基于低温相变材料的电池热管理系统

一种基于低温复合相变材料的电池热管理系统,有效利用了相变材料的潜热优势,让电池模组在较低的温度区间得以快速地散热热量,以达到热管理的要求。膨胀石墨与氮化硼的加入有效减缓液化析出的同时提高了整个复合相变材料的导热系数。在4C的放电条件下,无热管理的电池模组最高温度达到了72.67℃,采取强制对流冷却的模组最高温度为57.67℃,PCM冷却方式的最高温度为54℃,相对于前者分别降低了35.6%、6.8%;其温差为3.5℃,可以满足电池模组的最大温差的要求。     

膨胀石墨/石蜡复合材料的制备及其在动力电池热管理系统中的散热特性

本文将石蜡与膨胀石墨进行复合,并经过压制工艺做成板状膨胀石墨/石蜡（简称EG/PCM）复合材料,以解决石蜡导热性能差以及相变后变成液体流动的问题。用导热分析仪和差示扫描量热仪分别测试了EG/PCM复合材料的导热性能和潜热,并用扫描电镜表征了其微观结构。将EG/PCM复合材料应用于动力电池热管理系统,对单体电池和电池模块分别利用空气冷却和EG/PCM冷却后在1.0 C和1.5 C放电倍率下进行放电,并用温度巡检仪记录电池放电过程的温度情况,对比两种散热方式对动力电池的散热效果。     

蜂窝状CPCM/水冷复合式圆柱型锂电池散热性能

为了进一步减小圆柱型锂电池在高热负荷下的温升、最大温差及轴向温差,提出一种基于石蜡/膨胀石墨(EG)的蜂窝状相变材料(PCM)水冷复合式电池散热结构.通过数值模拟,研究了环境温度40℃时,冷却液流速、微型流道数量、CPCM厚度及EG的质量分数对该系统散热性能的影响.结果表明,当液体流速超过0.05 m/s时,流速的继续...     

外翅片强化PV/PCM系统热管理性能研究

以光伏/相变材料冷却系统（PV/PCM）为研究对象,数值研究翅片间距、厚度及外翅片长度对PCM换热性能影响。结果表明,翅片间距降低和外翅片长度增加可强化光伏组件冷却,提升电池发电性能,但翅片厚度对PCM换热性能影响较小。此外,选取无外翅片（方案1）和有外翅片（方案2,间距7.3 mm、厚度2 mm和长度25 mm）做对比研究,相对于方案1,方案2融化时间延长34.6%,电效率下降速度减缓68%且180 min时电池温度降低约30 ℃。     

相变材料与水套式液冷结构耦合的圆柱型锂离子电池组热管理仿真分析

针对圆柱型锂离子电池组散热问题,设计了一种新型的相变材料(PCM)-水套式液冷耦合散热结构模型.首先研究了电池组在PCM模型的散热下,不同电池间距对电池组表面温度的影响,并得出PCM模型的最佳电池布局.然后根据PCM模型的最佳电池布局,优化PCM-水套式液冷耦合散热结构模型,即找出PCM散热模型的最佳流道结构.通过仿真分析结果表明,在6流道结构模型下,电池之间的最佳间距为8 mm;PCM-水套式液冷耦合散热模型的效果最佳,在3 C和5 C高倍率放电时,电池组的表面最高温度分别为33.78、41.11℃,相比于同尺寸PCM散热模型的最高温度,分别降低了7.23、1.06℃.采用PCM-水套式液冷耦合散热模型,电池之间的最大温差均维持在5℃以内.结果表明:该新型的PCM-水套式液冷耦合散热结构能在一定程度上保证电池组的正常工作,并提高电池组的安全性和耐用性.     

