕症的主要原因之一。以月经稀发、排卵障碍、高雄激素水平、胰岛素抵抗(IR)为主要临床症状,PCOS患者出现代谢功能障碍及心血管疾病(CVD)的发病率也增加,包括胰岛素抵抗(IR)及高胰岛素血症~([2])、血脂异常、系统性亚健康炎性反应~([3])、2型糖尿病、动脉性     

成纤维细胞生长因子19(FGF19)与脂代谢的研究进展

 成纤维细胞生长因子19(fibroblast growth factor 19,FGF19)是在回肠末端特异性合成并分泌的细胞因子,属于FGFs的特殊成员之一。近年来自动物及细胞学的研究发现,FGF19不仅在胆汁酸代谢的调节中发挥重要作用,而且与多种心血管疾病危险因素密切相关。流行病学研究显示,2型糖尿病、代谢综合征及肥胖者FGF19水平降低。深入研究FGF19的生物学意义可能为肥胖及血脂紊乱的防治提供新的靶点。本文将介绍FGF19与脂代谢相关性的研究进展。     

多囊卵巢综合征113例临床及代谢特点

目的分析多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)患者的临床特征、胰岛素抵抗(IR)发生情况、糖耐量受损和血脂代谢特征。方法回顾性分析113例PCOS患者临床资料和肝肾功能及血脂代谢情况,采用口服葡萄糖耐量试验(OGTT)、空腹胰岛素和稳态评估法(HOMAIR)评估糖代谢和胰岛素抵抗(IR)。对肥胖和非肥胖组患者各指标的差异性进行统计学分析。结果PCOS常见临床表现依次是月经稀发(86·72%)、高雄激素血症(67·25%)、胰岛素抵抗(56·64%)、超声呈PCO征(54·86%)、LH/FSH比值升高(52·22%)。肥胖和中心型肥胖发生率分别为26·55%和23·89%。糖耐量受损和糖尿病率为15·25%和4·42%。脂代谢异常表现为高密度脂蛋白(HDL)降低(32·74%)及甘油三酯升高(11·5%)。14·16%PCOS诊断代谢综合征(MS)。肥胖和非肥胖组腰臀比、空腹胰岛素、甘油三酯、HDL和尿酸差异有显著性。结论PCOS患者肥胖发生率低于国外报道,但胰岛素抵抗和糖、脂代谢异常发生率较高,应高度重视PCOS患者IR和代谢紊乱所致MS等远期并发症的防治。     

多囊卵巢综合征的遗传学研究进展

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种存在高度遗传异质性的复杂且常见的生殖内分泌代谢疾病,临床表现为月经失调、多毛、痤疮、卵巢多囊样改变等,同时可伴有肥胖、胰岛素抵抗(IR)、血脂紊乱等代谢异常.目前PCOS的病因及影响因素尚未完全阐明,相关遗传学研究十分重要,文章旨在通过基因组学中的候选基因分析及全基因组关联研究(GWAS...     

多囊卵巢综合征与胰岛素抵抗和多种脂肪细胞因子的关系

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是育龄期女性常见的内分泌代谢性疾病,目前认为主要与内分泌功能紊乱、下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴调节功能异常、高胰岛素血症和胰岛素抵抗(IR)、肾上腺内分泌功能异常有关。脂肪组织不仅具有调节能量储存作用,同时还是一个内分泌器官,可分泌各种脂肪细胞因子,如脂联素、瘦素、内脂素、抵抗素、Chemerin等,这些因子通过其表达的增强或减弱不同层面参与机体内分泌代谢过程,包括能量代谢、胰岛素作用及脂类代谢等的调节,并参与肥胖、IR、血压及炎症等疾病的发生。     

多囊卵巢综合征代谢异常的相关机制的论述

多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)是一种女性常见代谢紊乱的生殖内分泌疾病;以雄激素过高的临床或生化表现、持续无排卵、卵巢多囊样改变为特征,常伴有胰岛素抵抗和肥胖;临床表现为月经失调、不孕、多毛、痤疮和脱发,血脂、血糖异常。代谢综合征(MS)是一组以肥胖和内分泌代谢紊乱的严重影响人类健康的临床症候群,主要表现为血糖异常、血脂异常,其中心环节是肥胖和胰岛素抵抗。PCOS与MS有许多共同的内分泌代谢特征,两者关系密切,所以在临床工作中,对患代谢异常的女性,要警惕PCOS的发生,而对患PCOS的女性要预防代谢异常的发生PCOS妇女应在代谢综合征的诊断基础上进行筛查。这对代谢异常和PCOS的早期诊断、采取个性化的治疗方案、定期检查并防止并发症有积极的意义。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.