“双黄杀毒退烧颗粒”对鸡新城疫的防治效果

用纯中药复方制剂“双黄杀毒退烧颗粒”对鸡新城疫强毒攻击雏鸡进行预防和治疗,结果显示,按体重1 g/kg.d、0.5 g/kg.d和0.25g/kg.d口服该制剂,连续使用7 d,能不同程度地保护雏鸡抵抗NDV强毒致死性攻击,与攻毒对照组相比,死亡率最大降幅为56%,感染前和感染同时用药比感染后用药效果好,剂量以0.5 g/kg.d为好。试验结果证明,“双黄杀毒退烧颗粒”可有效保护雏鸡抵抗NDV强毒的致死性攻击。     

"双黄"在鸭胚中抗鸭瘟病毒的效力试验

用双黄杀毒退烧颗粒剂(简称“双黄”)对8组鸭胚予以不同剂量的抗鸭瘟病毒效力试验,结果表明其在鸭胚中能抑制鸭瘟病毒增殖。     

鸡转移因子的制备及应用研究 Ⅱ.对细胞免疫及体液免疫的影响

用淋巴细胞转移试验监测细胞免疫效果，用血凝抑制试验监测体液免疫效果，结果表明，注射鸡转移因子的实验组与注射生理盐水的对照组。其细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均有显著差异。说明鸡转移因子具有良好的生物活性，对Ｔ细胞免疫和Ｂ细胞免疫都具积极作用，可促进机体产生良好的免疫效果，增强机体的免疫功能。     

鸡转移因子的制备及应用研究 Ⅱ.对细胞免疫及体液免疫的影响

用淋巴细胞转移试验监测细胞免疫效果,用血凝抑制试验监测体液免疫效果。结果证明,注射鸡转移因子的实验组与注射生理盐水的对照组,其细胞免疫和体液免疫功能均有显著差异(分别为P<0.01和P<0.05)。说明鸡转移因子具有良好的生物活性,对T细胞免疫和B细胞免疫都具积极作用,可促进机体产生良好的免疫效果,增强机体的免疫功能。     

中药复方制剂防治鸡肾病变型传染性支气管炎的研究

传染性支气管炎(IB)是由冠状病毒引起的鸡的一种以呼吸道和泌尿生殖道急性病变为特征的高度接触性传染病,目前已发现肾型毒株至少有16个血清型,不同血清型之间交互免疫力差,常出现免疫失败。该病自1987年在我国流行发生以来,死亡率随年龄的不同可达25%~90%,给养鸡业造成极大的损失,目前尚无特效药物。近年来的研究表明,中药具有显著的抗病毒作用,用于病毒病防治,取得了良好的效果,对IB的中药防治研究也取得了令人鼓舞的效果。“双黄杀毒退烧颗粒剂”由黄连、黄芩、蛇床子、五倍子、枝子等14味中药组成,具有杀毒、退烧、扶正功效。试验研究…     

复方中药对人工感染IBV雏鸡免疫指标的影响

采用滴鼻法对SPF鸡攻毒建立鸡传染性支气管炎感染模型,使用MTT法、流式细胞仪技术、气管环中和试验法等,从细胞免疫和体液免疫角度研究复方中药防治鸡传染性支气管炎的可能性.结果显示,与感染不给药组相比,复方中药组能显著增加病鸡的体质量(P<0.05),促进免疫器官生长发育,提高淋巴细胞转化率和血清中和抗体效价(P<0.05),极显著提高CD4+/CD8+比值(P<0.01).结果表明,复方中药能明显改善传染性支气管炎感染鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫功能低下的状态,具有提高机体抗病毒感染的作用.     

紫芪颗粒对小鼠免疫功能的影响

为研究紫芪颗粒对小鼠免疫功能的影响,利用氧化可的松造免疫抑制小鼠病理模型,分组后分给高、中、低浓度的紫芪颗粒溶液,检测小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬率及吞噬指数;外周血淋巴细胞E-玫瑰花环形成率;血清溶血素值;脾脏指数.结果显示,紫芪颗粒对特异性体液免疫功能和特异性细胞免疫功能以及非特异性免疫功能有增强作用.     

复方鸡脾组织提取液及紫术散对鸡新城疫疫苗的增益效应

复方鸡脾组织提取液和中药紫术散可使鸡新城疫(ND)疫苗诱导的鸡血清抗体效价显著上升,维持时间延长,并能提高鸡外周血B淋巴细胞EAC花环形成率、T淋巴细胞ANAE阳性率和大颗粒淋巴细胞(LGL)的百分率.由此认为,这两种制剂对鸡ND苗诱导的体液免疫和细胞免疫都具有促进效应,可作为免疫增效剂.     

花粉增强免疫功能

花粉对细胞免疫、体液免疫均有明显的增强作用。试验证明花粉多糖能提高鸡抗体效价,以玉米花粉多糖作为疫苗稀释液进行免疫预防,能提高猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果;从油菜花粉中提取的油菜素内酯(Brassinolide)腹腔注射鸡只,具有增强巨噬细胞功能,提高免疫力的作用,结合新城疫Ⅰ系苗使用,显著提     

