北京黄庄-高丽营断层、八宝山断层现今活动追踪研究

综合分析了控制黄庄—高丽营断层、八宝山断层活动性的形变、重力及地磁资料，认为断层的活动以永定河断层与良乡断层之间最为显著；其活动与强震的发生密切相关；断层所在地段是地震活动引起应力场变化的敏感地区。是大同及张北地震后应力转移集中的地区。转移集中的部分应力可能以断层蠕动的形式得到缓慢释放。     

八宝山断层的变形行为与降雨及地下水的关系

利用北京丰台大灰厂观测台站1970——2003年的长期综合观测资料,系统分析了降雨和地下水对北京八宝山断层变形行为的影响. 研究结果表明:当降雨量持续稳定周期性变化,则断层孔隙压也呈稳定周期性变化,断层变形行为也表现出明显的规则周期性变化;当降雨量明显偏低或偏离正常周期性变化,则断层孔隙压周期性消失,断层的变形行为方式也发生改变. 降雨通过改变断层带孔隙压力的变化而影响着八宝山断层的变形行为. 结合该断层已有研究结果,认为降雨和地下水有可能通过改变断层变形行为方式而影响着区域构造应力/应变场的调整. 这一结果将对研究地球浅部流体与固体相互作用提供直接的观测证据.      

Crustal deformation of seismogenic fault and its surrounding area after the Tangshane arthquake

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断层形变趋势变化研究--垂直形变趋势累积率Dc值

通过对跨断层测量特点的分析,提出断层运动中趋势性成分具有反映区域地壳形变及应变能累积程度的意义。据此建立形变趋势累积率的概念,推导了相应的计算公式并对其性质及物理意义作了初步解释。震例计算表明,该指标能够反映区域地壳的背景活动强度,对中强地震亦具有较强的敏感性。具有一定的实用价值     

Features and mechanism of neotectonic deformation of the Xishan fault system west of Urumqi

We have made careful field investigation and trench exploration to the Xishan fault system in west of Urumqi,and an integrated analysis in conjunction with data of deep seismic sounding.Our result suggests that under the SN-oriented compressive stress,the Xishan block moves steadily toward the Tianshan Mountains in south,resulting in southward thrust-slip and crustal shortening,particularly the southward thrust of the Xishan fault which serves as the main boundary in south.North of the Xishan fault are the ...     

Late Quaternary surface deformation and rupture behavior of strong earthquake on the segment north of Mianning of the Anninghe fault

The Anninghe fault is an important active fault along the eastern boundary of Sichuan-Yunnan active tectonic block, and the study of its surface deformation and rupture behavior during strong earthquake in the late Quaternary is of fundamental importance for understanding the future seismic risk of the fault zone or even the entire western Sichuan region. Using the methods of detailed geomorphic and geological survey, digital image analysis, total station instrument survey, excavation of combined trench and dating, we analyze the geomorphologic sequences of the offset strata at several sites where the late Quaternary deformation remnants are fairly well preserved and obtain some new results as follows: Strong earthquake events with left-lateral displacements of about 3 m occurred at the two sites of Zimakua and Yejitong at 1634-1811, 1030-1050 and 280-550 a BP, respectively, and the recurrence interval is 520-660 a; The youngest event in the area of Dahaizi-Ganhaizi should be the earthquake of 1536, other events are at 1768-1826, 2755-4108 and 4108-6593 a BP, respectively, with a recurrence interval of 1300-1900 a. The strong earthquake activity shows a clustering character. The possibility of occurrence of a strong earthquake exists on the north segment of the Anninghe fault sometime in the future.     

甘肃及其边邻地区断层形变特征强度时序变化与强震关系

利用甘肃及其边邻地区20世纪80年代末至2009年11月跨断层短水准流动观测资料,提取相关断裂带各段的断层形变特征强度指标,分析其可能揭示的构造变形动态演化特征及与资料积累以来MS5.8级以上地震孕育—发生过程的关系。研究表明:各断裂段断层形变特征强度时序曲线对其内、边缘附近MS5.8级以上地震反映较好,震前数月至1年左右时间内多数对应与构造背景一致的逆断异常;震后异常消失,或者出现短暂的正断异常,反映调整状态。     

GPS monitoring of temporal deformation of the Xianshuihe fault

Highly precise (σ ~1 mm) temporal deformation measurements are taken across the Xianshuihe fault from two pairs of continuous GPS stations straddling the fault. Baseline vector changes of the two pairs of stations show clearly the difference in deformation behavior between the Qianning and Daofu segments of the fault: the former deforms steadily, and the latter deforms with a strong transient component. The transient deformation across the Daofu segment is possibly related to its irregular geometry, where the fault splits into two branches, that is, the east and west branches. An attempt is made to interpret the baseline vector changes using a kinematic fault model composed of a brittle layer in the upper crust, a ductile layer in the lower crust, and a transition zone in between. The slip in the transition zone of the south segment of the Xianshuihe fault is steady. The slips in the transition zones of the north and Daofu segments of the Xianshuihe fault, however, are not steady, and the average slip rates there are higher than that of the south segment. The difference in deformation behavior is probably associated with the rheological properties of the fault interface, suggesting that the overall fault strength of the south segment is greater than those of the north and Daofu segments, corresponding to longer earthquake recurrence time.     

