Adsorption of NH3 onto activated carbon prepared from palm shells impregnated with H2SO4

Adsorption of ammonia (NH3) onto activated carbons prepared from palm shells impregnated with sulfuric acid (H2SO4) was investigated. The effects of activation temperature and acid concentration on pore surface area development were studied. The relatively large micropore surface areas of the palm-shell activated carbons prepared by H2SO4 activation suggest their potential applications in gas adsorption. Adsorption experiments at a fixed temperature showed that the amounts of NH3 adsorbed onto the chemically activated carbons, unlike those prepared by CO2 thermal activation, were not solely dependent on the specific pore surface areas of the adsorbents. Further adsorption tests for a wide range of temperatures suggested combined physisorption and chemisorption of NH3. Desorption tests at the same temperature as adsorption and at an elevated temperature were carried out to confirm the occurrence of chemisorption due to the interaction between NH3 and some oxygen functional groups via hydrogen bonding. The surface functional groups on the adsorbent surface were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The amounts of NH3 adsorbed by chemisorption were correlated with the contents of elemental oxygen present in the adsorbents. Mechanisms for chemical activation and adsorption processes are proposed based on the observed phenomena.     

Pd/Hβ-zeolite catalysts for catalytic combustion of toluene: Effect of SiO2/Al2O3 ratio

The effect of pure and high silica Hβ zeolites on the catalytic performance of toluene combustion over Pd/H/3 catalyst was evaluated.Pure and high silica β zeolites were prepared by direct synthesis procedures,then 0.1 wt% of palladium was impregnated on different Hβ zeolites via incipient wetness technique using palladium nitrate as the Pd source.The Pd/Hβ catalysts were characterized by XRD,N2 adsorption/desorption,H2O adsorption,NH3-TPD,H2-TPR and XPS techniques.With increasing the SIO2/Al2O3 ratio of β zeolite,the activity of the Pd/Hβ catalysts for toluene combustion increased clearly and the pure silica β zeolite supported Pd catalyst showed the best catalytic activity.The superior catalytic performance of Pd/β catalyst prepared from pure silica β zeolite was attributed to its high hydrophobicity and the preserving ability for PdO active species.     

Influence of mesoporosity on the sorption of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid onto alumina and silica

Two SiO2 and three Al2O3 adsorbents with varying degrees of mesoporosity (pore diameter 2-50 nm) were reacted with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) at pH 6 to investigate the effects of intraparticle mesopores on adsorption/desorption. Anionic 2,4-D did not adsorb onto either SiO2 solid, presumably because of electrostatic repulsion, but it did adsorb onto positively charged Al2O3 adsorbents, resulting in concave isotherms. The Al2O3 adsorbent of highest mesoporosity consistently adsorbed more 2,4-D per unit surface area than did the nonporous and less mesoporous Al2O3 adsorbents over a range of initial 2,4-D solution concentrations (0.025-2.5 mM) and reaction times (30 min-55 d). Differences in adsorption efficiency were observed despite equivalent surface site densities on the three Al2O3 adsorbents. Hysteresis between the adsorption/desorption isotherms was not observed, indicating that adsorption is reversible. Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy studies confirm that 2,4-D adsorption does not occur via ligand exchange, but rather via electrostatic interaction. The results indicate that adsorbent intraparticle mesopores can result in consistently greater 2,4-D adsorption, but the amount adsorbed is dependent upon surface charge and the presence of adsorbent mesoporosity. The data also suggest that when mineral pores are significantly larger than the adsorbate, they do not contribute to diffusion-limited adsorption/desorption hysteresis. Adsorbent transformations through time are discussed.     

Efficient adsorbents of nanoporous aluminosilicate monoliths for organic dyes from aqueous solution

Growing public awareness on the potential risk to humans of toxic chemicals in the environment has generated demand for new and improved methods for toxicity assessment and removal, rational means for health risk estimation. With the aim of controlling nanoscale adsorbents for functionality in molecular sieving of organic pollutants, we fabricated cubic Im3m mesocages with uniform entrance and large cavity pores of aluminosilicates as highly promising candidates for the colorimetric monitoring of organic dyes in an aqueous solution. However, a feasible control over engineering of three-dimensional (3D) mesopore cage structures with uniform entrance (~5 nm) and large cavity (~10 nm) allowed the development of nanoadsorbent membranes as a powerful tool for large-quantity and high-speed (in minutes) adsorption/removal of bulk molecules such as organic dyes. Incorporation of high aluminum contents (Si/Al=1) into 3D cubic Im3m cage mesoporous silica monoliths resulted in small, easy-to-use optical adsorbent strips. In such adsorption systems, natural surfaces of active acid sites of aluminosilicate strips strongly induced both physical adsorption of chemically responsive dyes and intraparticle diffusion into cubic Im3m mesocage monoliths. Results likewise indicated that although aluminosilicate strips with low Si/Al ratios exhibit distortion in pore ordering and decrease in surface area and pore volume, enhancement of both molecular converges and intraparticle diffusion onto the network surfaces and into the pore architectures of adsorbent membranes was achieved. Moreover, 3D mesopore cage adsorbents are reversible, offering potential for multiple adsorption assays.     

