喉返神经监测仪在da Vinci机器人甲状腺癌手术中的应用

目的　探讨喉返神经监测技术在da Vinci机器人甲状腺癌手术中的安全性及有效性。方法　采用前瞻性研究方法,对济南军区总医院甲状腺乳腺外科2016年11月 ~ 2017 年12月行da Vinci机器人甲状腺癌手术的患者随机分配,神经监测组80例患者（观察组）,87例患者未使用神经监测仪（对照组）。对两组患者的喉返神经（recurrent laryngeal nerve,RLN）显露时间、手术时间、喉返神经损伤率（永久性/暂时性）、术中出血量、术后总引流量、住院费用以及术后 6 个月随访噪音障碍指数（voice handicap index,VHI）进行对比分析。结果　两组患者RLN损伤率（永久性/暂时性）、术中出血量、术后总引流量以及术后 6个月随访VHI等差异均无统计学意义（P 均＞0.05）。两组患者住院费用、RLN显露时间及手术时间差异均有统计学意义（P 均＜0.05）。结论　用探测夹直接连接3臂金属杆监测RLN功能,对术中快速寻找和保护RLN有重要价值,节省手术时间。     

显微镜下喉返神经解剖在甲状腺手术中的应用

目的:探讨显微镜下解剖喉返神经(RLN)在甲状腺手术中的应用.方法:回顾性分析292例不同类型的甲状腺手术,术前均经喉镜检查声带运动正常,术中均常规显微镜下解剖RLN.结果:共显露RLN 402根,暂时性RLN损伤3例(0.75%),无一例发生永久性RLN损伤.结论:甲状腺手术中应常规显露RLN,显微镜下解剖RLN及其分支可有效避免RLN的损伤,尤其适用于多次手术后复发或甲状腺癌的患者.     

喉返神经的解剖显露在甲状腺手术中的价值

目的 探讨甲状腺手术喉返神经（RLN）的解剖特点和方法，以减少神经的损伤。方法 回顾分析2000年1月-2005年10月256例甲状腺手术的临床资料，常规显露RLN201例（211条），不显露RLN55例，并对RLN解剖特点、损伤情况和预防进行分析。结果 显露RLN者暂时性损伤率为1．00％（2／201），无永久性损伤；未显露者暂时性损伤率为7．27％（4／55），永久性损损伤率为3．64％（2／55），两组暂时性损伤率之间和永久性损伤率之间经统计学处理差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。“非返性喉下神经”发生率为0．95％（2／211）；67．30％（142／211）RLN在入喉前有分支，59．24％（125／211）的RLN位于甲状腺下动脉的深面，30．81％（65／211）位于动脉的浅面，5．68％（12／211）穿行于动脉的分叉处，4．27％（9／211）与动脉无关。结论 RLN的行程过程中解剖关系较为复杂；甲状腺手术中有计划显露RLN可以预防其损伤。     

人乳头状瘤病毒相关口咽鳞状细胞癌的特点及临床分析

目的 分析人乳头状瘤病毒（HPV）相关口咽鳞状细胞癌（OPSCC）的临床特点,探讨不同治疗方案对OPSCC患者生活质量的影响,以期更好地指导制定临床治疗方案并判断预后。方法 收集2014年1月-2019年1月在北京友谊医院诊治的38例OPSCC患者临床资料,男31例,女7例;其中扁桃体癌24例、舌根癌14例;HPV阳性患者13例,阴性患者25例;I、II期患者10例,III、IV期患者28例。38例患者中行同步放化疗4例,单纯根治性放疗2例,手术加术后放疗或放化疗27例,诱导化疗+术前放疗+手术或术后补充放疗5例。采用χ²检验分析HPV感染的临床特点,采用Kaplan-Meier法、Log-rank单因素分析和Cox回归模型多因素分析法计算生存率和预后相关因素分析;非参数秩和检验进行生活质量分析。结果 在OPSCC患者中,非吸烟、饮酒患者HPV阳性率更高（P=0.014,P=0.049）,HPV相关OPSCC患者更易发生颈部淋巴结转移（P=0.032）。HPV阳性以及肿瘤分期I、II患者总生存率更高（P=0.003,P=0.006）,且为影响患者预后的独立危险因素。3种治疗方案患者总生存率差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,但同步放化疗患者吞咽功能障碍更显著,差异存在统计学意义（P=0.002）。结论 HPV相关OPSCC患者中多为非吸烟、饮酒的人群,更容易发生颈部淋巴结转移,但预后相对较好。可考虑降级治疗以保护患者的吞咽功能,改善治疗后的生活质量。     

