提高内蒙古低阶煤气化水煤浆浓度的实验研究

低阶煤的内水高、含氧官能团多、可磨性差等特点导致其成浆浓度低,不利于后续以低阶煤水煤浆为原料的气化。为了解决上述问题,以内蒙古1号,2号煤样为研究对象,对比了采用普通制浆工艺与分级研磨制浆工艺制备的水煤浆的各种性能。结果表明:分级研磨制浆工艺不仅显著提高了2种煤浆-0.075 mm粒级含量。且当固定浆体表观黏度为1200 mPa.s、粗粉与细粉质量比为70∶30时,2种煤样所制水煤浆的最高成浆浓度分别为61.39%和58.52%,比普通制浆工艺所制水煤浆的最高成浆浓度分别提高了3.92%和3.94%,成浆浓度的显著提高有利于后续的水煤浆气化。     

分散剂β-萘磺酸盐甲醛缩聚物对低阶煤制水煤浆成浆性的研究

低阶煤制备水煤浆成浆性能受到多方面因素影响,其中煤自身结构性质、自由水和电荷作用三者影响较大。分析了神木煤、哈密煤、榆林煤的微观结构,测试了分散剂β-萘磺酸盐甲醛缩聚物在3种煤上的吸附规律、分散剂不同掺量下煤中束缚水释放为自由水的量,研究了分散剂吸附量与束缚水释放量及水煤浆成浆性能之间的关系。结果表明:分散剂在低阶煤上的吸附量与比表面积不呈正相关;随着分散剂吸附量提高,变质程度偏高的煤质中自由水释放量快速下降,孔隙结构较多的煤质中则可能抑制自由水释放;低浓度分散剂吸附时,由电荷斥力和释放自由水同时作用提高成浆性能,高浓度分散剂吸附时,主要依靠电荷斥力提高成浆性能,自由水起次要作用;低阶煤制备水煤浆在表观黏度为500 mPa·s～1 000 mPa·s内均符合Bingham流体特征。     

粒度级配对神府煤成浆性能的影响

为提高神府煤制备水煤浆的成浆性能,分析了神府煤的原煤性质,说明神府煤的成浆指标为11.55,属于很难成浆煤种。对不同粒度级配的干基煤样进行粒度分析,通过粗、细煤粉单独制浆实验和不同粒度级配煤粉的成浆性实验,研究了不同粒度级配对水煤浆成浆性的影响。结果表明:经过级配的干基煤样具有双峰粒度分布特征,适宜制浆;粗煤粉不能单独成浆,细煤粉单独制浆的最大成浆浓度为61%;粗细煤粉质量比约为1∶2时,水煤浆具有较好的流动性和稳定性,最大成浆浓度可达63.8%,此时水煤浆黏度为1000 mPa·s,符合工业水煤浆制备标准,说明合理的粒度级配可降低水煤浆黏度,增强流动性及稳定性。     

粒度级配对制备高浓度水煤浆的影响

选取典型低变质程度神木柠条塔(NTT)煤,进行球磨式连续型粒度级配提高水煤浆浓度(一定量的水煤浆试样在105℃~110℃干燥至恒重,干燥后试样质量占原样质量的百分数)和成浆性的研究。在不同球磨条件下,考察球磨时间、球磨速度对成浆浓度、流变特性和稳定性能的影响规律,研究粒度级配前后浆体表面润湿性、表面电负性、微观形貌的性能变化对NTT煤成浆性的影响,利用分形维数的计算,进一步探究了粒度级配对提高NTT煤制浆浓度的影响机理。结果表明:在级配M煤样(D50=79.02μm)与M₆煤样(D50=8.727μm)的质量比为8∶2时,成浆浓度与未级配煤样相比提高了约4%;不同球磨条件下的煤样按照不同的质量比进行混合制浆时,初始添加细颗粒使浆体表面的润湿性增强,降低了浆体的性能,当粗细颗粒的质量比大于6∶4时,表面润湿性的变化较小;级配样的成浆浓度与Zeta电位的绝对值呈正相关;当级配煤样之间粒径相差逐渐变大,小颗粒填充到大颗粒孔隙中,增加了空间堆积率,提高了制浆浓度,但随着细颗粒的质量分数增大,大颗粒孔隙被撑开,煤粒空间堆积率下降,制浆浓度降低;M煤样与M₆煤样在质量比为8∶2时,相比于其他级配浆体,分形维数达到最大(2.460),成浆浓度达到最高(63.03%)。     

