定向凝固NiAl—28Cr—5.5Mo-0.5Hf合金中Ni_2AlHf相和Ni_(16)Hf_6Si_7相的研究

少量的Ｈｆ（０．５％）加入到定向凝固的ＮｉＡｌ－Ｃｒ（Ｍｏ）合金中,会产生Ｈｅｕｓｌｅｒ相Ｎｉ２ＡｌＨｆ,该相呈网状分布在ＮｉＡｌ／Ｃｒ（Ｍｏ）相界面区域．Ｎｉ２ＡｌＨｆ与ＮｉＡｌ之间不存在固定的晶体学取向关系,但有时也发现二者存在立方－立方取向关系：［１１１］ＮｉＡｌ［１１１］Ｈ,（１０１）ＮｉＡｌ／／（２０２）Ｈ,并通过高分辨电子显微照片分析了二者界面的精细结构由于定向凝固过程中,Ｓｉ元素进入到合金中,所以在此合金中发现了Ｇ－相Ｎｉ１６Ｈｆ６Ｓｉ７．细小弥散的Ｎｉ１６Ｈｆ６Ｓｉ７相呈立方体形状,与Ｎｉ２ＡｌＨｆ相相伴分布在ＮｉＡｌ／Ｃｒ（Ｍｏ）相界面附近同时讨论ＴＮｉＡｌ／Ｎｉ２ＡｌＨｆ及ＮｉＡｌ／Ｎｉ１６Ｈｆ６Ｓｉ７的界面能量,Ｎｉ１６Ｈｆ６Ｓｉ７相在ＮｉＡｌ中析出的惯习面和Ｎｉ２ＡｌＨｆ相及Ｎｉ１６Ｈｆ６Ｓｉ７相分布形态的成因     

NiAl-28Cr-6Mo共晶合金的高温氧化行为

本文采用恒温氧化实验方法,在900～1150℃下测试了NiAl-28Cr-6Mo共晶合金的氧化性能,分析了合金的氧化动力学,SEM观测了合金表面以及横截面的形貌.研究表明,NiAl-28Cr-6Mo共晶合金在900～1100℃下合金表面生成了连续的Al2O3氧化膜,具有较好的抗氧化性能;900～1000℃氧化膜主要由θ...     

NiAl-31Cr-3Mo共晶合金的高温氧化行为

本文采用恒温氧化实验方法,在900 ～ 1150℃下测试了NiAl-31Cr-3Mo共晶合金的氧化性能,分析了合金的氧化动力学;SEM观测了合金表面以及横截面的形貌.研究表明,共晶合金表面在900～ 1100℃下形成了连续的Al2O3氧化膜,表现出一定的抗氧化性能;共晶合金表面在1150℃下未形成完整的Al2O3氧化膜...     

1.25Cr-0.5Mo钢热处理后的组织与力学性能

利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜和力学试验机研究了3种正火组织的1.25Cr-0.5Mo钢在回火和模拟焊后热处理过程中的组织和力学性能演变.结果表明:1.25Cr-0.5Mo钢粗大的铁素体+珠光体组织经模拟焊后热处理,大量粗大的碳化物沿晶界析出,显著降低钢的冲击性能,铁素体晶内细小弥散碳化物的析出略微改善了钢的强度;贝氏体组织...     

回火温度和时间对2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢组织和性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验和冲击试验等方法,研究了2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢分别在690 ℃和705 ℃回火1~150 h条件下的显微组织、力学性能及断口形貌的变化。结果表明,回火温度及回火时间对钢的显微组织、强度及韧性指标影响很大。在本试验温度范围内,显微组织中碳化物随着回火时间的延长由条状逐渐球化,并逐渐向晶界聚集;强度指标随着回火时间的延长呈现先急剧下降后逐渐稳定的趋势;韧性指标随着回火时间的延长先升高后下降并稳定的趋势。试验钢在回火温度690 ℃和705 ℃的断面收缩率及冲击韧性指标随回火时间的变化趋势相同。     

