靶向性紫杉醇纳米胶束的制备及体外评价

为了增加紫杉醇溶解度和稳定性,采用薄膜分散法制备紫杉醇纳米胶束;采用粒径测定仪测定粒径和PDI;采用UV法测定药物的含量,计算载药量和包封率;采用膜透析法对载药聚合物胶束的体外释药进行考察。本研究制备的纳米胶束粒径分布均匀,平均粒径为(64.34±1.83)nm,包封率大于85%;紫杉醇纳米胶束体外释放显示了良好的缓释特性。本研究制备的紫杉醇纳米胶束制备工艺操作简单,制备得到载药胶束的粒径较小且分布均匀,包封率、载药量较高。     

低CMC纳米载体PEGMA-b-PLLA-b-PCL的制备及其药物缓释性能

以ε-己内酯（ε-CL）为疏水原料，聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯（PEGMA）为亲水原料，通过引入亲疏水性过渡原料L-丙交酯（LLA），利用可逆加成-断裂链转移法（RAFT）制备了超低临界胶束浓度（CMC）的聚乙二醇甲醚甲基丙烯酸酯-聚丙交酯-聚己内酯（PEGMA-b-PLLA-b-PCL）。通过FTIR、1HNMR、GPC、DLS和SEM对聚合物的结构、相对分子质量（简称分子量）及粒径进行测定，用界面张力法测得PEGMA-b-PLLA-b-PCL 胶束溶液的CMC，用溶剂挥发法负载姜黄素（CUR）制备载药胶束溶液，并计算其载药量和包封率，进一步考察载药胶束溶液在不同环境下的释药能力。结果表明，聚合物相对分子质量（简称分子量）为1220~8782，粒径为28~180 nm，且最低CMC为0.62 μg/mL（pH=7.4）。载药胶束的载药量和包封率最高可达12.6%和78 .0% (pH=7.4)，且药物释放可在15 d内完成，在pH=5环境下释放量最高可达45.53%。     

盐酸伊立替康、二氢杨梅素复方脂质体的制备及其体外释放研究

目的:制备共载化疗药CPT-11及中药成分DMY的复方脂质体,对该脂质体进行质量检测,包括考察其外观形态、粒径分布、包封率、载药量等,并考察复方脂质体的体外释放能力。方法:用乙醇注入法-硫酸铵梯度法制备CPT-11-DMY复方脂质体,根据L9(34)正交试验优化药物处方,并加以验证;用紫外分光光度法测定包封率及载药量;利用动态透析法来分析CPT-11-DMY复方脂质体体外释放趋势。结果:正交实验得到的最优处方制备出的复方脂质体中CPT-11包封率为(82.58±1.48)%,载药量为(4.5±1.3)%,DMY包封率为(71.45±1.03)%,载药量为(5.7±1.1)%;平均粒径为(123.1±1.8)nm,PDI值为0.181,Zeta为(-24.3±0.51)mV;体外释放通过数学参数拟合结果表明,复方脂质体的释药行为符合weibull模型,24h内复方脂质体中CPT-11和DMY的累计释放率分别为(61.45±1.88)%和(72.67±1.07)%。结论:应用乙醇注入法结合硫酸铵梯度法成功制备复方脂质体,采用的方法简单可行,结果可靠,且包封率高。     

Box-Behnken法优化环孢素A-聚乳酸纳米载体制备工艺

采用改进的乳化-溶剂挥发工艺制备CsA-PLA纳米载体,以包封率为指标,用Box-Behnken法优化CsA-PLA纳米载体制备工艺。采用透射电镜、Zetasizer Nano粒度仪评价产品的形貌、表面电位、粒径及粒径分布,在HPLC法测定CsA含量基础上,开展纳米载体体外释放特性研究。Quality by Design(QbD)预测的最佳工艺参数为PLA用量115.0 mg、CsA投药量22.2 mg、二氯甲烷3.45 mL和丙酮2.55 mL。在此条件下制备的纳米载体平均粒径为(168.7±4.3)nm,zeta电位为(16.9±0.47)mV,载药量0.323 mg mg 1,载体球形度和单分散性优良,药物包封率为(90.73±0.61)%,接近预测值91.05%。在符合漏槽条件的释放介质中,CsA-PLA纳米粒呈现了pH依赖型基质溶蚀缓释特征,7 d时在模拟胃、肠液中的累积释放率分别达到41.1%和80.4%。实验证明了QbD在预测制备CsA-PLA纳米载体的潜力。     