初次甲状腺癌术后声带麻痹模型预测分析

目的 构建初次行甲状腺癌手术患者术后声带麻痹情况的预测模型,预测声带麻痹发生几率。方法 回顾性分析2012年1月—2022年2月收集的394例甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,根据术后有无声带麻痹分为声带麻痹组与无声带麻痹组。根据时间顺序,将2012年1月—2021年5月收集的358例患者作为建模组,2021年6月—2022年2月收集的36例患者作为验证组,运用单因素及多因素,分析两组临床患者基本资料,选择最合适的自变量构建Logistic回归模型,分析甲状腺癌术后声带麻痹的影响因素。内部通过十折交叉验证,外部验证通过比较建模组及验证组的区分度、校准度及临床有效性,绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线、校准曲线及临床决策曲线,评估Logistic回归模型预测价值,计算约登指数、灵敏度、特异度、预测概率P值,根据P=1/1+e^-y,计算出Y值,最后绘制Nomogram图。结果 394例患者均一次完成甲状腺癌手术切除,术后41例患者发生声带麻痹,声带麻痹发生率为10.4%。Logistic回归模型可知喉返神经入喉处是否粘连(OR=11.804,95%CI为3.078~45.273)、术前Tg(OR=0.021,95%CI为0.002~0.202)、是否贴近喉返神经(OR=20.984,95%CI为2.058~214.007)、手术时间(OR=2.768,95%CI为1.122~6.829)是甲状腺癌术后声带麻痹的独立预测因素。十折交叉验证显示ROC曲线下面积为0.7284,建模组ROC曲线下面积为0.794 3(95%CI为0.716~0.872),验证组ROC曲线下面积为0.772 2(95%CI为0.526~1);Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检测显示模型拟合较好,建模组Chi-Square=1.1,P=0.981 6,验证组Chi-Square=3.87,P=0.567 7;约登指数最大为0.188,此时灵敏度为0.57,特异度为0.62,ROC曲线下面积为0.59,P=0.216,为最佳临界值,根据P=1/1+e^-y,此时Y=-1.25。结论 本回归模型预测准确度较好,对甲状腺癌术后预防声带麻痹的发生具有一定的参考意义。     

鼻内镜下高选择性翼管神经切断术治疗变应性鼻炎

目的 分析鼻内镜下高选择性翼管神经切断术对中重度持续变应性鼻炎（AR）的疗效和安全性。方法 选取2018年1月—2019年9月华中科技大学协和深圳医院就诊的伴中重度持续性AR的鼻中隔偏曲患者60例为研究对象，依据随机数字表法分成对照组（26例）和治疗组（34例）。对照组患者采取鼻内镜鼻中隔矫正术治疗鼻中隔偏曲，治疗组在鼻中隔矫正基础上开展高选择性翼管神经切断，包含鼻后神经及翼管神经咽支切断术，术后1、3、6个月对患者进行定期随访，分别对两组患者手术前后鼻炎用药评分（TRMS）、视觉模拟量表（VAS）、鼻结膜炎生活质量量表（RQLQ）评分进行评估，并记录患者局部、全身不良反应出现情况。结果 随访6个月，对研究终止时随访成功且临床资料完整的46例患者进行分析，其中治疗组26例，对照组20例。两组患者术前TRMS、VAS及RQLQ评分比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）；两组患者术后1、3、6个月VAS及RQLQ评分与治疗前比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05），且治疗组术后1、3、6个月VAS及RQLQ评分评分低于对照组，术后3、6个月TRMS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组患者术后1个月的TRMS评分对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。对照组手术前后TRMS评分对比差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），治疗组术后3、6个月TRMS评分低于术前（P<0.05）。治疗组并发症发生和对照组比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论 鼻内镜下高选择性翼管神经切断术是治疗中重度持续性AR一种安全、有效的手术方式。     

