基于带权核范数最小化和混合高斯模型的去噪模型

非局部自相似性（NSS）先验在图像恢复中发挥重要作用,如何充分利用这一先验提高图像恢复性能仍值得深入研究,提出一种基于带权核范数最小化和混合高斯模型的去噪模型。首先,采用混合高斯模型（GMM）对无噪声的自然图像非局部自相似图像块进行训练,再用训练好的混合高斯模型指导退化的图像产生非局部自相似图像块组;然后,结合带权的核范数最小化技术实现图像的去噪,并对模型的保真项进行一般性扩展,给出收敛的求解算法。仿真实验表明,所提方法与基于3D滤波的块匹配（BM3D）算法、同时稀疏编码学习（LSSC）算法和带权的核范数最小化（WNNM）模型相比,峰值信噪比（PSNR）提高0.11~0.49 dB。     

结合加权核范数与全变分的图像二级去噪

为提升图像去噪后的视觉感受,提出一种加权核范数最小化（WNNM）结合全变分（TV）的二级图像降噪方法。首先对含噪图像进行TV基础去噪,其次用噪声图像与基础去噪结果图做差分运算,并对差分后的结果自适应维纳滤波,然后将滤波后图像与基础TV降噪图像叠加,利用块匹配做相似补丁收集,最后运用加权核范数最小化进行二次去噪,得到最终降噪图像。通过与原WNNM、三维块匹配去噪（BM3D）、漏斗自相似非局部去噪（FNLM）方法对比,该方法不仅对平滑区域有较优的降噪效果,同时处理了漏斗自相似非局部去噪与BM3D在高噪声情况下带来花斑与假条纹状况,并且使结构纹理信息最大化相似。     

改进的自适应权值核范数最小化去噪算法

为解决传统权值核范数最小化(WNNM)算法在最优参数选取过程中过度依赖经验值的问题,提出一种改进的自适应参数选取WNNM算法,其最大特点是在WNNM算法基础上增加了噪声评估模型。通过提取均值减损对比归一化系数和邻域系数的分布特征参数构成图像特征矢量,与其对应的噪声浓度共同组成样本集;利用支持向量回归对样本集进行训练得到噪声评估模型,快速有效地为算法提供最优参数。实验结果表明,相比传统WNNM算法,该算法在进行图像去噪时,效率更高,效果更好,具有良好的鲁棒性和泛化性。     

加权核范数降噪算法在扩散加权图像中的应用

目的 扩散加权成像技术是一种能够检测活体组织内水分子扩散运动的无创方法,其对数据的准确度要求较高且对噪声较为敏感。扩散加权图像的自相似性程度高,纹理细节较多且纹理和结构具有重复出现的特性。而获取图像的过程中受到不可避免的噪声干扰会破坏图像的数据准确度,因此对扩散加权图像进行降噪是十分必要的。方法 根据扩散加权图像的特点,提出将加权核范数降噪算法应用于扩散加权图像的降噪。加权核范数降噪算法由于能够利用图像的自相似性,通过对图像中的相似块进行处理从而实现对图像的降噪,该算法能够保存图像中大量的纹理细节信息。结果 通过模拟数据实验和真实数据实验,将加权核范数降噪算法与传统的扩散加权图像降噪算法如各向异性算法进行比较,结果表明,加权核范数降噪算法相较于其他算法得到的峰值信噪比至少高出20 dB,结构相似性值也至少高出其他算法0.20.5,再将降噪后的图像进行神经纤维跟踪处理,得到的神经纤维平均长度较其他算法至少要长0.20.8且纤维更为平滑。结论 加权核范数降噪算法不仅能够更好地减少扩散加权图像中的噪声,同时也能够最大限度地保存扩散加权图像的纹理细节,降噪效果理想,提高了数据的准确度及有效性。     

Image denoising by anisotropic diffusion with inter-scale information fusion

Anisotropic partial differential equations (PDEs) based schemes for denoising digital images are fast becoming an indispensable tool in computer vision problems. In this paper we propose to denoise noisy images via such multiscale anisotropic diffusion. In general, digital images contain objects of multiple scales and denoising them without destroying edges is one of the main objective in early computer vision problems. Unlike the previous approaches, which discard the multiple scale based images produced by anisotropic PDE, we utilize information contained in them. By effectively combining the inter-scale details, the proposed scheme improves upon the noise removal and detail preservation properties over other schemes. Numerical results indicate that the scheme achieves good denoising with edge preservation on a variety of images.     