透明质酸自组装聚合物胶束的制备及表征

为了增强抗肿瘤药物的靶向性与抗肿瘤活性,本文制备了透明质酸-十八烷聚合物,用其对阿霉素进行包载,考察其理化性质及体外细胞毒性。合成两亲性透明质酸-十八烷聚合物,利用核磁对其结构进行确证。选择超声法制备载阿霉素的聚合物胶束,考察胶束的粒径、电位、包封率、载药量以及体外释放行为。选择乳腺癌细胞MCF-7为肿瘤细胞模型,考察载药胶束的体外抗肿瘤活性。成功合成了透明质酸-十八烷聚合物。制备的空白胶束和载药的胶束的粒径分别为（180.7±1.25）nm和（178.3±2.24）nm,Zeta电位分别为（-21.3±0.25）mV和（-18.1±0.31）mV。载阿霉素聚合物胶束的包封率为（96.1%±0.72%）,载药量为16.1%±1.18%,体外释放行为表明在72h的累计药物释放率仅为40%左右,具有明显的缓释行为。体外细胞毒性结果表明,空白聚合物胶束对肿瘤细胞几乎没有毒性,而载阿霉素的聚合物胶束具有较好的抗肿瘤活性。结论：透明质酸-十八烷聚合物胶束可以有效地包载抗肿瘤药物阿霉素,具有良好的缓释特性和抗肿瘤活性。     

O-季铵化-N-(4-十二烷氧基)壳聚糖苯甲醛席夫碱的制备及胶束pH响应性

制备双亲性的O-季铵化-N-(4-十二烷氧基)壳聚糖苯甲醛席夫碱(QA-CS-DBA),采用FTIR、¹H NMR及元素分析对产物进行表征。通过超声法制备QA-CS-DBA载酮洛芬胶束,考察胶束的临界胶束浓度、粒径、Zeta电位、载药量和包封率,并对胶束在不同pH值条件下的药物释放行为及Zeta电位变化进行研究。结果表明,QA-CS-DBA能将酮洛芬包载于胶束疏水内核,载药量为39.37%,包封率为46.04%,载药胶束粒径为341nm,Zeta电位为30.8mV。胶束Zeta电位及载药胶束的药物释放行为具有pH响应性。     

以PCL-PEG为载体的人参皂苷Rg3纳米粒的制备及表征

以PCL-PEG为载体,采用乳化溶剂蒸发法制备人参皂苷Rg3纳米粒,以包封率和载药量为指标,通过正交实验优化制备条件。结果表明,最优制备条件为:人参皂苷Rg3浓度为3 mg/mL,PCL-PEG浓度为5 mg/mL,胆酸钠的体积为5 mL,胆酸钠浓度为0.5%。得到的纳米粒为球形,表面圆整光滑,粒径为129.1 nm,电位为-38.7 mV,包封率为90.03%,载药量为34.18%,稳定性良好,具有明显的缓释性能。     

5-氟尿嘧啶毫微粒的制备工艺

以生物可降解材料乳酸乙醇酸共聚物为载体,采用复乳溶剂挥发法结合高压均质法制备5氟-尿嘧啶毫微粒,通过正交试验设计优化5氟-尿嘧啶毫微粒的制备工艺,用透射电镜观察毫微粒的形态,并对所制得毫微粒的平均粒径、载药量、包封率及重现性进行了研究。实验结果表明:优化制备工艺条件下所制得的5-氟尿嘧啶毫微粒为圆整的类球形实体粒子,平均粒径为85.4 nm,载药量为(12.4±0.7)%,包封率为(64.1±5.3)%,制备工艺简单,重现性好。     

两亲性聚合物制备及其性能的研究

利用开环聚合反应制备了两亲性聚合物马来酰亚胺-聚乙二醇-聚己内酯(mal-PEG-PCL),通过1H-NMR对聚合物的结构进行了表征;以荧光染料尼罗红为探针,利用荧光分光光度法测定了聚合物的临界胶束浓度(CMC);采用透析法对脂溶性药物阿霉素(DOX)进行包载,并进一步考察载药胶束在不同pH环境下的体外释药情况。结果表明:聚合物mal-PEG-PCL的CMC为156μg·m L~(-1);载药量为14. 71%,包封率为36. 78%;体外释药初步表明36 h内载药胶束释药可达83%,并具有明显的酸响应能力。     

pH值响应聚乙二醇化壳聚糖基隐形纳米胶束的制备及其载药性能

聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG)先经过氯乙酸羧化后,再通过酰化反应接枝到双烷基壳聚糖上,制备高接枝度的N,N-双十二烷基-3,6-O-mPEG-壳聚糖(PEDLCS)双亲性衍生物,用¹H NMR、FTIR、EA等对产物进行表征,并用透析法制得PEDLCS载酮洛芬(KP)胶束。结果表明,PEDLCS在水溶液中能自组装形成胶束,CMC值为0.1170mg/mL;载药胶束的最优投料比为KP/PEDLCS=0.8:1,载药量34.48%,包封率65.78%,粒径155.1nm,Zeta电位-31.6mV。载药胶束在不同pH值条件下的响应性实验表明,随着pH值的减小,胶束的稳定性降低,胶束粒径变大,具有可逆性。pH值响应范围符合肿瘤细胞微环境(pH值为7.2～6.0),有望成为具有pH值响应主动靶向的隐形纳米胶束。     