分化型甲状腺癌组织中β-连环蛋白和维生素D受体的表达及其与术后复发关系的探讨

目的 探讨分化型甲状腺癌组织中β-连环蛋白（β-catenin）和维生素D受体（VDR）表达,并分析其与术后复发的关系。方法 回顾性分析2009年7月-2015年7月收治的185例分化型甲状腺癌患者的临床资料,均接受手术切除治疗,其中甲状腺全切/次全切术101例,术中实施颈淋巴结清扫术者82例;腺叶加峡叶切除术80例,术中实施颈淋巴结清扫术者65例;局部广泛切除术4例,均于术中实施颈淋巴结清扫术。采用免疫组化法（SP）检测癌组织和切缘正常组织β-catenin、VDR表达,对比其阳性表达率;对比复发与未复发患者癌组织β-catenin、VDR阳性表达率;分析影响患者术后复发的危险因素。结果 癌组织β-catenin、VDR蛋白阳性表达率分别为75.68%、35.68%,切缘正常组织分别为62.70%、67.03%,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;术后随访1~10.5年,平均（4.52±1.01）年,复发率为10.81%,复发患者癌组织β-catenin蛋白阳性表达率高于未复发患者（P<0.05）,VDR蛋白阳性表达率低于未复发患者（P<0.05）;III期、腺叶加峡叶切除术、癌组织β-catenin蛋白阳性表达、癌组织VDR蛋白阴性表达均是分化型甲状腺癌患者术后复发的独立危险因素（P<0.05）,而术中实施颈淋巴结清扫术、术后辅助治疗均是其保护因素。结论 分化型甲状腺癌组织中β-catenin蛋白阳性表达率较切缘正常组织高,VDR蛋白阳性表达率则较低,且复发患者更甚,癌组织β-catenin蛋白阳性表达、VDR蛋白阴性表达与III期、腺叶加峡叶切除术均是其危险因素,且术中实施颈淋巴结清扫术、术后辅助治疗可降低复发风险。     

甲状腺手术中喉返神经显露的意义

目的阐明甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经（recurrent laryngeal nerve,RLN）的优点。方法在452例不同类型的甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经,手术前后喉镜检查声带运动情况。结果共显露喉返神经748根,暂时性喉返神经损伤14例（占1．88％）,永久性损伤2例（占0．27％）。结论甲状腺手术中显露喉返神经可有效防止其损伤并有利于手术疗效。     

高选择性鼻后神经丛切断术治疗中重度常年性变应性鼻炎近期疗效观察

目的 探讨鼻内镜下高选择性鼻后神经丛切断术治疗中重度常年性变应性鼻炎（AR）的方法及疗效。方法 对30例经规范的药物和（或）免疫治疗1年以上疗效欠佳的中重度常年性AR患者作为观察组,实施双侧鼻内镜下高选择性鼻后神经丛切断术;选取同一时期上述疗效欠佳的30例AR患者作为对照组,继续接受药物治疗。根据中重度常年性AR的诊断和疗效评定标准对主要症状进行治疗前后VAS评分,通过积分法评估手术效果。结果 术后1年进行随访评价,对照组有效6例,无效24例,总有效率20.00%;观察组有效29例,无效1例,总有效率96.7%,两组间疗效差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;观察组鼻塞、鼻漏、喷嚏VAS评分较对照组低（P<0.05）,症状较对照组改善显著。所有患者随访期间均未出现活动性鼻出血、干眼及腭部麻木等并发症。结论 鼻内镜下高选择性鼻后神经丛切断术治疗中重度常年性AR短期内疗效确切,能够完全切断鼻后神经的3个主要分支及细小分支,有效避免损伤翼腭窝内容物,降低术后并发症发生率。     

甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的探讨

探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的原因和预防措施。分析了３６８例甲状腺手术，暂时性喉返神经麻痹３例（０．８２％），未发生一例永久性喉返神经麻痹。术中喉返神经是否暴露，采用具体情况区别对待方法，对大多数甲状腺良性病变（８９．１％），尽可能术中不暴露喉返神经，但对于较大的结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤和再次手术病例，术中应暴露喉返神经；甲状腺癌术中常规暴露喉返神经。作者认为，只要掌握手术操作要领，熟悉喉返神经解剖和变异，喉返神经损伤，特别是永久性损伤是完全可以预防的     

Intraoperative nerve monitoring reduces recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in geriatric patients undergoing thyroid surgery

Objective: This research was aimed to investigate whether the intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) can reduce the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury in geriatric patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 522 geriatric patients undergoing thyroid surgery between January 2013 and June 2016 in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. Patients with IONM during the surgery (n?=?340) were compared with patients without IONM (n?=?212). RLN injury was verified by direct or indirect laryngoscope and relative factors for injury would be retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The use of IONM group showed significant reduction in both total and transient RLN injury incidence, when compared with that in control group (1.76 versus 4.72%, p?=?.01 and 1.32 versus 3.67%, p?=?.03, respectively). However, the permanent RLN injury incidence did not show difference between the two groups (p?=?.3).