Joint weighted nuclear norm and total variation regularization for hyperspectral image denoising

A hyperspectral image is typically corrupted by multiple types of noise including Gaussian noise and impulse noise. On the other hand, a hyperspectral image possesses a high correlation in its spectral dimensions, and its Casorati matrix has a very low rank. Inspired by the recent development of robust principal component analysis, which can be used to remove sparse and arbitrarily large noise from a low-rank matrix, we propose a joint weighted nuclear norm and total variation regularization method to denoise a hyperspectral image data. First, weighted nuclear norm regularization is constructed for sparse noise removal. Total variation regularization is then imposed on each band of the hyperspectral image to further remove the Gaussian noise. A concrete optimization algorithm is developed to implement the two-stage regularization. The combined approach is expected to effectively denoise hyperspectral images even with varying data structures and under varying imaging conditions. Extensive experiments on both simulated and real data sets validate the performance of our proposed method.     

Robust weighted state fusion Kalman estimators for networked systems with mixed uncertainties

This paper is concerned with robust weighted state fusion estimation problem for a class of time-varying multisensor networked systems with mixed uncertainties including uncertain-variance multiplicative and linearly correlated additive white noises, and packet dropouts. By augmented state method and fictitious noise technique, the original system is converted into one with only uncertain noise variances. According to the minimax robust estimation principle, based on the worst-case system with the conservative upper bounds of uncertain noise variances, four weighted state fusion robust Kalman estimators (filter, predictor and smoother) are presented in a unified form that the robust filter and smoother are designed based on the robust Kalman predictor. Their robustness is proved by the Lyapunov equation approach in the sense that their actual estimation error variances are guaranteed to have the corresponding minimal upper bounds for all admissible uncertainties. Their accuracy relations are proved. The corresponding robust local and fused steady-state Kalman estimators are also presented, and the convergence in a realization between the time-varying and steady-state robust Kalman estimators is proved by the dynamic error system analysis (DESA) method. Finally, a simulation example applied to uninterruptible power system (UPS) shows the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed results.     

联合矩阵F范数的低秩图像去噪

摘 要：目的：低秩矩阵恢复是通过最小化矩阵核范数来获得低秩解,然而待恢复低秩矩阵相关性低的要求往往会导致求解不稳定的情况。方法：针对该问题,研究一种基于变量分裂的低秩图像恢复去噪算法,引入待恢复矩阵的Frobenius范数作为新正则项,与原有低秩矩阵的核范数组成联合正则化项,对问题进行凸松弛后,采用变量分裂的增广拉格朗日乘子法求解。结果：为考察方法的稳定性和去噪能力,选取了不同参数类型的加噪图像进行仿真,并结合恢复时间、信噪比、差错率等评价标准与现有低秩矩阵恢复算法进行对比。结论：实验结果表明增加Frobenius范数的低秩矩阵恢复模型在保持原有低秩稀疏恢复的前提下,具有良好的去噪性能,对相关性强的低秩图像恢复结果稳定性好,获得了更高的信噪比。     

带不确定方差乘性和加性噪声系统鲁棒加权 融合稳态Kalman估值器

本文研究带不确定方差乘性和加性噪声和带状态相依及噪声相依乘性噪声的多传感器系统鲁棒加权融合估计问题.通过引入虚拟噪声补偿乘性噪声的不确定性,将原系统化为带确定参数和不确定加性噪声方差的系统,进而利用Lyapunov方程方法提出在统一框架下的按对角阵加权融合极大极小鲁棒稳态Kalman估值器(预报器、滤波器和平滑器),其中基于预报器设计滤波器和平滑器,并给出每个融合器的实际估值误差方差的最小上界.证明了融合器的鲁棒精度高于每个局部估值器的鲁棒精度.应用于不间断电源(uninterruptible power system,UPS)系统鲁棒融合滤波的仿真例子说明了所提结果的正确性和有效性.     

图像差与加权核范数最小化的压缩图像融合

现有的图像融合算法存在非线性操作产生的噪声干扰和空间复杂度高等问题,使得融合图像易失真和丢失信息。一些学者提出的压缩感知图像融合算法能有效改善这一问题,但大多忽略了图像矩阵的低秩性,往往会降低融合质量。由此,将压缩感知融合技术与低秩矩阵逼近方法相结合,提出基于信息论图像差与自适应加权核范数最小化的图像融合算法。该算法由3个阶段组成。首先,将2幅源图像通过小波稀疏基稀疏化,并利用结构随机矩阵压缩采样,得到测量输出矩阵。然后,将测量输出矩阵进行分块,再利用图像差融合算法得到融合后的测量输出矩阵块。最后,利用自适应加权核范数最小化优化得到的块权重,通过正交匹配追踪法重建融合图像。实验结果表明了该算法的有效性和普适性,并且在多种评价指标上优于其他融合算法。     

