非诺贝特及罗格列酮对高糖培养肾小球系膜细胞p38MAPK信号通路调控影响

目的：探讨非诺贝特及罗格列酮对高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（MC）p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶（p38MAPK）信号传导通路的影响。方法：大鼠系膜细胞分别培养在正常糖浓度（5．5mmol／L）、高糖浓度（25mmol／L）、25mmol／L葡萄糖＋非诺贝特（FB）100μmol／L及25mmol／L葡萄糖＋罗格列酮（RG）20μmol／L。ELISA法检测培养细胞上清液Ⅳ型胶原（Col-Ⅳ）、纤维连接蛋白（FN）;Phospho—ELISA法检测胞浆及胞核内p38MAPK和磷酸化p38MAPK（p-p38MAPK）蛋白的表达：以及RT-PCR法检测p38MAPK的mRNA的表达。结果：与正常对照组比较,高糖组MC合成基质蛋白Col-Ⅳ、FN增多;胞浆及胞核内P—p38MAPK的表达增加。非诺贝特及罗格列酮干预能使高糖培养系膜细胞合成Col-Ⅳ、FN显著减少,胞核内p-p38MAPK表达显著下调,但对胞浆内p-p38MAPK的表达则无显著影响。各组总p38MAPK蛋白水平及p38MAPK的mRNA表达则没有明显改变。结论：非诺贝特及罗格列酮能够显著下调高糖培养的Mc核内p38MAPK信号传导通路的活化,进而减少胞外基质合成。     

非诺贝特及罗格列酮对高糖培养肾小球系膜细胞核因子κB信号通路调控的影响

目的探讨过氧化物酶增殖体激活受体(PPAR)激动剂对糖尿病肾病(DN)作用的机制。方法将大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(MC)分4组:正常对照组(葡萄糖5.5mmol·L-1)、高糖组(HG,葡萄糖25mmol·L-1)、非诺贝特(FB)100μmol·L-1组和罗格列酮(RG)20μmol·L-1组。ELISA法检测培养细胞上清液Ⅳ型胶原(Col-Ⅳ)和纤连蛋白(FN)含量;RT-PCR法检测核因子κB(NF-κB)mRNA的表达;ELISA法检测胞浆及胞核内总NF-κBp65、活性NF-κBp65和磷酸化NF-κBp65表达。结果与正常对照组比较,HG组MC合成基质蛋白Col-Ⅳ和FN增多;HG组MC胞核内核定位序列(NLS)-NF-κBp65和Ser276-NF-κB的表达显著增加;FB或RG干预后能部分或完全逆转上述变化。与HG组比较,FB或RG组上清液中Col-Ⅳ含量下降48h:(21.2±3.2)vs(17.7±2.2),(17.0±3.2)μg.L-1、FN减少48h:(13.5±1.3)vs(12.1±1.0),(11.8±1.1)μg.L-1。各组MC胞浆内NLS-NF-κBp65和Ser276-NF-κB表达则无显著变化;各组NF-κBmRNA表达及总NF-κBp65蛋白水平亦无明显改变。结论PPAR激动剂通过下调MC胞核内NF-κB信号传导通路的活化,进而减少胞外基质合成,达到对DN的治疗作用。     

罗格列酮对高糖培养肾小球系膜细胞胞外基质产生及降解的影响

目的:探讨罗格列酮(rosiglitazone maleate)对糖尿病肾病的保护机制。方法:大鼠肾小球系膜细胞分别培养在正常糖浓度(5.5mmol/L),高糖浓度(25mmol/L)及25mmol/L葡萄糖+20μmol/L罗格列酮的培养液中。CCK-8测定系膜细胞增殖;ELISA法检测培养上清液Ⅳ型胶原(Col-Ⅳ)、纤维连接蛋白(FN)、转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1);明胶酶谱法检测培养上清液基质金属蛋白酶-2,9(MMP-2,9)的活性。结果:高糖组系膜细胞较正常对照组出现增殖增加,合成基质蛋白Col-Ⅳ、FN增多;MMP-2及MMP-9活性下降;TIMP-1含量增加;TGF-β1分泌增加。与高糖组比较,罗格列酮干预后能逆转上述变化。结论:罗格列酮能抑制高糖培养的系膜细胞增殖,减少胞外基质合成,增加胞外基质的降解。     

