融合机理与数据的篦冷机温度软测量模型

针对篦冷机内部温度难以在线测量的问题,提出一种融合渗流换热机理与神经网络数据辨识的篦冷机温度软测量模型。首先考虑局部非热平衡效应,并结合多孔介质渗流换热理论建立床层内气固换热的机理模型;其次以床层边界条件与机理模型的温度预测值作为网络输入量,机理模型的温度预测偏差作为输出量,建立双并联前馈神经网络,并采用快速学习网算法训练网络参数;将辨识后的人工神经网络作为篦冷机气固渗流换热机理的补偿器,建立混合温度软测量模型。利用篦冷机生产运行数据进行了二次风温的软测量实验,实验结果表明,与机理模型相比混合软测量模型测量精度有较大提高,并且与实验数据的误差较小,混合软测量模型对于篦冷机温度具有较好的测量精度。     

篦冷机的渗流传热模型与数值模拟

针对水泥篦冷机内熟料堆积体的多孔介质特性,应用非热平衡理论并结合Forchheimer-Brinkman-Darcy扩展模型,建立篦冷机的渗流换热模型。采用此模型对篦冷机内水泥熟料的冷却过程进行数值模拟,获得了不同供风风速、不同篦速下的气体和熟料层温度的变化规律。研究结果表明,所建模型可以较为准确地反映水泥熟料堆积体的冷却过程;供风风速的增加虽有利于熟料颗粒的冷却,但会降低回收风的温度,不利于热量的回收,合理的供风风速区间为1.5～2.0 m/s;在产量不变的情况下,增加篦速可强化熟料的前端骤冷效果,有利于形成高品质熟料,但是过高的篦速会使篦冷机前端的气体温度偏低,不利于水泥熟料的烧成;在料层厚度不变的情况下,增加篦速,回收风温与出料温度升高,但篦速过高时出料温度偏高;综合考虑产量不变与厚度不变这两种情况下篦速对熟料冷却过程的影响,得出合理的篦速区间为0.006～0.008 m/s。     

基于CCD比色原理的熟料温度场测量

基于CCD比色法测温原理,提出了一种篦冷机内流动熟料温度场测量方法,并设计了CCD篦冷机熟料温度场测量系统.篦冷机内熟料温度图像由CCD获取后,通过比较两个波长下熟料的辐射能,采用中值滤波和阈值加权平均滤波方法去除孤立的噪声点,得出熟料的温度场,实验结果表明该测量方法用于篦冷机熟料温度场的测量的可行性.     

基于IQPSO优化ELM的熟料质量指标软测量研究

水泥熟料游离氧化钙(f Ca O)含量是水泥生产过程的重要质量指标。针对难以建立其精确的数学模型和难以实时在线测量的问题,首先采用序列二次规划方法增强量子粒子群算法的局部搜索能力,提出了一种局部区域可调的改进量子粒子群优化(IQPSO)算法,并采用提出的IQPSO算法优化超限学习机(ELM)的输入层权值和隐层阈值参数,在优化过程中同时兼顾均方根误差和隐层输出矩阵条件数最小的原则,建立了基于IQPSO优化ELM的水泥熟料f Ca O软测量模型,仿真验证结果表明,IQPSO算法具有较高的搜索精度以及较快的收敛速度,建立的软测量模型精度高、泛化能力强。最后基于该模型,通过软件编程的方法给出了水泥熟料质量指标软测量仪表,实现了f Ca O含量的在线软测量。     

篦冷机熟料的立体视觉在线测量

实现篦冷机内部冷却风的合理分配,需要实时获得水泥熟料的厚度信息。针对篦冷机内温度高,难以实时测量的问题,提出了基于网格候选点的立体视觉在线测量方法。用相交光轴的两台摄像机组成双目立体视觉系统获取料层图像,在世界坐标系内建立代表深度信息的网格候选点用于深度测量。利用小波多分辨率算法快速筛选候选点,满足传送中熟料在线测量的实时性需求。引入了可信系数的概念,对容易出现歧义的少数候选点根据直方图分布判断该窗口内图像是否包含丰富的纹理信息,选择较大或较小的匹配窗口用于二次匹配,减少了匹配歧义带来的测量误差。实验结果表明,测量系统的均方根误差为4.29mm,能够满足实时厚度测量的精度要求。提出的方法测量精度高、计算速度快,能够稳定用于篦冷机内熟料厚度的在线测量。     

基于MI-LSSVM的水泥生料细度软测量建模

针对水泥生料细度软测量模型难以建立的问题,考虑到输入变量选择易受时延的影响,提出一种基于互信息和最小二乘支持向量机(MI-LSSVM)的软测量建模方法。该方法采用互信息表征变量间的相关性,进而解决水泥生料细度软测量建模中的时延问题,并在此基础之上,提出双向选择算法获取输入变量,将得到的输入变量应用于最小二乘支持向量机中,建立水泥生料细度软测量模型,最后应用水泥厂的实际数据对基于互信息和最小二乘支持向量机的水泥生料细度软测量模型进行仿真。结果表明该方法预测精度高、泛化能力强。     

HCFC-5000型篦冷机冷却技术优化

在水泥窑余热发电过程中,篦冷机能够迅速冷却高温熟料,除了降低热量带来的损失之外,还能够利用释放出的废气余热提升热回收效率,有效增加余热发电量.从篦冷机的进料端系统、篦床分区供风系统及篦下漏料锁风系统、篦板结构和篦条材料、熟料拉链机和熟料破碎机、监测调控技术及应用效果等方面,介绍篦冷机冷却技术.     

机械式自适应冷却气体流量调节器研究

用篦板单元方法分析了水泥熟料冷却机的均衡冷却原理,将物料对气体流阻的概念应用于冷却机流量调节器分析,推导出机械式自适应冷却气体流量调节器的设计公式,设计了一种新型的自适应机械式冷却气体流量调节器,实现了水泥篦冷机冷却空气流量的自适应调整,消除了篦冷机内熟料横向沆阻不均匀带来的熟料冷却不平衡的问题。     

机械式自适应冷却气体流量调节器研究

用篦板单元方法分析了水泥熟料冷却机的均衡冷却原理,将物料对气体流阻的概念应用于冷却机流量调节器分析,推导出机械式自适应冷却气体流量调节器的设计公式,设计了一种新型的自适应机械式冷却气体流量调节器,实现了水泥篦冷机冷却空气流量的自适应调整,消除了篦冷机内熟料横向流阻不均匀带来的熟料冷却不平衡的问题.     

蛇形推动散料输送机的设计与试验

设计并分析了一种新型用于散料输送的特种输送设备。此输送机利用仿生学,是通过模仿蛇在沙地的爬行运动,设计的一种横向推动式输送机,在输送工作进行时对散料有明显的翻动、混合搅拌作用,适用于在输送过程中需要抽湿、散热、混料的散料输送工作。此输送机可为水泥熟料篦冷机等设备的研制提供参考,试验数据将对新一代水泥孰料篦冷机的输送环节的设计提供帮助。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.