基于多小波变换的图像去噪技术

多小波变换同时拥有正则性、正交性、紧支性、对称性等单小波不能同时满足的优点,近年来在图像处理领域受到了广泛关注。利用多小波变换后系数之间存在的大量的相关性的特点,提出了一种新的小波阈值方法。通过仿真实验,证明了该方法能有效地去除噪声。     

Image denoising with complex ridgelets

In this paper, we propose a novel image denoising method by incorporating the dual-tree complex wavelets into the ordinary ridgelet transform. The approximate shift invariant property of the dual-tree complex wavelet and the high directional sensitivity of the ridgelet transform make the new method a very good choice for image denoising. We apply the digital complex ridgelet transform to denoise some standard images corrupted with additive white noise. Experimental results show that the new method outperforms VisuShrink, the ordinary ridgelet image denoising, and wiener2 filter both in terms of peak signal-to-noise ratio and in visual quality. In particular, our method preserves sharp edges better while removing white noise. Complex ridgelets could be applied to curvelet image denoising as well.     

Robust centralized and weighted measurement fusion Kalman estimators for uncertain multisensor systems with linearly correlated white noises

This paper addresses the design of robust centralized fusion (CF) and weighted measurement fusion (WMF) Kalman estimators for a class of uncertain multisensor systems with linearly correlated white noises. The uncertainties of the systems include multiplicative noises, missing measurements, and uncertain noise variances. By introducing the fictitious noises, the considered system is converted into one with only uncertain noise variances. According to the minimax robust estimation principle, based on the worst-case system with the conservative upper bounds of uncertain noise variances, the robust CF and WMF time-varying Kalman estimators (predictor, filter, and smoother) are presented in a unified framework. Applying the Lyapunov equation approach, their robustness is proved in the sense that their actual estimation error variances are guaranteed to have the corresponding minimal upper bounds for all admissible uncertainties. Using the information filter, their equivalence is proved. Their accuracy relations are proved. The computational complexities of their algorithms are analyzed and compared. Compared with CF algorithm, the WMF algorithm can significantly reduce the computational burden when the number of sensors is larger. A robust weighted least squares (WLS) measurement fusion filter is also presented only based on the measurement equation, and it is proved that the robust accuracy of the robust CF or WMF Kalman filter is higher than that of robust WLS filter. The corresponding robust fused steady-state estimators are also presented, and the convergence in a realization between the time-varying and steady-state robust fused estimators is proved by the dynamic error system analysis (DESA) method. A simulation example shows the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed results.     

Selecting the best simulated system with weighted control-variate estimators

Ranking and selection (R&S) procedures have been considered an effective tool to solve simulation optimization problems with a discrete and finite decision space. Control variate (CV) is a variance reduction technique that requires no intervention in the way the simulation experiment is performed, and the least-squares regression package needed to implement CV is readily available. In this paper we propose two provably valid selection procedures that employ weighted CV estimators in different ways. Both procedures are guaranteed to select the best system with a prespecified confidence level. Empirical results and simple analyses are performed to compare the efficiency of our new procedures with some existing procedures.     

改进的NeighLevel图像去噪方法

针对复小波变换在图像方向信息表征和NeighLevel算法刻画邻域相关性的局限性,提出了一种改进的图像去噪方法。首先,利用抗混叠轮廓波自由选择方向数的特点,能更好地提取图像边缘细节,克服了复小波方向性信息表达的不足;然后用变换域邻域小波系数之间的互信息量,改进NeighLevel方法对邻域信息的表达能力。理论分析和实验结果表明,与CWT-NeighLevel相比,在噪声方差等于30~60时,峰值信噪比提高了0.6%~7.0%,且在边缘特征方面保持了良好的视觉效果。     

Robust weighted fusion Kalman estimators for multisensor systems with multiplicative noises and uncertain‐covariances linearly correlated white noises

This paper addresses the design of robust weighted fusion Kalman estimators for a class of uncertain multisensor systems with linearly correlated white noises. The uncertainties of the systems include the same multiplicative noises perturbations both on the systems state and measurement output and the uncertain noise variances. The measurement noises and process noise are linearly correlated. By introducing two fictitious noises, the system under consideration is converted into one with only uncertain noise variances. According to the minimax robust estimation principle, based on the worst‐case systems with the conservative upper bounds of the noise variances, the four robust weighted fusion time‐varying Kalman estimators are presented in a unified framework, which include three robust weighted state fusion estimators with matrix weights, diagonal matrix weights, scalar weights, and a modified robust covariance intersection fusion estimator. The robustness of the designed fusion estimators is proved by using the Lyapunov equation approach such that their actual estimation error variances are guaranteed to have the corresponding minimal upper bounds for all admissible uncertainties. The accuracy relations among the robust local and fused time‐varying Kalman estimators are proved. The corresponding robust local and fused steady‐state Kalman estimators are also presented, a simulation example with application to signal processing to show the effectiveness and correctness of the proposed results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Nonlocal image denoising via adaptive tensor nuclear norm minimization