汶川8.0级地震前断层形变异常及与其它大震的比较c

用蕴震系统信息合成和地壳形变图象动力学参量方法,对龙门山、鲜水河、安宁河断裂带69条跨断层形变观测时序（1997年1月——2008年1月）整体地作了数据处理,发现龙门山断裂带在汶川MS8.0地震前出现了整体活动强度增高（加速度运动）、突跳异常丛集和近震中断裂的快速滑动．汶川8.0级与唐山7.8级及丽江7.0级地震之前的断层形变异常具有相似性,呈现出一定的可重现性,但前者的异常强度偏低．用系统自组织理论、断裂力学、静地震、慢地震、蠕滑、亚板块挤压与深部物质向上运移的共同作用能初步解释这些异常现象．     

山西地区断层形变异常强度与地震关系

根据建立的数学模型,对山西地区跨断层观测资料进行整理计算,得到断层形变速率、异常强度值、异常强度等值线和区域性异常变化的时序曲线,并根据断层形变异常强度值及时空演化等特征,结合山西地区中、强地震,研究断层形变异常强度与地震的关系,发现在山西地区发生MS≥4.0地震前1年左右或稍长时间,断层形变异常强度均出现强烈异常,表现为R5,可以作为中、强地震孕育发生的前兆标志。     

Comprehensive Study of the Activity in the Middle Sections of Huangzhuang-Gaoliying and Babaoshan Faults

To monitor the activity of the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying and Babaoshan faults in their middle sections,a network for leveling,short-side ranging,and gravity and geomagnetic observations at the same time and at the same station was set up.By this network,the time and space distribution and the relation between different observations have been studied.It is considered that the Huangzhuang-Gaoliying fault is in a locked state for rapid strain energy accumulation,while the Babaoshan fault is in a state of creep or unrestrained motion.To do comprehensive monitoring of fault activity by making deformation,gravity,and geomagnetic observations at the same time and at the same station,it would be possible to acquire the microscopic state of fault activity and the data of earthquake preparation; such an approach is considered worth popularizing.     

跨断层形变测量场地图形分析及设计

在分析了青藏体北缘跨以形变测量场地图形状态的基础上,论述了进行优化设计的必要性及新的图形设计的主要内容：（１）以ＧＰＳ控制整个断裂、以水冷、测距、基线、重力等测量手段监测各个场地测点形成的三维地形物重力变化信息;（２）断层水准、重力按新的标石裂线阵设;（３）断层水平形变可根据运动状态的不同,按“走滑型”和“倾滑型”布设;（４）场地水冷、重力定期水准、重力联测,场地水平没距网定期与区域ＧＰＳ网联测,     

川西地区地壳形变和断层位移活动

大地测量资料的分析表明，川西地区的地壳形变和断层位移活动沿着已发展成为块体边界线的鲜水河断裂带—安宁河断裂带—则木河断裂带表现为最强，两侧块体内的断裂活动相对次之。区内的现今形变活动趋势仍继承着晚第四纪以来新构造活动的格局，地震形变是现今形变的最佳表现，断层位移活动具有显著的不均匀性。     

鲜水河断裂带炉霍段的震后滑动与形变

1973年2月在鲜水河断裂带炉霍段发生了M7.6地震破裂.自那以来,先后在炉霍县虾拉沱布设了若干横跨该地震断层(1973年破裂带)的地壳形变观测系统,包括断层近场的短基线、短水准、蠕变仪、人工构筑物等,以及断层近-远场的GPS观测站.利用这些观测系统的长期观测资料,本文分析了鲜水河断裂带炉霍段的震后滑动/变形及其时、空变化特征,并建立起解释这些特征的动力学模式.研究表明:(1)1973年地震后的头5年,地震断层在虾拉沱场地表现为开放性质,近场的断层震后滑动以无震左旋蠕滑为主,速率达到10.27 mm/a,且伴有微量的拉张性蠕动作用;1979年以来,左旋蠕滑速率由5.3 mm/a逐渐减小到2.27 mm/a,减小的过程呈对数函数型,反映此阶段断层面已逐渐重新耦合、正朝闭锁的方向发展,并伴有部分应变积累.(2)1999年以来,地震断层两侧远场的相对左旋位移/变形速率为10 mm/a,远大于同时期断层近场(跨距40~144 m)的左旋蠕滑速率0.66~2.52 mm/a;远-近场位移/形变速率的显著变化发生在地震断层两侧各宽约30 km的范围,显示出这是与大地震应力应变积累—释放相关的断裂带宽度.(3)结合动力学背景与深部构造信息,本文对这里断层的震后位移/变形及其时、空变化的机理进行初步解释,要点是:震后约5年之后,由于逐渐增大的断层滑动/摩擦阻抗,上地壳脆性层中的断层面由震后初期的开放性质逐渐转向重新耦合、并朝闭锁的方向发展,但其两侧地块深部持续的延性相对运动拖拽着浅部脆性层发生相应的弹性位移/变形.(4)可估计再经历15~25年,研究断裂段将完全"闭锁",即进入积累下一次大地震应力应变的震间闭锁阶段.     