非诺贝特对糖尿病大鼠肾功能改善作用及抗氧化应激机制

目的研究非诺贝特对糖尿病大鼠肾功能的改善作用及其机制。方法大鼠一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素65mg·kg-1制备糖尿病模型,随机分为对照组、模型组,非诺贝特低、中、高剂量(20,40,80mg·kg-1)组,每组10只,每天灌胃给予相应剂量的非诺贝特,于第8周末测尿白蛋白(Alb)、视黄醇结合蛋白(RBP)和肌酐;腹主动脉取血,测定血糖和糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)。取出肾脏,一部分肾组织用4℃生理盐水冲洗后,称重研磨制成匀浆,再离心,取上清液测定MDA、SOD活性、GSH活性、NO含量、NOS活性和Na-K-ATP酶活性。另一部分肾组织光镜下检测组织病理学变化。结果与对照组相比,模型组Alb和RBP明显升高(P<0.05),肾组织中NO含量、NOS、GSH和SOD活性明显降低(P<0.05)、MDA含量明显升高,Na-K-ATP酶活性降低(P<0.05),肾组织病理损伤严重。与模型组相比,非诺贝特80mg·kg-1组Alb和RBP明显降低(P<0.05),肾组织中NO含量、NOS、GSH-Px和SOD活性明显上升、MDA含量明显下降,Na-K-ATP酶活性升高(P<0.05),肾组织病理损伤减轻。结论非诺贝特能降低糖尿病大鼠肾脏损伤起保护作用,这可能与提高肾脏抗氧化应激损伤有关。     

非诺贝特和罗格列酮对大鼠血脂、体重和胰岛素敏感性的作用比较

目的 :比较非诺贝特、罗格列酮对大鼠胰岛素敏感性、血脂、体重的影响。方法 :32只大鼠随机分为 4组 ,1组给予普通饲料 ,其余 3组给予高脂饲料喂养 ,制作胰岛素抵抗模型。 4wk后取高脂饲料喂养的 2组大鼠予非诺贝特 (10 0mg·kg- 1·d- 1)、罗格列酮 (8mg·kg- 1·d- 1)灌胃 ,其他 2组予安慰剂灌胃。结果 :给高脂饲料的 3组大鼠体重、血脂和胰岛素水平均明显增高 (P <0 .0 1)。给药后 ,非诺贝特组和罗格列酮组大鼠游离脂肪酸均降低 ,非诺贝特组血清三酰甘油降低 ,与高脂对照组对比差异有显著意义 [(0 .84±s0 .18)mmol·L- 1vs (1.2±0 .3)mmol·L- 1,P <0 .0 5 ]。非诺贝特组体重增长幅度减小 ,罗格列酮组体重增长幅度增加。 2种药物都能增加葡萄糖输注率 ,罗格列酮作用优于非诺贝特。结论 :非诺贝特可降低大鼠血脂、减少体重、有适度的胰岛素增敏作用。罗格列酮具有良好增敏作用及适度的降脂作用 ,可引起体重增加     

微粒化非诺贝特与非诺贝特治疗Ⅱ型糖尿病合并高脂血症的比较

目的：观察微粒化非诺贝特（micronised feofibrate,MF)与非诺贝特（fenofibrate,F)治疗II型糖尿病（non-insulin dependent mellitus,NIDDM)合并高脂血症的疗效,方法：40例（男性25例,女性15例,年龄54a(6a)NIDDM病人用MF胶囊治疗,0．2g,Po,qd*8wk,另35例（男性23例,女性12例,年龄53a(7a)NIDDM病人用F胶囊,0．1g,po,tid*8wk,结果：MF组降低TC,TG,LDL－C分别为9．4％,50．0％,17．3％,升高HDL－C20．4％,F组降低TC,TG,LDL－C分别为18．1％,41．0％,13．5％,升高HDL－C14．9％,结论：MF治疗NIDDM合并高脂血症病人比F更有效。     