热处理工艺对2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢焊缝组织和力学性能的影响

采用光学金相显微镜、扫描电镜观察,测试力学性能,研究不同焊后热处理对2.25Cr-1Mo-0.25V钢焊缝力学性能、夏比冲击吸收能量和显微组织的影响。结果表明,回火参数增加,焊缝力学性能提高。焊态硬度最高,冲击吸收能量最小,组织主要为板条贝氏体,贝氏体粗大且板条平行;最小焊后热处理后硬度下降,冲击吸收能量提高,组织为板条贝氏体和粒状贝氏体;最大焊后热处理后焊缝硬度和母材近似相同,冲击吸收能量均在153 J以上,板条贝氏体细化,粒状贝氏体增加,焊缝的力学性能相对最好。     

Effect of high pressure on microstructure of cast Mg-8Zn-0.5Zr-0.5Gd alloy

Mg-8Zn-0.5Zr-0.5Gd alloy was prepared by high pressure solidification. Effect of high pressure on microstructure, micro-hardness and corrosion behavior in Hank's solution of the Mg-8Zn-0.5Zr-0.5Gd alloy were investigated by means of optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy(EDS), and X-ray diffractometer(XRD). The results showed that, compared with the conventional solidification, high pressure solidification obviously refined the grain size of Mg-8Zn-0.5Zr-0.5Gd alloy. The grain size was refined from 200-300 μm to 100-200 μm and the secondary dendrite arm spacing reduced from 30-50 μm to 10-30 μm. Moreover, the solubility of Zn in the alloy increased and the amount and size of Mg-Zn-Gd phases significantly decreased. The micro-hardness of the alloy solidified under high pressure was improved significantly from 56.17 HV to 63.14 HV. The polarization resistance(Rp) of the alloy had a substantial increase in simulated body fl uid, thus the corrosion rate was significantly reduced from 4.0 to 2.7 mm·year-1.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy melted in various crucibles

The main factors limiting the mass production of TiAl-based components are the high reactivity of TiAl-based alloys with the crucible or mould at high temperature.In this work,various crucibles (e.g.CaO,Y2O3 ceramic crucibles and water-cooled copper crucible) were used to fabricate the Ti-47Al-2Cr-2Nb alloy in a vacuum induction furnace.The effects of crucible materials and melting parameters on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were analyzed by means of microstructure observation,chemical analysis,tensile test and fracture surface observation.The possibilities of melting TiAl alloys in crucibles made of CaO and Y2O3 refractory materials were also discussed.     

Hf含量对NbMo0.5HfxTiZrCrAl难熔高熵合金组织及力学性能的影响

采用真空非自耗电弧熔炼的方法制备了5种名义成分为NbMo0.5HfxTiZrCrAl(x=0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, at.%)的难熔高熵合金。研究了Hf对合金组织及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：添加Hf和不添加Hf的合金的微观组织均由两种BCC相（即BCC1和BCC2）和Laves相构成。在未添加Hf的合金中,BCC1相中主要富含Zr、Cr和Al元素,BCC2相中主要富含Nb、Ti和Mo元素。而在添加Hf的合金中,BCC1相中主要富含Hf、Zr、Cr、Mo和Al元素,BCC2相中主要富含Nb和Ti元素。随着Hf含量的增加,BCC1相的含量逐渐增加,且BCC1和BCC2相的晶格常数均有所增大。此外,随着Hf含量的增加,合金的硬度和脆性均逐渐增加,而合金在1200 ℃的抗压强度逐渐降低。     

Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Zr合金的热压缩变形行为

通过热压缩试验研究了Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Zr合金在600~750 ℃/0.001~1.0 s^-1时的热变形行为。结果表明,Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Zr合金的高温流变应力,动态再结晶临界值和动态再结晶软化效应与变形温度和应变速率密切相关。利用Arrhenius方程计算了Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Zr合金的热激活能Q和Z参数,分别为244.94 kJ/mol、Z=ε·exp(244.94×10³/RT)。采用3种方法进行了动态再结晶临界值的计算,结果证明Poliak-Jonas准则具有最高的精度,并建立了动态再结晶临界值的本构方程。利用动态再结晶的净软化效应η值,讨论了热变形过程中动态再结晶的软化行为。最后,建立了Cu-0.5Cr-0.1Zr合金的热加工图,确定最佳的热加工参数为680~750 ℃,0.001~0.03 s^-1,并详细介绍了功率耗散系数与动态再结晶晶粒尺寸之间的关系。     

双时效对Ti-4Al-5Mo-6Cr-5V-1Nb合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

研究了固溶、固溶后单时效以及固溶后双时效处理对Ti-4Al-5Mo-6Cr-5V-1Nb合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,820℃下固溶0.5 h后,合金中的α相完全溶解;单/双时效合金的硬度均随时效时间增加先升高后降低;合金经300℃/8 h+500℃/8 h双时效处理后可达到4580 MPa的峰值硬度(HV),1462 MPa抗拉强度以及3.4%延伸率,其强度比原始合金高6%,也高于单时效合金。界面能计算结果表明ω相使α相形核的阻力降低50%,促进了α相的析出并细化α板条,从而提升合金的硬度,强度及塑性。     

Mg-5.5Al-0.5Y-xSm合金的显微组织和力学性能

采用XRD、OM、SEM和EDS等手段研究了Mg-5.5Al-0.5Y-xSm(x=0~2.0%)合金的显微组织和力学性能。实验结果表明,加入适量的Sm后,合金晶粒和Al2Y相得到细化,Mg17Al12相数量减少,同时基体中出现高熔点相Al2Sm相。随着Sm含量的增加,合金的室温(25℃)和高温(150℃和175℃)力学性能先升高后降低,且在Sm含量为1%时达到最佳。     

Isothermal compression behavior and constitutive modeling of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy

Hot compression behavior of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy with an equiaxed (α+β) starting microstructure was investigated by isothermal compression test and optical microscopy. Based on the true strain–stress data with temperature correction, constitutive models with a high accuracy were developed and processing maps were established. Strain inhomogeneity at different locations in the compressed sample is reduced by raising temperature, leading to a uniform distribution of α phases. For the temperature range of 800–840 °C with a strain rate of 10 s^?1, the transformed volume fraction of α phase increases and the average grain size of α phase decreases slightly with increasing the temperature, indicating co-existence of dynamic recovery and dynamic recrystallization. Flow localization and faint β grain boundaries are observed at the strain rate of 10 s^?1 in the temperature range of 860–900 °C. The processing map analysis shows that hot working of Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe alloy should be conducted with the strain rate lower than 0.01 s^?1 to extend its workability.     

反复镦拔对Ni-20Cr-11Co-8Mo-4W合金组织和性能的影响

研究了反复镦拔工艺对Ni-20Cr-11Co-8Mo-4W合金组织和力学性能的影响。对Ni-20Cr-11Co-8Mo-4W合金反复镦拔前后的径向微观组织进行了金相、扫描电镜观察和分析,并对试验合金反复镦拔前后的室温冲击断口形貌进行了观察和分析。研究结果表明,采用反复镦拔工艺可以明显改善Ni-20Cr-11Co-8Mo-4W合金的微观组织,从而提高合金的力学性能。     

强磁场对Ni33Al28Cr5.5Mo0.5Hf合金微观组织及室温力学性能的影响

研究了Ni33Al28Cr5.5Mo0.5Hf合金在900℃10T强磁场处理后的微观组织及室温力学性能，发现合金经强磁场处理后室温抗弯强度提高约75％，抗拉强度提高1倍多。强磁场处理使合金中Hf元素在NiAl/Cr（mo）相界处析出的块状Heusler相部分溶解，弥散分布在Cr（Mo）相界处的小颗粒几乎全部固溶至NiAl相基体。Heusler相在晶界处析出可能是导致合金室温强度低、韧性差的主要原因，强磁场处理改善了这一情形，使合金固溶强化加强，提高其力学性能。     