强化导热相变材料对PV/PCM热控特性影响研究

文章建立了光伏/相变材料(PV/PCM)太阳能热控系统二维模型,并根据模拟结果研究了相变材料热导率对太阳电池热控特性的影响。模拟结果表明,当PCM热导率由0.3 W/(m·K)逐渐增加至1.1 W/(m·K)时,相变材料对太阳电池的热控效果越来越好。此外,文章设计了PCM热导率分别为0.8,1.1 W/(m·K)的PV/PCM太阳能热控系统实验装置,在模拟光源和自然光条件下,对太阳能热控系统实验装置的输出功率以及太阳电池的温度进行测试。实验结果表明:在模拟光源下,与无PCM太阳电池相比,PCM热导率分别为0.8,1.1 W/(m·K)的太阳电池的最高温度分别降低了4.6,10.8℃,平均输出功率分别提高了2.2%,4.1%;在自然光条件下,与无PCM太阳电池相比,PCM热导率分别为0.8,1.1 W/(m·K)的太阳电池的最高温度分别降低了9.7,12℃,平均输出功率分别提高了3.1%,5.98%。     

建筑一体化光伏相变系统性能模拟研究

选取相变温度为42℃的相变石蜡RT-42作为相变材料,通过合理简化建立PV-PCM系统数值传热模型,运用计算流体力学模拟软件Fluent对天津地区水平放置方式的PV-PCM系统运行特性进行模拟分析与优化。结果表明:PV-PCM系统中封装材料的导热系数越大越有利于光伏降温,夏季工况下PV-PCM系统的降温和光电转换效率提升效果明显优于过渡季和冬季工况。从提高发电量的角度考虑,PV-PCM系统应选择相变温度尽量低的材料作为相变材料。夏季水平放置条件下,以最大产电特性为依据相变石蜡的适宜厚度为60 mm,此时PV-PCM系统与PV系统的最大温差能达到21.9℃,峰值温度延迟2 h,光电转换效率最大提升百分比为19.34%。     

一种新型复合相变蓄热材料的制备与表征

相变蓄热材料是太阳能高效利用的基础与关键。文章选用54%KNO_3-46%NaNO_3作为太阳能高温热电站的蓄热材料,并选用膨胀石墨作为添加剂,分别制备了膨胀石墨(EG)质量分数为1%和2%的新型太阳能复合相变蓄热材料KNO_3-NaNO_3/EG。然后利用同步热分析仪(SDT-Q600)测量上述蓄热材料的相变温度、潜热,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观测上述蓄热材料的微观结构。分析结果表明:太阳能复合相变蓄热材料KNO_3-NaNO_3/EG的相变温度为224.28℃,相变潜热为105.8 J/g;添加膨胀石墨能够明显地增强蓄热材料的导热性能,石墨对蓄热材料的熔点影响较小。     

谷电利用复合石蜡蓄热材料的制备及供暖墙体构造实验

针对石蜡作为相变蓄热材料导热性能差、供热能力不足的问题,向石蜡中添加膨胀石墨(EG)制备导热性能增强的复合相变材料(PCM),探讨EG与石蜡的配比对复合PCM热性能的影响.测试结果表明,当EG质量分数达到12％时,复合PCM的导热系数提升至纯石蜡的12倍,相变潜热从纯石蜡的190.8 J/g减小至152.1 J/g,相...     

肉豆蔻酸/膨胀石墨复合相变材料的制备及性能研究

以肉豆蔻酸(MA)为相变材料,膨胀石墨(EG)为基体,通过膨胀石墨对肉豆蔻酸的吸附作用制备一系列肉豆蔻酸/膨胀石墨(MA/EG)复合相变材料,发现肉豆蔻酸与膨胀石墨的最佳质量比为15∶1。通过SEM、DSC和蓄/放热实验对复合相变材料的微观结构和热性能进行分析表征。研究结果表明,MA均匀分布于EG的网状多孔结构中。MA/EG复合相变材料的相变温度和相变潜热分别为53.19℃和191.75 J/g,且与MA相比变化不大。蓄/放热实验结果表明,MA/EG单元蓄热时间比MA单元缩短了32.25%,放热时间比MA单元缩短了49.07%,MA/EG相变单元的蓄/放热速率较MA有很大提高。     