普伐他汀对高糖培养肾小球系膜细胞细胞外基质产生和氧化应激的影响

目的探讨普伐他汀对糖尿病肾病的保护机制。方法大鼠肾小球系膜细胞分别用正常浓度葡萄糖(5.5 mmo.lL-1),高浓度葡萄糖(25 mmo.lL-1)及葡萄糖25 mmo.lL-1+普伐他汀100μmo.lL-1培养。用CCK-8试剂盒测定细胞增殖,比色法检测培养液中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)和丙二醛(MDA)含量。ELISA法检测培养上清液Ⅳ型胶原(ColⅣ-)、纤连蛋白(FN)、转化生长因子β1(TGFβ-1)和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子(TIMP-1)含量;明胶酶谱法检测培养上清明胶酶A及B的活性。结果与对照组比较,高糖组肾小球系膜细胞增殖增加,基质蛋白ColⅣ-和FN合成增多,明胶酶A及B活性下降,TIMP-1含量和TGFβ-1分泌增加,总SOD活性和Cu,Zn-SOD活性下降,GSH含量下降,MDA含量增加。与高糖组比较,普伐他汀干预后可逆转上述变化。结论普伐他汀可抑制高糖培养的肾小球系膜细胞增殖,减少胞外基质合成,增加胞外基质降解,并缓解高糖诱导的氧化应激。     

非诺贝特的临床益处

在调节TG和HDL方面非诺贝特优于他汀类药物.有研究发现,非诺贝特可降低血浆纤维蛋白原的水平,这一作用较他汀类药物更为有效.非诺贝特比他汀类药物更为有效的降低PAI-1的作用,能显著减少肾脏病变的发病率.药动学显示,口服非诺贝特后5h血药浓度达峰值,半衰期为20h,88％以上的药物经尿排除体外,反复用药无蓄积作用.     

辛伐他汀联合非诺贝特在糖尿病肾病合并高血脂症治疗中的应用

目的分析辛伐他汀联合非诺贝特在糖尿病肾病合并高血脂症治疗中的应用效果。方法将糖尿病肾病合并高血脂症患者64例分为对照组与观察组,对照组单独采用辛伐他汀治疗,对照组采用辛伐他汀联合非诺贝特治疗,对比两组患者治疗效果。结果治疗前,观察组患者TC(总胆固醇)、TG(三酰甘油)、LDL-C(低密度脂蛋白胆固醇)、HDL-C(高密度脂蛋白胆固醇)等血脂指标与对照组比较,无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C等血脂指标均优于治疗前,且观察组改善效果优于对照组,数据对比差异显著(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为9.38%,对照组不良反应发生率为9.38%,观察组不良反应发生率与对照组比较,无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论辛伐他汀联合非诺贝特在糖尿病肾病合并高血脂症治疗中的应用效果显著,建议在临床上推广。     

胡黄连总苷对高糖诱导肾小球系膜细胞氧化应激的保护作用

胡黄连总苷(total glucosides of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora，TGP)是具有抗氧化作用的活性组分。由于氧化应激在糖尿病肾病发病中起关键作用，因此本研究考察了TGP对高糖培养下系膜细胞病变和氧化应激损伤的影响。通过高糖(25 mmol·L^-1)刺激3周造成糖尿病系膜细胞损伤模型，分别以荧光素探针DCFH-DA，Rh123和Fluo-3/AM负载细胞，流式细胞仪法检测细胞内活性氧(ROS)、线粒体膜电位(MMP)和［Ca²⁺］_i，观察TGP对高糖引起系膜细胞肥大、细胞外基质分泌增加的保护作用。结果表明，高糖培养组系膜细胞肥大，胶原IV的分泌增加，细胞内ROS升高，MMP降低，［Ca²⁺］_i升高，TGP能明显改善高糖诱导的系膜细胞肥大和降低胶原IV的分泌，降低细胞内ROS含量，提高MMP的水平和降低［Ca²⁺］_i。因此TGP可以保护高糖诱导的肾小球系膜细胞氧化应激损伤。     