Effect of impurities on the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectra of insulin.

The effect of impurity (sodium sulfate Na2SO4; copper sulfate CuSO4; potassium ferrocyanide K4Fe(CN)6; and triammonium citrate (NH4)3C6H5O7) concentration on the positive matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) spectra of insulin is described. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid was used as a desorption matrix. The estimated maximum concentrations of tested salts for which no insulin signal was observed were determined.     

CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂在氨选择性催化还原氮氧化物反应中的性能(英文)

氮氧化物(NO_x)是主要的大气污染物之一.氨气选择性催化还原法(NH_3-SCR)是目前去除固定源排放的氮氧化物的最有效方法,被广泛用于燃煤或者生物质的火电厂中.催化剂是NH_3-SCR法的核心,其中V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂是主要的商业SCR催化剂;但是V_2O_5有毒,对环境的影响很大;另外,该催化剂具有较高的SO_2氧化性能.因而研究者一直在探索新型的SCR催化剂.SO_2是燃煤电厂烟气中的典型气体之一,所以抗硫性能是催化剂的一个重要指标.在SCR反应条件下,SO_2和O_2容易与氧化物催化剂发生反应生成稳定性较高的硫酸盐,覆盖在催化剂表面从而引起催化剂失活.但已有研究发现,硫化会提高K中毒后的V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂的活性.并且,短时间的硫化可以明显提高CuO/Al_2O_3的NH_3-SCR活性.硫酸盐催化剂或许具有较低毒性和较高抗硫性能,应该是一种有前景的SCR催化剂.本文以商业纳米TiO_2为载体,采用湿式浸渍法制备了一系列的CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂.在自制的活性评价装置上测试了样品的NH_3-SCR活性并且在340℃下连续24 h测试了SO_2、水蒸气及两者共同作用对催化剂活性的影响.使用N_2等温吸附-脱附、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、H_2程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和NH_3程序升温脱附(NH_3-TPD)对催化剂进行了表征.另外,采用原位红外漫反射光谱研究了CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂上的NH_3-SCR反应过程.N_2等温吸附-脱附结果表明,负载的CuSO_4没有明显改变载体的孔结构.而XRD结果仅显示锐钛矿TiO_2的衍射峰,说明CuSO_4在载体上有较好的分散度或者CuSO_4的含量低于检测限.XPS结果显示,催化剂中的铜主要以Cu~(2+)形式存在,硫主要以SO_4~(2-)形式存在,而氧主要以晶格氧和吸附氧两种形式存在,并且CuSO_4的存在会增加催化剂中吸附氧的含量.H_2-TPR结果表明,随着CuSO_4含量的增加,催化剂的氧化还原能力逐渐增强.NH_3-TPD结果表明,催化剂表面的酸性位数目随着样品中CuSO_4含量的增加而增加.纯TiO_2的NH_3-SCR活性很差,当温度从300℃增加到450℃时,最高NO_x转化率仅为32.7%.但当CuSO_4负载到TiO_2上以后,催化剂活性明显提高.在反应温度高于340℃时,CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂的NO_x转化率在94%以上,与商业V_2O_5-WO_3/TiO_2催化剂相当,并且其N_2O生成量低于商业催化剂.不过,当温度低于340℃时,CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂的NO_x转化率明显低于商业催化剂,说明CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂的活性仍有待改善.连续24 h测试了SO_2、水蒸汽及两者的共同作用对CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂活性的影响.结果显示,单独的水蒸气会导致活性轻微下降,但SO_2以及两者共同存在时对催化剂的活性基本没有影响.CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂的NH_3吸附红外光谱表明,催化剂上存在Lewis和Bronsted两种酸性位,但Bronsted酸性位上的NH_4~+稳定性较差,280℃时即基本消失.在高温时,NH_3主要吸附在Lewis酸性位上且CuSO_4/TiO_2催化剂对NO_x的吸附能力较差,红外光谱未检测到NO_x的吸附峰.380℃下,当NO和O_2通入预吸附NH_3的催化剂样品时,属于Lewis酸性位上NH_3的红外峰明显下降,说明Lewis酸性位上吸附的NH_3参与了反应.CuSO_4/TiO_2显示出高的抗硫抗水性能和比较好的NH_3-SCR活性,应该是一种有应用前景的SCR催化剂.CuSO_4可以增加催化剂的酸性位数目和吸附氧量.根据原位红外漫反射结果,CuSO_4/TiO_2上的SCR反应遵循Eley-Rideal机理.气相的NO与吸附在Lewis酸性位上的NH_3反应生成N_2和H_2O或许是主要的反应途径,并且吸附氧可能会促进这个过程.     