离子液体中ATRP合成MCC-g-PMAA及其分子对阿司匹林控释的应用

以离子液体氯化1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑（[Amim]Cl）为反应介质,利用原子转移自由基聚合（atom transfer radical polymerization,ATRP）法合成了微晶纤维素接枝有聚甲基丙烯酸（MCC-g-PMAA）的pH敏感性聚合物。用透析法将模型药物阿司匹林包覆在聚合物胶束内,并对载药胶束的体外药物释放机制进行研究。通过红外、核磁、透射电镜、X射线衍射和紫外分光光度计等分析手段对聚合物的结构、胶束形貌、胶束对阿司匹林的载药性能及释药性能进行了表征分析。结果表明：聚合物胶束能够在水溶液中自组装成球状胶束,对阿司匹林具有良好的包载效果,阿司匹林在碱性条件下的累积释放量大于酸性条件,载药胶束表现出了良好的pH敏感性和药物缓释性能。     

Thermosensitive nanosized micelles from cholesteryl-modified hydroxypropyl cellulose as a novel carrier of hydrophobic drugs

The thermosensitive micelles based on the two series of cholesteryl-modified hydroxypropyl cellulose (series 1 and 2, respectively) were used as a promising drug carrier. The polymers 1a and 2a with side chain substitution degrees D _Chol?=?0.7 and 2.1?mol% were selected for micelle preparation, respectively. Polymeric micelles were prepared by the co-solvent evaporation method. The aqueous self-assembly of the polymers was studied using fluorescence analysis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) values of the various D _Chol of polymers were evaluated in the range of ca. 0.13?C0.29?g/L which decreased with the increase of D _Chol in both series. Furthermore, the CMC values displayed a downtrend profile, with increasing the temperature. The polymer 1a with less D _Chol had lower CMC than that of polymer 2a. By using the naproxen as a hydrophobic model drug, the drug-loaded micelles were prepared. The TEM image of naproxen-loaded micelles of polymer 1a with 40?% drug-loading efficiency and 8?% loading capacity showed that micelles were regularly spherical in shape with a mean diameter of 70?nm. The unmodified HPC exhibited a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of more than 41?°C in water, while polymeric micelles in aqueous solution presented an LCST of 38.7?°C. A drug release study was performed by dialysis method in phosphate-buffered solution at 25, 37 and 40?°C, respectively. The release kinetics of naproxen from the polymeric micelles revealed a thermosensitivity, since its release rate was higher at 40?°C than at 25?°C.     

Biodegradable polylactide/poly(ethylene glycol)/polylactide triblock copolymer micelles as anticancer drug carriers

Adriamycin (ADR) was selected as a model drug to evaluate the potential applications of polylactide/poly(ethylene glycol)/polylactide (PLA/PEG/PLA) micelles as drug carriers in parenteral delivery systems. The PLA/PEG/PLA triblock copolymer micelles were characterized by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy. It was found that the micelle size increased with the increasing of the PLA chain length. The average size of ADR‐loaded micelles was 143.2 nm. The histogram analysis showed that the ADR‐loaded micelles possessed a narrow unimodal size distribution. The ADR loading contents of the micelles and ADR entrapment efficiency were dependent on the PLA chain length and PEG chain length in the copolymer. They increased with the increase of the PLA chain length, but the PEG chain length was identical and decreased with the increase of the PEG chain length; the length of the PLA block was similar. The initial amount of ADR also influenced the drug contents and entrapment efficiency (i.e., the more the initial amount added, the more the drug contents and the higher encapsulation efficiency). The drug release experiments indicated that the ADR‐loaded micelles possessed sustained release characteristics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 1976–1982, 2001     

Amphiphilic biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) triblock copolymers: synthesis, characterization and their use as drug carriers for folic acid

Amphiphilic biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCEC) triblock copolymers have been successfully synthesized by the ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone (ε-CL) employing SnOct as catalyst and double-hydroxyl capped PEG (DHPEG) as macro-initiator. The triblock structure and copolymer composition were conformed by FT-IR, ¹H-NMR, and GPC. Using a membrane dialysis method, PCEC micelles were prepared with a core–shell type. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of PCEC triblock copolymers was determined by fluorescence technique using pyrene as probe, and CMC values decreased with the increase of PCL chain length. From the observation of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the morphology of polymer micelles was spherical in shape. Micelles size measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) exhibited a narrow size distribution. Folic acid (FA) was then used as a model drug to incorporate into PCEC micelles. The diameter, drug loading, and drug release rate of PCEC micelles were influenced by the feed weight ratio of FA and copolymer, and polymer composition. In addition, in vitro release experiments of the drug-loaded PCEC micelles exhibited sustained release behavior without any burst effects and the release behavior was also affected by the pH of release media.     