Conclusions: Our finding showed the use of IONM resulted in significantly reduction in RLN injury incidence. The technology of IONM is safe and convenient to detect, track and monitor the complete function of RLN and to provide the guidance for the surgeons during the thyroid surgery in geriatric patients, who are at high risk of RLN injury.     

A study of routine exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery

One of the main complications of thyroid surgery is injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), which causes severe morbidity to the patient in postoperative period. To find out the incidence of RLN injury and its consequences, a prospective study was done in a group of 142 cases during the years 1999–2000. Different types of thyroidectomies for various diseases lbw of the thyroid gland, wherein a routine identification and exposure of the P-R was done through out its full course till its entry into the larynx at cricothyroid membrane. Three cases of temporary RLN injury were found and not a single case of permanent nerve injury was seen during our study. Three cases of nonre current LN were found on the right side of the gland. The temporary injury of the nerve completely recovered during 2–5 months of follow-up. We present some reviews of the literature to provide various authors, views and experiences regarding injury of RLN associated with thyroid urgery.     

喉返神经解剖在甲状腺手术中的意义

目的探讨甲状腺术中解剖喉返神经(recurrent laryngeal nerve,RLN)在预防神经损伤中的作用。方法回顾分析174例甲状腺肿瘤,84例术中常规解剖喉返神经,90例按传统方法对喉返神经行径区进行保护,未解剖喉返神经。结果解剖喉返神经组神经暂时性损伤1例,无永久性损伤病例,总损伤率为1.2%;未解剖喉返神经组暂时性损伤3例,永久性损伤3例,总损伤率为6.7%,经统计学处理(x2检验),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论甲状腺手术中解剖喉返神经能减少喉返神经的损伤,但术者需充分掌握神经行径的解剖特点,术中正确地辨认喉返神经。     

Value of recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in the operative strategy during total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to assess the role of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) monitoring in the operative strategy during total thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy. Due to the risk of serious respiratory complications of bilateral recurrent nerve paralysis, two-stage surgery may be considered in the case on negative stimulation of the first side.Patients and methodsThis prospective study was conducted in 100 consecutive patients between May 2007 and March 2011. Translaryngeal monitoring was performed. When stimulation of the RLN on the first side dissected was negative, dissection of the other side was deferred to avoid the risk of bilateral RLN paralysis.ResultsThe main surgical indications were thyroid carcinoma (34%), Graves’ disease (27%), multinodular goitre (27%) and parathyroid hyperplasia (9%) with seven cases of redo surgery. Four RLN identified on the first side gave a negative response to stimulation and surgery to the other side was therefore deferred. Transient unilateral RLN paralysis was observed in these four patients and two cases of RLN paralysis were observed among patients with positive RLN stimulation. Among the 96 contralateral RLNs tested, two were not visualized (one case of transient RLN paralysis, one case of permanent RLN paralysis), two gave a negative response to stimulation (two cases of permanent RLN paralysis) and 92 gave a positive response to stimulation (nine cases of transient RLN paralysis, including two cases associated with transient paralysis of the first side, and one case of permanent RLN paralysis). The incidence of RLN paralysis by nerve was 9.6% for transient RLN paralysis and 2% for permanent (unilateral) RLN paralysis.ConclusionWhen bilateral RLN dissection is planned, RLN monitoring is particularly useful to limit the risk of bilateral RLN paralysis. Two-stage thyroidectomy, following functional recovery of the damaged RLN, can therefore be proposed. The risk of bilateral RLN paralysis was avoided in four patients, while transient bilateral RLN paralysis was observed in two patients despite positive stimulation.     

改良Miccoli术中喉返神经的显露及损伤预防

目的：探讨甲状腺改良Miccoli术中解剖显露喉返神经的方法及预防喉返神经损伤的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析218例行甲状腺改良Miccoli术患者的资料，均在内镜直视下寻找喉返神经并进一步显露直至人喉处，行甲状腺次全切或腺叶全切除。结果：218例患者手术均获成功，无中转开放手术。术中均成功显露颈段喉返神经并保护之。术中、术后病理证实结节性甲状腺肿185例，甲状腺腺瘤8例，甲状腺乳头状微小癌25例。2例甲状腺乳头状微小癌及1例有鼻咽癌放疗史的患者，术后出现暂时性声嘶，3个月内声带活动恢复正常。结论：甲状腺改良Miccoli术中解剖显露喉返神经是该手术顺利进行的关键，是预防喉返神经损伤的有效方法。     