Application of 1H NMR spectroscopy method for determination of characteristics of thin layers of water adsorbed on the surface of dispersed and porous adsorbents

The paper presents 1H NMR spectroscopy as a perspective method of the studies of the characteristics of water boundary layers in the hydrated powders and aqueous dispergated suspensions of the adsorbents. The method involves measurements of temperature dependence proton signals intensity in the adsorbed water at temperatures lower than 273 K. Free energy of water molecules at the adsorbent/water interface is diminished due to the adsorption interactions causing the water dosed to the adsorbent surface freezes at T < 273 K. Thickness of a non-freezing layer of water can be determined from the intensity of the water signal of 1H NMR during the freezing-thawing process. Due to a disturbing action of the adsorbent surface, water occurs in the quasi-liquid state. As a result, it is observed in the 1H NMR spectra as a relatively narrow signal. The signal of ice is not registered due to great differences in the transverse relaxation times of the adsorbed water and ice. The method of measuring the free surface energy of the adsorbents from the temperature dependence of the signal intensity of non-freezing water is based on the fact that the temperature of water freezing decreases by the quantity which depends on the surface energy and the distance of the adsorbed molecules from the solid surface. The water at the interface freezes when the free energies of the adsorbed water and ice are equal. To illustrate the applicability of the method under consideration the series of adsorption systems in which the absorbents used differed in the surface chemistry and porous structure. In particular, the behaviour of water on the surface of the following adsorbents is discussed: non-porous and porous silica (aerosils, silica gels); chemically and physically modified non-porous and porous silica (silanization, carbonization, biopolymer deposition); and pyrogeneous Al2O3 and aluminasilicas. The effect of preliminary treatment of the adsorbent (thermal, high pressure, wetting with polar and non-polar solvents) on the characteristics of the structurized water layers was discussed. The influence of the adsorbent porous structure on the free energy of the adsorbed water was also studied. The discussion of the obtained results was made.     

Effect of pore size on the performance of composite adsorbent

Three kinds of commercial silica gels with pore size of 2–3, 4–7 and 8–10 nm respectively are used for preparing composite adsorbents by soaking them into the aqueous solution of calcium chloride. The test result indicates that both the water uptake and adsorption rate of composite adsorbents prepared from 4–7 and 8–10 nm silica gels improve greatly compared to pure silica gels, but they do not for 2–3 nm silica gels. The silica gel with pore size of 2–3 nm is not suitable for preparing the composite adsorbent by impregnation method due to the pore blockage because of the small pore size. The SCP and COP of the adsorption chiller with sample SA50 are 128.3 Wkg^?1 and 0.27 respectively at the hot source temperature of 90 °C, which are largely superior to that of SA0. Hence using the composite adsorbent instead of the pure silica gel can reduce the size of the adsorption chiller.     

金属络阴离子在笼形聚氨肟树脂上的吸附行为

研究了Ce（NO3）_6~3-、VO_3~-、Cr2O_7~2-、CrO_4~2-、MoO_4~2-、WO_4~2-、MnO_4~-、Fe（CN）_6~2-、Fe（CN）_6~3-、和PtCl_6~2-等金属络阴离子在笼形聚氨肟树脂（CAO）上的吸附行为。发现Ce（NO3）-6~2-离子在强酸性介质中不被CAO树脂吸附但被还原为Ce3+。其它金属络阴离子被酸处理笼形聚氨肟树脂（ACAO）所吸附，吸附容量顺序是：MnO_4~-＞Fe（CN）_6~2-＞Cr2O_7~2-＞MoO_4~2-＞PtCl_6~2-＞CrO_4~2-＞VO_3~-＞Fe（CN）_6~3-＞WO_4~2-减处理笼形聚氨肟树脂（BCAO）不吸附CrO_4~2-离子，但可吸附Cr2O_7~2-、MnO_4~2-和PtCl_6~-等离子。吸附容量顺序：MnO_4~-＞Cr2O_7~2-＞PtCl_6~2-根据吸附动力学研究结果，认为ACAO树脂通过离聚体的离子场对外来给阴离子进行多层吸附，但金属络阴离子在BCAO树脂大分子场力作用下在树脂表面形成单吸附层。     