普伐他汀对高糖培养肾小球系膜细胞P38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶信号通路的影响

目的探讨普伐他汀对高糖培养大鼠肾小球系膜细胞(MC)p38促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(p38MAPK)信号传导通路的影响。方法大鼠MC分别培养在正常糖5.5mmol·L-1(正常对照组),高糖25mmol·L-1(高糖组),葡萄糖25mmo.lL-1+p38MAPK特异性抑制剂SB203580(SB)10μmol.L-1,及葡萄糖25mmol·L-1+普伐他汀(PV)100μmol·L-1。ELISA法检测培养上清液Ⅳ型胶原(Col-Ⅳ)、纤连蛋白(FN)含量;Phospho-ELISA法检测胞浆及胞核内p38MAPK和磷酸化p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)蛋白的表达;以及RT-PCR法检测p38MAPK mRNA的表达。结果与正常对照组比较,高糖组MC合成基质蛋白Col-Ⅳ,FN增多;胞浆及胞核内p-p38MAPK的表达增加。SB或PV干预能部分或完全逆转这一变化。与高糖组比较,SB干预后,上清液中Col-Ⅳ含量下降〔48h:(21.19±3.21)vs(16.75±1.93)μg·L-1,n=6,P<0.05〕、FN减少〔48h:(13.47±1.27)vs(12.01±0.85)μg·L-1,n=6,P<0.05〕;胞浆及胞核内p-p38MAPK表达显著下调。PV干预后,上清液中Col-Ⅳ含量下降〔48h:(21.19±3.21)vs(14.97±3.04)μg·L-1,n=6,P<0.05〕、FN减少〔48h:(13.57±1.27)vs(11.99±0.98)μg·L-1,n=6,P<0.05〕;胞核内p-p38MAPK表达显著下调,但对胞浆内p-p38MAPK的表达则无显著影响。各组总p38MAPK蛋白水平及p38MAPK mRNA表达则没有明显改变。结论PV能够显著下调高糖培养的MC胞核内p38MAPK信号传导通路的活化,进而减少胞外基质合成,达到对糖尿病肾病的治疗作用。     

Daphnetin inhibits high glucose-induced extracellular matrix accumulation,oxidative stress and inflammation in human glomerular mesangial cells

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Oxidative stress and inflammation have been documented to play important roles in the pathogenesis of DN. Daphnetin, a natural coumarin compound, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the role of daphnetin in DN has not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study was to explore the function of daphnetin in DN and the underlying mechanism in vitro. Our results demonstrated that daphnetin alleviated cell proliferation induced by high glucose (HG) in human mesangial cells (MCs). Daphnetin strikingly reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels, and induced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in HG-stimulated MCs. Besides, the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV (Col IV) was also inhibited by daphnetin in HG-stimulated MCs. In addition, daphnetin enhanced the expression of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and inhibited the levels of p-Akt and p-p65 in HG-stimulated MCs. The results indicated that daphnetin inhibited HG-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and ECM accumulation in human MCs. The effect is partially mediated by Nrf2/keap1 and Akt/NF-κB pathways. The findings suggested that daphnetin might be a therapeutic or preventive agent for DN.     