神华煤制油项目原料煤、液化残渣及粗细煤泥的成浆性实验研究

先对神华煤制油项目的原煤、粗煤泥、细煤泥和液化残渣4个煤样进行了煤质分析,再对神华鄂尔多斯煤制油生产中的液化残渣及粗细煤泥进行了成浆性实验,从成浆性、流动性及稳定性等方面进行了实验研究,实验结果表明,原煤、粗煤泥、细煤泥、液化残渣4个煤样平均成浆质量分数均在59.6%以上,4个煤样常规制浆工艺成浆性能由好到差的顺序为:液化残渣原煤粗煤泥细煤泥;当水煤浆表观黏度为1 200 mPa·s时,4个煤样最高定黏浓度均在62.8%以上,比常规制浆工艺的成浆浓度均有所提高。     

成型热解对褐煤成浆性的影响

为提高褐煤水煤浆的成浆性,以新疆褐煤、半焦及型煤半焦为原料,对其成浆性进行对比分析。结果表明:粗细煤粉质量比6∶4,最佳添加剂用量1.2%时,型煤半焦制备的水煤浆成浆性最好,最大成浆浓度为60.1%,表观黏度为1153 mPa·s。在级配、添加剂用量相同的条件下,褐煤和半焦的最大成浆浓度分别为48.7%和56.8%。煤样工业分析和表面结构研究表明随着提质改性程度的增加,新疆褐煤、半焦及型煤半焦的水分和挥发分依次降低,固定碳升高,孔半径减小,比表面积增大,孔容积变化不明显。说明褐煤经热压提质改性后,煤化度升高,结构渐趋紧密,孔隙率降低,有利于提高褐煤成浆性。     

复配分散剂与不同煤化程度煤成浆性能的研究

为了考察复配分散剂对不同煤化程度煤的成浆性能的影响,以木质素磺酸钠与萘磺酸钠复配分散剂对山西王坡煤(WP)、淮北朱仙庄煤(ZXZ)、内蒙古上湾煤(SW)3种不同煤化程度的煤样进行了制浆试验。结果表明:复配分散剂对上湾煤样所成浆的流动性和稳定性产生较大影响,但成浆浓度不高;对较高煤化程度煤样的成浆性提高效果明显,选用3号分散剂王坡煤的成浆浓度达到最大66.8%;朱仙庄煤选用4号分散剂可以制成流动性和稳定性较好的煤浆,其煤浆浓度达67.0%。木质素磺酸钠及萘磺酸复配分散剂的协同作用对不同煤化程度煤样成浆性的影响与煤的结构有关,此复配分散剂对煤化程度较高煤的成浆性提高较有利。     

高硫煤基高比表面积活性炭的制备与表征

以高硫、低阶煤为原料，采用硝酸钾预氧化后加KOH化学活化的工艺制备高比表面积活性炭.结果表明，在碱炭比为2.5：1，活化温度为850℃，活化时间为1.5h的工艺条件下可以制备出比表面积为2579.76m^2/g，苯酚吸附容量高达280.07mg/g的活性碳，最后对该活性炭产品进行了初步表征.     

热力改性对低阶煤种成浆性影响的研究

阐述了节约炼焦煤资源,扩大制备水煤浆煤种范围的必要性。介绍了神府低阶煤种经热力改性处理,可提高成浆浓度的研究结果,为低阶煤等难制浆煤种制备水煤浆提供了重要技术支持。     

间断级配工艺制备气化水煤浆试验研究

为提高褐煤成浆浓度,以褐煤和精煤为原料,采用间断级配制浆工艺,分别对2个单种煤样和配煤进行成浆性试验,研究不同混煤方法对制浆浓度、黏度、流动性的影响,并确定最佳混配制浆方案。结果表明,褐煤具有高水分、高挥发分、低热值、反应活性好、制浆浓度低的特点;精煤具有低水分、高热值、反应活性差、制浆浓度高等特点。褐煤、精煤单种煤的最高成浆浓度分别为51.89%、73.75%。褐煤与精煤以质量比6∶4均匀混配,粗细粉配比为7∶3,添加剂用量为0.3%(干基/干粉)条件下,制取的水煤浆最高浓度为61.24%,表观黏度为1 298 mPa·s,流动性目测为B级,浆体流动摊开面积为192 cm~2时,且浆体流动性、稳定性都较好,满足水煤浆气化设计要求。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。