Self-Assembled Glucose and Thermo Dual-Responsive Micelles of an Amphiphilic Graft Copolymer

Amphiphilic copolymers P(PBA)-g-P(PEG) containing poly(phenylboronic acid) (PPBA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) side chains were synthesized by copolymerization of 4-vinylphenylboronic acid (PBA) and poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate. The surface tension results showed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of P(PBA)-g-P(PEG) was 0.09 g/L. TEM revealed that these copolymers self-assembled into regular sphere micelles above CMC. The photon correlation spectroscopy suggested that they had unique performance of thermo-induced self-assembly. Above critical micelle temperature, they self-assembled into monodisperse micelles with thermosensitivity. Hydrodynamic diameters of these micelles increased dramatically in the presence of glucose. The glucose-regulated drug release behavior was observed through UV-vis spectroscopy.     

Intelligent self-assembly prodrug micelles loading doxorubicin in response to tumor microenvironment for targeted tumors therapy

Compared with physical drug-loaded nanocarriers, polymeric prodrug micelles have many advantages such as high drug loading and enhanced stability in blood, so they have great potential in cancer therapy. However, these micelles have a big disadvantage, which cannot achieve long-term circulation in vivo and high absorption of tumor cells simultaneously, resulting in low administration efficiency and poor therapeutic effect on cancer. To solve problems of traditional polymeric prodrug micelles, novel polymeric micelles with tumor microenvironment response were designed in this work. The prodrug formed by covalently linking D-α-tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS₃₃₅₀), peptide (Pep), and doxorubicin (DOX) (TPGS₃₃₅₀-Pep-DOX) was self-assembled into micelles by encapsulating DOX physically. When the micelles entered the tumor tissue, the long-chain polyethylene glycol (PEG) was sensitively cut by the matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 (MMP2/9) enzyme, exposing the targeting molecule folate, then it entered the cell through the endocytic pathway mediated by the folate receptor. The drug loading content, encapsulation efficiency, critical micelle concentration, and invitro release of the micelles invented in this study were measured to characterize their properties. The particle size and zeta potential of micelles were characterized by dynamic light scattering. Images were scanned by transmission electron microscopes. In vitro cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and in vivo antitumor effect evaluation experiments were measured to show that smart micelles have made much progress in material chemistry and drug delivery, making it possible to apply a stimulus-response carrier drug delivery system in clinical application.     

Synthesis and characterization of brush copolymers based on methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε‐caprolactone)

Brush copolymers composed of methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) have been synthesized by the ring‐opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone initiated by hydroxyl function of thermally esterified MPEG‐citrate in presence of stannous octoate. Citric acid (CA) acts as spacer between brush‐like MPEG and the long chain of PCL. Existence of hydrophobic domains as cores of the micelles were characterized by ¹H NMR spectroscopy and further confirmed with fluorescence technique using pyrene as a probe. Critical micelle concentration (CMC) of the synthesized copolymer decreased from 0.019 to 0.0031 mg/mL on increasing the fraction of PCL. Along with the physicochemical study, the brush copolymers were explored for the preparation of nanoparticles by nanoprecipitation technique. The morphology and geometry of micelles were investigated by using DLS, AFM, and TEM. Hydrodyanamic dimensions of micelles were around 118 and 178 nm with the core size of 8–10 nm, which further aggregated to form secondary micelle of 60–90 nm. Such assembled polymeric micelles with its flexible dendritic MPEG corona could hold a promise for the immobilization (encapsulation) of hydrophobic drugs and subsequently promote sustained release so that it can be a good vehicle for anti‐cancer drug deliverance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

重组α-2b干扰素缓释微囊制备工艺及体外释药过程研究

以聚乳酸乙醇酸(PLGA)为囊材,对制备a-2b干扰素缓释微囊的工艺条件进行优化,研究了不同PLGA浓度、搅拌速度和搅拌时间对缓释微囊粒径分布、载药量、包封率和体外释药过程的影响。结果显示,在PLGA浓度为0.7gmL-1,搅拌速度2100rmin-1,搅拌时间4min条件下,制备的微囊平均粒径为2.8721m ,表面平滑、形态规整且不聚集,载药量为3.91%,包封率为85.8%,体外可连续释药10天,没有明显突释效应,释药量达93.3%,符合临床药用标准。