法舒地尔对高糖培养的肾小管上皮细胞转分化的抑制作用

目的探讨法舒地尔对高糖培养人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2)转分化的影响及可能作用机制。方法人肾小管上皮细胞同时加入葡萄糖60 mmol·L-1和法舒地尔20μmol·L-1。配体结合沉淀法检测葡萄糖60mmol·L-1作用0～24 h后细胞Rho A活性,免疫细胞化学技术检测上皮钙黏素表达,Western印迹法检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达,ELISA法检测细胞培养上清液转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)的含量。结果在一定时间范围内,高糖能刺激细胞Rho A分子活化;与正常对照组比较,葡萄糖60 mmol·L-1培养HK-2细胞72 h后上皮钙黏素表达明显减少(P<0.01),α-SMA表达明显增多(P<0.01),TGF-β1分泌增多(P<0.01),而葡萄糖5.5 mmol·L-1+甘露醇54.5 mmol·L-1高张组无明显差异。法舒地尔20μmol·L-1同步干预后,与高糖组比较,细胞上皮钙黏素表达明显增多〔(0.03±0.01)vs(0.08±0.02),P<0.05〕,α-SMA表达下降(P<0.05),48 h时TGF-β1分泌明显减少〔(128±11)vs(49±5)μg.g-1(P<0.05)〕。结论法舒地尔能抑制高糖培养的肾小管上皮细胞转分化,可能部分通过减少TGF-β1的分泌发挥作用。     

BML-111 attenuates high glucose-induced inflammation,oxidative stress and reduces extracellular matrix accumulation via targeting Nrf2 in rat glomerular mesangial cells

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most paradigmatic complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and brings about severe social and economic burdens. BML-111 is a potent agonist of Lipoxin A4 and has shown anti-inflammatory function in many diseases. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of BML-111 on high glucose (HG) -induced mesangial cells. HBZY-1 cells were stimulated by HG with or without BML-111. ML385 was used as an Nrf2 inhibitor. Cell proliferation was measured by CC-K 8 assay. Besides, levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and MCP-1 were detected by corresponding ELISA kits. DCFH-DA staining and an available ROS kit were employed to determine the ROS generation. In addition, extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay and western blot analysis. The protein expressions involved in Nrf2/HO-1 and MAPK pathway were assessed by western blot assay. Results indicated that BML-111 extremely inhibited HBZY-1 cell proliferation induced by HG. Moreover, BML-111 reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1, IL-6 and MCP-1, declined intracellular ROS level, and attenuated expression of ECM proteins laminin, fibronectin, collagen IV and TGF-β1. In addition, BML-111 promoted the activation of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO1, while suppressed the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK. Further, NRF2 silence reversed the inhibitory effects of BML-111 on HG-induce inflammation, oxidative stress and ECM accumulation, accelerate the MAPK signaling, and diminished the expression of Nrf2 pathway. In summary, BML-111 alleviated HG-induced injury in HBZY-1 cells by repressing inflammatory response, oxidative stress and ECM accumulation via activating Nrf2 and inhibiting MAPK pathway.     

Up-regulation of miR-135b expression induced by oxidative stress promotes the apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cells under high glucose condition

This study aimed to investigate the role and underlying mechanism of miR-135b in high glucose-induced oxidative stress of renal tubular epithelial cells. Here, in vivo experiments found that compared to the control group, miR-135b expression was significantly up-regulated in the diabetes group, whereas BMP7 mRNA and protein levels were down-regulated. In high glucose-treated renal tubular epithelial cells (HK-2) in vitro, oxidative stress was induced, which up-regulated miR-135b expression. In addition, the regulation of miR-135b on BMP7 expression was confirmed in HK-2 cells. Under high glucose conditions, oxidative stress promoted the apoptosis of HK-2 cells through the up-regulation of miR-135b expression. In vivo experiments indicated that interference with miR-135b improved renal function in mice with diabetic nephropathy. In conclusion, these results indicated that the up-regulation of miR-135b expression induced by oxidative stress promotes the apoptosis of HK-2 cells under high glucose conditions.