Warning criterion to predict recurrent laryngeal nerve injury with percentage reduction of the amplitude of V2/R2d in neuromonitoring thyroidectomy

ObjectiveTo evaluate the contribution of amplitude reduction compared vagal stimulation at the end of thyroid dissection (V2) to the most distal RLN stimulation during thyroidectomy in predicting postoperative vocal cords paralysis (VCP).MethodsPatients with intact preoperative RLN function who underwent monitored thyroidectomy between August 2017 and April 2018 were included. We routinely tested the exposed RLN at the lowest proximal end (R2p signal) and the most distal end near the laryngeal entry point (R2d signal), and then routinely detected the vagal nerve at the horizontal plane of the inferior pole of thyroid with 2mA stimulation current. The cut-off value was calculated with Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. Rates of specificity, sensitivity, negative predictive value, positive predictive value (PPV) for V2/R2d and R2p/R2d were compared.ResultsPercentage reduction of the amplitude of V2/R2d ranged from 34.8% to 76.7%. Twenty-two (1.5%) nerves developed temporary VCP, in which one nerve with VCP showed no significant amplitude reduction at the end of the surgery. There was no permanent or bilateral VCP. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy for the amplitude reduction of V2/R2d> 60% were 95.5%, 99.8%, 99.9%, 98.2%, respectively, for R2p/R2d were 99.5%, 99.2%, 63.6%, 99.9%, 97.7%, respectively.ConclusionPercentage reduction of the amplitude of V2/R2d is a reliable and practical warning criterion for RLN injury. When the amplitude reduction> 60% surgeons should consider the possibility of postoperative VCP and correct some surgical maneuvers.     

甲状腺切除病例喉返神经损伤的分析

目的：研究甲状腺切除术的主要并发症－－喉返神经（ＲＬＮ）麻痹的相关因素。方法：回顾性研究１５６３例甲状腺手术患者的临床资料,重点分析ＲＬＮ损伤与术式、ＲＬＮ在术中是否被分离保护以及与甲状腺疾病的病理关系。结果：ＲＬＮ损伤率是７．８％,与组织病理恶性程度明显相关（Ｐ〈０．０１）,但术中如明确找到ＲＬＮ并加以保护,术后则无ＲＬＮ永外性损害,暂时麻痹仅１．６％。结论：术中对ＲＬＮ的保护应该强调避免医源性     

Intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in revision thyroidectomy

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy is one of the most important complications after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. There is controversy in the literature regarding whether or not intraoperative nerve monitoring decreases the risk of injury. We report our experience using Nerve Integrity Monitoring (NIM) system in cases of revision thyroidectomy, providing clear indications for its use. A series of 97 patients who underwent revision thyroidectomy with and without intraoperative NIM alternately was evaluated. There were 121 RLN patients at risk. Use of NIM during revision thyroidectomy was not statistically significant compared to revision operation without monitoring (p value = 0.059). Furthermore, comparison of operative times either with or without NIM showed that use of NIM led to statistically significant prolonged operation time (p value <0.001). There is no strict indication to use RLN monitoring during thyroid surgery, especially as there is no statistical evidence that the use of this technique decreases the incidence of RLN palsy, although there is a trend especially in difficult revision cases.     

甲状腺外科无喉返神经损伤的可能性

目的探讨甲状腺外科手术喉返神经(recurrenlaryngealnerve,RLN)零损伤的可能性。方法回顾性分析我科2001年3月～2005年3月659例甲状腺疾病的手术方式、术后RLN损伤、甲状旁腺功能低下、术后出血和术后复发等并发症的发生。术中常规解剖RLN,保护并勿过度解剖甲状旁腺及其供应的血管。结果甲状腺一侧腺叶加对侧腺叶部分切除376例、甲状腺一侧腺叶加峡部切除87例、甲状腺双侧腺叶次全切除76例、甲状腺全切除73例、颈部低位领式切口入路切除胸骨后结节性甲状腺肿47例。术后无一例发生RLN损伤。术后暂时性低钙血症发生率为1.67%(11/659)。无永久性低钙血症。术后出血需再手术止血和术后伤口血肿的发生率分别为0.60%(4/659)和0.45%(3/659)。甲状腺功能低下和术后复发的发生率分别为0.45%(3/659)和0.15%(1/659),无切口感染。结论甲状腺外科手术中熟悉RLN的解剖知识,常规紧贴甲状腺被膜外分离并全程解剖RLN及其分支可避免RLN的损伤。