Synthesis of new copper cyanide complexes via the transformation of organonitrile to inorganic cyanide

Hydrothermal reaction of diaminomaleonitrile and copper salts under different conditions resulted in copper cyanide coordination polymers {[Cu(H 2O)(NH 3) 4][Cu 3(CN) 5].H 2O} n ( 1), {(CH 3) 4N[Cu(H 2O)(NH 3) 4][Cu 4(CN) 7]} n ( 2), and {(CH 3OH 2) 2[Cu 2(CN) 3]} n ( 3). 1 and 2 are new mixed-valence Cu(I,II), two 3D organic-inorganic molecular framework complexes that exhibit ionic inclusion. 3 is an open copper cyanide framework hosting a guest molecule. Cyanides in 1, 2, and 3 are produced by in situ C-C bond cleavage of diaminomaleonitrile, and then the remaining product is oxidized to form an oxalate group. The potential porosity of the hydrated coordination polymer 3 was estimated using a computational method based on Connolly's algorithm.     

Use of X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) to identify physisorption and chemisorption of phosphate onto ferrihydrite-modified diatomite

This paper presents a novel technique integrating bulk-sensitive and surface-sensitive XANES methods to distinguish between physisorption and chemisorption for phosphate adsorption onto ferrihydrite-modified diatomite (FHMD). XANES P K-edge, L-edge, and Fe M-edge spectra were obtained for reference samples (K(2)HPO(4) and FePO(4)·2H(2)O) and test samples (phosphate adsorbed onto FHMD (FHMD-Ps) and Si-containing ferrihydrite (FHYD-Ps)). A resolvable pre-edge peak in the P K-edge spectra of FHMD-Ps and FHYD-Ps provided direct evidence for the formation of P-O-Fe(III) coordination and the occurrence of chemisorption. The resemblance between the P L-edge spectra of K(2)HPO(4) and FHMD-Ps and the marked difference between the spectra of FHMD-Ps and FePO(4)·2H(2)O indicated the intact existence of the adsorbate and the adsorbent. The similarity between Fe M-edge spectra of FHMD and FHMD-Ps and the difference between the spectra of FHMD-Ps and FePO(4)·2H(2)O confirmed the findings from P L-edge analyses. Therefore, chemisorption and physisorption coexisted during phosphate adsorption onto FHMD. Phosphate chemisorption occurred in the deeper zone of FHMD (from 50 nm to 5 μm); whereas physisorption occurred in the zone of FHMD shallower than 50 nm since the probing depth of XANES P K-edge method is 5 μm and that of P L-edge and Fe M-edge methods is 50 nm.     

An investigation of gold adsorption from a binary mixture with selective mesoporous silica adsorbents

Gold-selective adsorbents were prepared from mesoporous MCM-41 silica by grafting organic amine groups (i.e., RNH2, R2NH, and R3N; R=propyl). NH2-MCM-41, NRH-MCM-41, and NR2-MCM-41 displayed strong affinity for gold and at 1 mmol/g loading adsorbed 0.40, 0.33, and 0.20 mmol/g of gold. Copper and nickel were not adsorbed on these adsorbents. Grafting surface chemical moieties introduces heterogeneity on an otherwise uniform MCM-41 pore surface and metal adsorption is best described by the Freundlich adsorption model. A series of binary adsorption equilibrium studies with NH2-MCM-41 containing 2.2 mmol RNH2/g shows that NH2-MCM-41 adsorbs only gold from solutions containing copper and nickel with an adsorption capacity of 0.6 mol of Au/mol of RNH2 (1.1 mmol of Au/g of NH2-MCM-41). Copper and nickel were not adsorbed by NH2-MCM-41 regardless of the solution concentration, composition, and pH (i.e., 2 to 4) in the presence of gold. The LeVan and Vermeulen adsorption model based on a single component Freundlich isotherm and corrected for the anion effect accurately predicted the binary adsorptions. The adsorbed gold was completely recovered by a simple acid wash and the recovered gold solution is 99% pure. The regenerated NH2-MCM-41 remained 100% selective for gold removal and exhibited the same adsorption capacity even after several uses.     