Nonlocal self-similarity shows great potential in image denoising. Therefore, the denoising performance can be attained by accurately exploiting the nonlocal prior. In this paper, we model nonlocal similar patches through the multi-linear approach and then propose two tensor-based methods for image denoising. Our methods are based on the study of low-rank tensor estimation (LRTE). By exploiting low-rank prior in the tensor presentation of similar patches, we devise two new adaptive tensor nuclear norms (i.e., ATNN-1 and ATNN-2) for the LRTE problem. Among them, ATNN-1 relaxes the general tensor N-rank in a weighting scheme, while ATNN-2 is defined based on a novel tensor singular-value decomposition (t-SVD). Both ATNN-1 and ATNN-2 construct the stronger spatial relationship between patches than the matrix nuclear norm. Regularized by ATNN-1 and ATNN-2 respectively, the derived two LRTE algorithms are implemented through the adaptive singular-value thresholding with global optimal guarantee. Then, we embed the two algorithms into a residual-based iterative framework to perform nonlocal image denoising. Experiments validate the rationality of our tensor low-rank assumption, and the denoising results demonstrate that our proposed two methods are exceeding the state-of-the-art methods, both visually and quantitatively.

     

结合加权Schatten-p范数与3D全变分的前景检测

针对低秩与稀疏方法一般将前景看作背景中存在的异常像素点，从而使得在复杂场景中前景检测精确度下降的问题，提出一种结合加权Schatten-p范数与3D全变分（3D-TV）的前景检测模型。该模型首先将观测数据三分为低秩背景、运动前景和动态干扰；然后利用3D全变分来约束运动前景，并加强对前景目标时空连续性的先验考虑，有效抑制了不连续动态背景异常点的随机扰动；最后利用加权Schatten-p范数约束视频背景的低秩性能，去除噪声干扰。实验结果表明，与鲁棒主成分分析（RPCA）、高阶RPCA（HoRPCA）和张量RPCA（TRPCA）等模型相比，所提模型的综合衡量指标F-measure值是最高的，查全率与查准率也处于最优或次优状态。由此可知，所提模型在动态背景、恶劣天气等复杂场景中能有效提高运动目标的提取精确度，且提取的前景目标视觉效果较好。     

Contourlet收缩和全变差相结合的图像去噪

充分保持细节的图像去噪在图像处理领域具有重要的意义。一种新的将Contourlet收缩和全变差相结合的混合去噪算法被提出。利用空域自适应的全变差,对含噪图像与Contourlet硬阈值收缩图像的差值图像进行滤波。再和收缩图像相叠加,从而得到最终的去噪图像。实验结果表明,和现有的典型去噪方法相比较,所提出的算法在有效去除噪声和Gibbs伪影的同时,更好地保持了边缘和纹理等重要的细节信息。     

改进权值非局部均值超声图像去噪

目的 超声图像斑点噪声会影响诊断的准确性和可靠性。通过分析超声图像斑点噪声统计模型,结合非局部均值滤波算法,提出一种基于超声斑点噪声模型的改进权值非局部均值（NLM）滤波算法。方法 算法针对超声图像灰度信息对图像进行预处理,利用超声图像斑点噪声模型改进传统NLM算法的权值计算函数,基于图像特征确定最优采样间隔进行下采样,利用改进后的权值计算函数对图像进行NLM去噪处理。结果 分别采用人工合成与真实超声图像对本文算法性能进行测试,并与传统非局部均值滤波算法、非局部总变分（NLTV）等算法进行去噪效果比较,同时采用均方误差、峰值信噪比和平均结构相似性作为滤波算法性能的客观评价指标。本文算法能快速完成超声图像的去噪处理,峰值信噪比较其他算法可以提高0.2 dB以上,可以降低均方误差,提高平均结构相似性,缩短处理时间,并得到较好的图像质量和视觉效果。结论 根据超声图像斑点噪声模型对NLM算法的权值计算函数进行优化,使得NLM图像滤波算法能更好地适用于超声图像的去噪,基于超声斑点噪声模型的改进权值NLM算法相较于其他算法,滤波效果更佳,适合超声图像去噪。