石墨泡沫/共晶盐复合相变材料制备

选择KNO3/NaNO3二元体系按照质量比4∶6制备共晶盐,对共晶盐进行了熔点及熔化潜热的测量;将石墨泡沫这一新型材料作为强化基体,共晶盐作为相变材料（PCM）,采用熔融浸渗法制备了适用于太阳能热发电系统储能装置的石墨泡沫/共晶盐复合相变材料。采用扫描电镜对复合相变材料表面的微观结构进行了表征,并对其熔点、潜热、等效导热系数等热物性参数进行了测试。结果表明：共晶盐与石墨泡沫复合效果比较理想;复合前后共晶盐的熔点和潜热几乎没有发生变化;复合相变材料的等效导热系数得到了显著提升,石墨泡沫对相变材料起到了导热强化作用,满足高温蓄热的要求。     

Thermal conductivity and latent heat thermal energy storage characteristics of paraffin/expanded graphite composite as phase change material

This study aimed determination of proper amount of paraffin (n-docosane) absorbed into expanded graphite (EG) to obtain form-stable composite as phase change material (PCM), examination of the influence of EG addition on the thermal conductivity using transient hot-wire method and investigation of latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) characteristics of paraffin such as melting time, melting temperature and latent heat capacity using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. The paraffin/EG composites with the mass fraction of 2%, 4%, 7%, and 10% EG were prepared by absorbing liquid paraffin into the EG. The composite PCM with mass fraction of 10% EG was considered as form-stable allowing no leakage of melted paraffin during the solid–liquid phase change due to capillary and surface tension forces of EG. Thermal conductivity of the pure paraffin and the composite PCMs including 2, 4, 7 and 10 wt% EG were measured as 0.22, 0.40, 0.52, 0.68 and 0.82 W/m K, respectively. Melting time test showed that the increasing thermal conductivity of paraffin noticeably decreased its melting time. Furthermore, DSC analysis indicated that changes in the melting temperatures of the composite PCMs were not considerable, and their latent heat capacities were approximately equivalent to the values calculated based on the mass ratios of the paraffin in the composites. It was concluded that the composite PCM with the mass fraction of 10% EG was the most promising one for LHTES applications due to its form-stable property, direct usability without a need of extra storage container, high thermal conductivity, good melting temperature and satisfying latent heat storage capacity.     

Numerical analysis of an integrated storage solar heater

This work aims to evaluate the performance of an integrated phase change material (PCM) solar collector. The dynamic behavior of the system is investigated via a theoretical model based on the first law of thermodynamics and oriented to deliver a maximum outlet water temperature. A parametric study is used to assess the effects of the inlet water temperature, the PCM thicknesses and properties and the mass flow rates on the outlet water temperature and the melt fraction. A comparison with a conventional solar water heater without heat storage is made. Results indicate that charging and discharging processes of PCM offer six stages. It is observed that the complete solidification time is longer than the melting one. The latent heat storage system increases the heating requirements at night. The rise is most enhanced for higher inlet water temperature, melting PCM temperature and PCM thickness and for lower mass flow rate.     

Increasing the efficiency of PV panel with the use of PCM

The article presents how to increase electrical efficiency and power output of photovoltaic (PV) panel with the use of a phase change material (PCM). The focus of the work is in experimental setup and simulation heat extraction from the PV panel with the use of TRNSYS software. A modification of PV panel Canadian Solar CS6P-M was made with a phase change material RT28HC. The actual data of cell temperature of a PV panel with and without PCM were given and compared. A simulation of both PV panels in TRNSYS software was performed, followed by the comparison of results with the simulation and experimental actual data. The experimental results show that the maximum temperature difference on the surface of PV panel without PCM was 35.6 °C higher than on a panel with PCM in a period of one day. Referring to experimental results the calculation of the maximum and average increase of electrical efficiency was made for PV-PCM panel with TRNSYS software. Final results of simulation shows that the electricity production of PV-PCM panel for a city of Ljubljana was higher for 7.3% in a period of one year.     