Efficient Removal of Pb(II) from Aqueous Medium Using Chemically Modified Silica Monolith

The adsorptive removal of lead (II) from aqueous medium was carried out by chemically modified silica monolith particles. Porous silica monolith particles were prepared by the sol-gel method and their surface modification was carried out using trimethoxy silyl propyl urea (TSPU) to prepare inorganic–organic hybrid adsorbent. The resultant adsorbent was evaluated for the removal of lead (Pb) from aqueous medium. The effect of pH, adsorbent dose, metal ion concentration and adsorption time was determined. It was found that the optimum conditions for adsorption of lead (Pb) were pH 5, adsorbent dose of 0.4 g/L, Pb(II) ions concentration of 500 mg/L and adsorption time of 1 h. The adsorbent chemically modified SM was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET/BJH and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The percent adsorption of Pb(II) onto chemically modified silica monolith particles was 98%. An isotherm study showed that the adsorption data of Pb(II) onto chemically modified SM was fully fitted with the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. It was found from kinetic study that the adsorption of Pb(II) followed a pseudo second-order model. Moreover, thermodynamic study suggests that the adsorption of Pb(II) is spontaneous and exothermic. The adsorption capacity of chemically modified SM for Pb(II) ions was 792 mg/g which is quite high as compared to the traditional adsorbents. The adsorbent chemically modified SM was regenerated, used again three times for the adsorption of Pb(II) ions and it was found that the adsorption capacity of the regenerated adsorbent was only dropped by 7%. Due to high adsorption capacity chemically modified silica monolith particles could be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater.     

A surface adsorption/reaction mechanism for gold oxidation by copper(II) in ammoniacal thiosulfate solutions

Literature data for gold dissolution in ammoniacal copper(II) thiosulfate solutions is reinterpreted on the basis of adsorption and mixed potential theory. The dissolution reaction appears to take place via the adsorption of copper(II)-ammonia-thiosulfate onto the gold surface, forming the adsorbed species perpendicular to Au(S2O3)nCu(NH3)-(2n-2)p. Equilibrium constants for the formation of these species from Cu(NH3)(2+)m are in the range Kads=172-510 (molar units) for m=4, n=1 or 2, and p=2 or 3. These complexes decompose with a rate constant of kAu=1.7 x 10(-4)molm(-2)s(-1), to produce Au(S2O3)(3-)2 and Cu(NH3)+(3) or Cu(NH3)+(2), where the copper(I) complexes in solution are re-equilibrated to the more stable species Cu(S2O3)3-(2) and Cu(S2O2)5-(3).     

A new route of oxygen isotope exchange in the solid phase: demonstration in CuSO4.5H2O

Temperature-programmed desorption mass spectrometry (TPD-MS) measurements on [(18)O]water-enriched copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO(4).5H(2)(18)O) reveal an unambiguous occurrence of efficient oxygen isotope exchange between the water of crystallization and the sulfate in its CuSO(4) solid phase. To the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of such an exchange was never observed in a solid phase. The exchange process was observed during the stepwise dehydration (50-300 degrees C) of the compound. Specifically, the exchange promptly occurs somewhere between 160 and 250 degrees C; however, the exact temperature could not be resolved conclusively. It is shown that only the fifth, sulfate-associated, anionic H(2)O molecule participates in the exchange process and that the exchange seems to occur in a preferable fashion with, at the most, one oxygen atom in SO(4). Such an exchange, occurring below 250 degrees C, questions the common conviction of unfeasible oxygen exchange under geothermic conditions. This new oxygen exchange phenomenon is not exclusive to copper sulfate but is unambiguously observed also in other sulfate- and nitrate-containing minerals.     