北京及邻区断层形变综合信息函数研究

应用综合信息函数的理论和方法，根据形变观测点的空间非均匀分布和首都圈地区几次强震前形变场的变化规律，考虑各测点的不同地球物理性质，利用近20年来的形变资料，计算了首都圈及邻近地区1995年以来的综合信息函数值，动态地显示了在局部区域内中强地震前，形变异常的演化特征。     

基于断层形变协调比的断层形变分析

基于唐山台跨断层短基线和短水准观测结果,综合应用不同测段的数据组合,分析断层运动状态和测段组合之间的关系,进而计算断层形变协调比参数序列,分析其与区域中等以上地震之间的动力学关系,最后获得两点认识:(1)与断层走向呈不同夹角的测段组合会对认识断层活动特征状态产生影响,因此在台站资料许可的情况下,要尽可能选择不同的组合进行对比分析;同时也表明在建立跨断层观测时,要布置和断层走向呈不同夹角的测段,以便对断层状态做准确的判断.对唐山台的资料而言,据与断层走向夹角较小的两个测段所得结果相对更好,这可能和该断层以走滑为主、该区域应力状态以水平运动为主相关.(2)4个序列断层形变协调比的变化幅度虽然有较大差异,但其趋势特征基本一致,与正常背景有显著偏离的变化,且这种变化和唐山区域中等以上(M≥4.5)地震活动交替出现,且其间隔时间在2000年后逐渐加长.这可能反映了在20世纪80～90年代区域应力场还处于1976年唐山大地震后的恢复阶段,局部应力场状态在不断地调整和变化之中,而在2000年之后,区域应力状态逐步稳定.     

基于企业微信的形变故障报警框架设计与实现

针对台站形变观测中经常出现的仪器故障,提出了一种基于移动式企业微信报警的新方法。对传统的依托于台站工作人员登录Web网站、查看仪器工作状态的方式进行了改进,并提供了一种可实现、可操作的设计思路和具体实现过程。该设计框架不但解决了行业内外网切割导致数据采集和报警信息无法发送的问题,还解决了长期以来台站仪器经常性网络不通、断电、死机、超量程等突发情况所导致的形变观测数据缺失和错误无法及时报警的问题。通过Python语言编程,采集实时测量数据,通过逻辑运算后将结果推送到指定的企业微信,实现仪器故障报警,以达到降低数据损失的目的。     

CR-InSAR与PS-InSAR联合解算方法及在西秦岭断裂中段缓慢变形研究中的应用

本文结合CR-InSAR、PS-InSAR技术,将CR、PS点联合构网,采用LAMBDA方法进行相位解缠,研究西秦岭北缘断裂带中断的微小形变,结果得出断裂带表现出左旋走滑运动特征,断裂带南盘平均形变速率为2.3 mm·a-1,北盘平均形变速率为-1.5 mm·a-1,南北两盘平均形变速率差异为3.8 mm·a-1,与其他学者GPS、地质测年研究成果相近.对研究区内的角反射器（CR点）安装、影像特征分析及形变解算进行了较为详细的论述,并对比分析了CR、PS点联合构网和PS点单独构网解算结果,得出对地质环境复杂的断裂带做永久散射体形变研究时,CR、PS点联合构网解算结果好、研究结果可靠.说明CR、PS点联合构网中,CR点由于其自身的高稳定特性,对整个解算网络起到了很好的整体控制作用,保证了解算结果正确.     

Effects of fault movement and material properties on deformation and stress fields of Tibetan Plateau

We compare the factors which affect the movement of Tibetan Plateau by building three types of finite element models: an elastic materials (M-EC), a continuous model composed by non-linear materials (M-PC), and an elastic model with discontinuous fault movements (M-ET). Both in M-ET and M-EC, the materials in Qiangtang and Lhasa block are elastic, and in M-ET, discontinuous movement of faults is considered for evaluating the effects of strike-slip faults. In model M-PC Druker-Prager plastic materials are us...