石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变储热材料的研究

以膨胀石墨为基体,石蜡为相变储热介质,利用膨胀石墨对石蜡良好的吸附性能,制备出了石蜡／膨胀 石墨复合相变储热材料。由于毛细作用力和表面张力的作用,石蜡在固-液相变时,很难从膨胀石墨的微孔中渗 透出来。实验结果表明,石蜡/膨胀石墨复合相变储热材料没有改变膨胀石墨的结构和石蜡的固-液相变温度, 且其结合了石墨高的导热系数和石蜡大的相变潜热,因而储热密度较高,导热性能好。其相变潜热与对应质量 分率下的石蜡相当,储/放热时间比石蜡明显减少。     

Photo-to-thermal conversion and energy storage of lauric acid/expanded graphite composite phase change materials

To make better use of solar energy, lauric acid/expanded graphite (LA/EG) composite phase change materials (PCMs) were synthesized to collect and store solar energy as latent heat thermal energy. The results of thermal characteristics show that when the mass fraction of EG is 5%, 10%, and 15%, the latent heat of LA/EG is 164.5, 156.9, and 148.0 J/g, and the thermal conductivity is 2.73, 7.98, and 10.54 W/(m·K). Leakage test shows that LA/EG PCMs with EG mass fraction of 10% and 15% are form stable after phase change. One thousand thermal cycles prove good thermal reliability of LA/EG. TG analysis indicates LA/EG PCMs have good thermal stability within operating temperature range. The Ultraviolet-visible spectra reveal that the absorbance of LA/EG composite PCMs would increase as the mass fraction of EG increases. Photothermal conversion experiment results indicate that the photothermal conversion efficiency of LA/EG composite PCMs increases as the mass fraction of EG increases, and the efficiency can reach 95% when the mass fraction of EG is 15%. Moreover, it was also found that the process of photothermal conversion can be accelerated with stronger illumination intensity or smaller heat transfer size. All the results show that the prepared LA/EG PCMs can convert solar energy into thermal energy and store it in the form of latent heat at the same time, which indicates it has promising prospect in the application of solar energy conversion and storage.     

Structure and thermal properties of expanded graphite/paraffin composite phase change material

Different contents of expanded graphite (EG) composite phase change material (PCM) were prepared by the melt mixing method, taking paraffin as the PCM and EG as the supporting material. Phase compositions of EG, paraffin, and EG/paraffin composite were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microstructures of EG and EG/paraffin composite PCMs with different EG contents were observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Thermal properties, such as phase-transition temperature and latent heat of the materials, were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Mass loss and thermal properties after 100 heating cycles were measured. The results show that physical absorption exists between paraffin and EG. EG is beneficial for the PCM composite to reduce leakage of paraffin, decrease the phase change temperature and latent heat, and strengthen the thermal stability. The solid–liquid phase change latent heat of materials is larger than that of the solid–solid one. The heating cycle has little effect on the phase-transition temperature and latent heat.     

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)/diatomite composite as a novel form-stable phase change material for thermal energy storage

This paper deals with the preparation, characterization, and determination of thermal energy storage properties of polyethylene glycol (PEG)/diatomite composite as a novel form-stable composite phase change material (PCM). The composite PCM was prepared by incorporating PEG in the pores of diatomite. The PEG could be retained by 50 wt% into pores of the diatomite without the leakage of melted PEG from the composite. The composite PCM was characterized by using SEM and FT-IR analysis technique. Thermal properties of the composite PCM were determined by DSC analysis. DSC results showed that the melting temperature and latent heat of the composite PCM are 27.70 °C and 87.09 J/g, respectively. Thermal cycling test was conducted to determine the thermal reliability of the composite PCM and the results showed that the composite PCM had good thermal reliability and chemical stability. TG analysis showed that the impregnated PEG into the diatomite had good thermal stability. Thermal conductivity of the composite PCM was improved by adding expanded graphite in different mass fractions. Thermal energy storage performance of the composite PCM was also tested.     

复合相变蓄能材料的制备及性能研究

综述了相变蓄能材料的研究进展,介绍了相变蓄能材料的种类和特点。阐述了溶胶一凝胶法的基本原理和特性,并用这一方法制备了两种有机-无机复合相变蓄能材料。对实验制备的新材料进行了差示扫描量热分析（DSC）、扫描电镜分析（SEM）,分析结果表明：经过有机-无机复合的相变蓄能材料具有较高的蓄热能力。两种新材料的相变热分别达到147.577 J/g和253.407 J/g,同时,该材料具有较好的热稳定性,是令人满意的复合相变材料,可广泛应用于太阳能利用、工业废热、余热回收系统。