A study of microstructure and properties of cast Fe-10Cr-1.5B alloy

In the present study, the microstructure and mechanical properties of cast Fe-10Cr-1.5B（FCB） alloy after different heat treatments were studied. The results showed that the as-cast microstructure of FCB alloy consists of α-Fe, M（M=Cr, Fe, Mn）2（B, C） and M（M=Cr, Fe, Mn）7（C, B）3 type borocarbides, and small amounts of pearlite and austenite. After oil quenching treatment, metal matrix transformed into the martensite from the mixture of martensite, pearlite and austenite. There are many M（M=Cr,Fe,Mn）23（C,B）6 type borocarbide precipitates in the metal matrix, and eutectic borocarbide appears with an apparent disconnection and isolated phenomenon. When the quenching temperature reaches 1,050℃, the hardness of FCB alloy is the highest, but the change of quenching temperature has no obvious effect on impact toughness of FCB alloy. After tempering, the eutectic microstructure of FCB alloy appears with a ＂two links＂ trend. With the increase of tempering temperature, the hardness of FCB alloy decreases gradually and impact toughness increases gradually. Cast FCB alloy oil-quenched from 1,050℃ and tempered from 200℃ has excellent combined properties; its hardness and impact toughness are 61.5 HRC and 8.8 J·cm^-2 respectively.     

22Cr-25Ni奥氏体耐热钢高温时效的组织及性能

通过对新型22Cr-25Ni奥氏体耐热钢经650 ℃、700 ℃高温时效不同时间后进行硬度、室温拉伸、冲击试验,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜观察了其显微组织和室温冲击断口,研究了22Cr-25Ni钢时效后力学性能变化情况。结果表明,22Cr-25Ni钢经高温时效后,硬度、室温拉伸强度得到强化,在时效1000 h后达到最大值之后趋于稳定,22Cr-25Ni钢同时具有明显的时效脆性倾向,冲击吸收能量下降幅度较大,650 ℃时效100 h后冲击吸收能量由时效前的198 J下降到111 J,700 ℃时效100 h后冲击吸收能量仅为47 J,随着时效时间继续增加,当时效3000 h后冲击吸收能量减少到20 J,随后趋于稳定。22Cr-25Ni钢在高温时效后的力学性能变化主要是由CrNbN(Z相)、M₂₃C₆、MX这3种析出相的共同作用造成的。     

熔体热速处理对铸造Mg合金组织和力学性能的影响

研究了熔体过热和热速处理对AZ91铸造Mg Al Zn合金组织和力学性能的影响。在含有Mn和钢坩埚内壁未刷有涂料的前提下 ,熔体温度 (82 0℃ )不够高时 ,会引起晶粒的粗化 ;熔体温度 (870℃ )足够高时 ,镁合金结晶晶核的增加引起了基体组织的细化 ,同时组织中的γ强化相比未高温过热时弥散、均匀 ;热速处理后组织部分保留了高温过热时的特性 ,从而使镁合金的力学性能和铸件质量得到提高。     

铸态和热处理态Ti-6.55Al-3.41Mo-1.77Zr合金微观组织和力学性能

采用真空感应熔炼炉将成分为Ti-6.55Al-3.41Mo-1.77Zr（质量分数）的α＋β钛合金在石墨模具中浇铸成棒材。铸态棒材在700°C下热锻后,通过两种不同的热处理后,分别得到细小和粗大的层片状结构。结果表明：铸态组织的晶粒尺寸约为660μm,而锻造后样品具有细小的晶粒尺寸,约为50μm。在1050°C热处理后的α＋β钛合金具有细小的层片状结构,得到最佳的硬度、拉伸性能和耐磨性。在800°C热处理后的α＋β钛合金具有粗大的层片状结构,具有最大的抗压强度。具有细小层片状结构的热处理态α＋β钛合金的磨损率较小,而铸态α＋β钛合金由于具有粗大和不均匀的微观组织,因此磨损率较大。