Diethylenetriamine-grafted poly(glycidyl methacrylate) adsorbent for effective copper ion adsorption

Amine-functionalized adsorbents have attracted increasing interest in recent years for heavy metal removal. In this study, diethylenetriamine (DETA) was successfully grafted (through a relatively simple solution reaction) onto poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) microgranules to obtain an adsorbent (PGMA-DETA) with a very high content of amine groups and the PGMA-DETA adsorbent was examined for copper ion removal in a series of batch adsorption experiments. It was found that the PGMA-DETA adsorbent achieved excellent adsorption performance in copper ion removal and the adsorption was most effective at pH>3 in the pH range of 1-5 examined. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) revealed that there were different types of amine sites on the surfaces of the PGMA-DETA adsorbent but copper ion adsorption was mainly through forming surface complexes with the neutral amine groups on the adsorbent, resulting in better adsorption performance at a higher solution pH value. The adsorption isotherm data best obeyed the Langmuir-Freundlich model and the adsorption capacity reached 1.5 mmol/g in the case of pH 5 studied. The adsorption process was fast (with adsorption equilibrium time less than 1-4 h) and closely followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Desorption of copper ions from the PGMA-DETA adsorbent was most effectively achieved in a 0.1 M dilute nitric acid solution, with 80% of the desorption being completed within the first 1 min. Consecutive adsorption-desorption experiments showed that the PGMA-DETA adsorbent can be reused almost without any loss in the adsorption capacity.     

异丁烷中丁烯等的脱除研究(英文)

对选择分子筛和硅胶作为吸附剂脱除异丁烷中少量丁烯作了一定的探索研究。当硅胶作为吸附剂时,在三种不同工艺流程下,研究了丁烯的净化深度和异丁烷回收率,异丁烷（９７％,ｖ／ｖ）中丁烯从１．８％脱除到０．０６～０．７％之间,丙烷和丙烯不能被有效脱除。当分子筛作为吸附剂时,净化深度高,能将异丁烷中的Ｃ３Ｈ８（０．５％）、Ｃ３Ｈ６（０．５％）和Ｃ４Ｈ８（１．８％）组分脱除到０．１％左右。净化的关键在于吸附剂的再生。     

Study of copper adsorption on montmorillonites using thermal analysis methods

Copper was adsorbed onto Ca-exchanged montmorillonite (Cheto clay) under basic conditions. Differential thermogravimetric analysis (DTGA) combined with evolved gas mass spectroscopy (MS) was employed as the principal technology to study the distribution and structure of adsorbed copper species on the montmorillonite clay. The results showed that the original clay was easily rehydrated. After copper adsorption, a step-by-step replacement of hydrated calcium ions by copper-ammonia complex was observed through the gradual decrease of the first DTGA dehydration peak intensity with increasing copper loading. Compared with the original clay, copper loaded samples showed new DTGA peaks assigned to NH(3) and N(2)O. The presence of the N(2)O peak suggested that the loaded copper species were in agglomerated copper oxide form, which dispersed well over the edges and external surfaces of the clay layers.     

Efficient removal of boron acid by N-methyl-D-glucamine functionalized silica-polyallylamine composites and its adsorption mechanism

A novel boron adsorbent was fabricated by grafting a boric acid chelating group, i.e., N-methyl-D-glucamine, onto the hydrophilic silica-polyallylamine composites (SPC). The boron adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and TGA method. The adsorption experiment indicated a maximum boron load capacity of ca. 1.55 mmol g(-1). The high load capacity was attributed to specific chemical affinity and physical adsorption. Highly effective removal of boric acid from aqueous solution was observed for the adsorbent even in the synthetic seawater containing high concentration of foreign ions. Analysis of adsorption thermodynamic and kinetics revealed a spontaneous sorption process that is driven by enthalpy change and limited by chemical reaction. The exhausted adsorbent was regenerated for repeated use by treating with 3% HCl solution, followed by neutralizing with 3% NH(3)·H(2)O at ambient temperature. Only 7% capacity loss was observed after five continuous adsorption-regeneration cycles.     

Effect of chemical modification on carbon dioxide adsorption property of mesoporous silica

Three adsorbents were prepared by different modification methods, which were grafting silica gel with (3-aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane, grafting silica gel with acrylamide polymer, and impregnating silica gel with acrylamide polymer, respectively. The characterization of materials was carried out by N(2) adsorption experiments, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and elemental analyses. The results showed that the amine group was successfully loaded on all three modified adsorbents; among that, the polymer-modified silica adsorbents had higher amine content and larger surface area than the aminopropyl-grafted silica adsorbent and displayed higher thermal stability than the other polymer-modified silica materials previously reported. The CO(2) adsorption/desorption experiments performed at 25°C by TGA-DSC method showed that the highest CO(2) adsorption capacity (0.98 mmol/g) was observed for the polymer-impregnated silica adsorbent. CO(2) adsorbed on all samples was completely desorbed by purging with inert gas at 60°C except for the aminopropyl-grafted silica material, which showed the highest enthalpy of CO(2) adsorption.