兔病毒性出血症蜂胶佐剂组织灭活苗的免疫效果

用ＰＭＶＲＶＨＤ和ＶＲＶＨＤ分别免疫家兔，用Ｅ－玫瑰花环形成试验测定细胞免疫水平（Ｔｃ），用微量血凝抑制试验（ＨＩ）进行体液免疫水平测定。并于免疫后期（第１６５ｄ和第１８７ｄ），用ＲＶＨＤ强毒对不同家兔分别进行攻击试验。结果发现：ＰＭＶＲＶＨＤ组（Ａ组）家兔Ｅ－玫瑰花环形成率显著高于ＶＲＶＨＤ组（Ｂ组）（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ａ组家兔血清ＨＩ值极显著地高于Ｂ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）。同时，试验组家兔的细胞免疫先于体液免疫出现。在第１８７ｄ的攻击试验中，Ａ组家兔全部健活，Ｂ组家兔死亡２只，其余５只则有不同程度的发热表现。结合细胞免疫和体液免疫的测定结果，认为ＰＭＶＲＶＨＤ对家兔的免疫效果比ＶＲＶＨＤ更好。     

The use of domestic chickens as laboratory hosts of the larvae of the bont tick, Amblyomma hebraeum

A comparison of attachment, engorgement and moulting success of Amblyomma hebraeum larvae fed on domestic chickens and Himalayan giant white rabbits indicates that chickens are better hosts than the rabbits. Moreover the time needed for detachment of all engorged larvae is significantly less for chickens than for the rabbits. No evidence of induced immunity was found in chickens on re-infestation with larvae of A. hebraeum.     

鸡IL-18对禽多杀性巴氏杆菌DNA疫苗的免疫佐剂作用

为了探索鸡IL-18在禽多杀性巴氏杆菌H基因DNA疫苗中的免疫佐剂作用，分别用共表达鸡IL-18基因和禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1H基因的DNA疫苗、鸡IL-18真核表达质粒pcDNA3／cIL-18与禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1H基因的DNA疫苗混合物、禽多杀性巴氏杆菌C48-1H基因的DNA疫苗肌肉注射5周龄鸡，首免后每周采取外周血及外周抗凝血，应用ELISA和MTT法分别检测免疫鸡的体液免疫及细胞免疫水平。二免后第2周用10 LD50禽多杀性巴氏杆菌强毒菌株C48-1进行攻击。结果鸡IL-18能够明显增强禽多杀性巴氏杆菌H基因DNA疫苗的免疫原性，显著提高免疫鸡的体液免疫和细胞免疫水平，并且鸡IL-18与禽多杀性巴氏杆菌H基因共表达时的免疫佐剂作用最强，能强有力地抵抗强毒菌株C48-1的致死性攻击。结果表明，鸡IL-18可作为DNA疫苗的一种理想的免疫佐剂。     

羊胎盘转移因子注射液细胞免疫调节作用的研究

[目的]探讨羊胎盘转移因子注射液对动物细胞免疫的影响。[方法]以家兔和昆系小鼠为试验对象,应用E玫瑰花环试验和淋巴细胞转化试验,检测羊胎盘转移因子注射液对家兔T淋巴细胞数量与活性的作用,及其对小鼠淋巴细胞的活化作用。[结果]羊胎盘转移因子注射液具有显著增加淋巴细胞数量与活性的作用,可明显地提高淋巴细胞的转化率。[结论]羊胎盘转移因子注射液具有改善和提高受试动物特异性细胞免疫的功能。     

Infection and immune responses in chickens exposed to Salmonella typhimurium

The transmission of Salmonella typhimurium among adult chickens maintained in wire-floored cages was examined. Within 6 days, organisms had spread from infected seed chickens to the majority of uninoculated chickens. Initially, organisms were found in the intestinal tract alone, but by day 20, all chickens were infected, and most of these had organisms in the liver, spleen, and intestinal tract. Antibodies to whole bacterial cells and lipopolysaccharide were detected in the serum and bile of all chickens from day 24. Clearance of organisms from the tissues was not apparent until after day 33. Cell-mediated immunity to salmonella antigens was also induced in chickens that naturally acquired the infection. The role of these parameters of immunity in the clearance of organisms is discussed.     

Cell-mediated immune protection in chickens against Pasteurella multocida

Immune protection by cellular immunity in chickens against Pasteurella multocida was investigated by in vivo and in vitro experiments using spleen cells and culture supernatants of immunised chickens. Intraperitoneal or intravenous transfer of immune splenic cells into normal chickens induced transmission of an as effective protection as that exhibited in immunised chickens. Immune protection was also obtained by intravenous treatment of chickens with culture supernatant fluid from immune splenic cells of hormonally bursectomised chickens. The in vitro experiment showed that intracellular bacterial proliferation was inhibited in peritoneal macrophages from immunised chickens, or from normal chickens sensitised with culture supernatant fluid of immune splenic cells, and the macrophages were protected from disruption by infection. Peritoneal macrophages sensitised with culture supernatant fluid from unimmunised splenic cells, or peritoneal macrophages from unimmunised chickens, allowed considerable intracellular proliferation of bacteria with almost complete breakdown of the macrophages within 24 hours after bacterial challenge. These data suggest that the protective immunity of chickens against P multocida was dependent on cell-mediated immunity by mediators such as the macrophage activating factor from T lymphocytes.     

一定纯度中药复方多糖对鸡细胞免疫和体液免疫的影响

为筛选对鼠免疫增强效果显著的一定纯度中药复方多糖(cCHMPS)对雏鸡的最佳免疫增强剂量,本试验将300只1日龄雄性良凤青脚麻鸡随机分为6组,即空白对照组、盐酸左旋咪唑组、黄芪多糖组及cCHMPS高、中、低剂量组,每组各50只.分别于8日龄皮下注射生理盐水、盐酸左旋咪唑、黄芪多糖及不同剂量的cCHMPS,连续7 d,在免疫后第8、14、21、35、42天采血,测定外周血中T、B淋巴细胞增殖活性及血清中新城疫病毒抗体含量.试验结果表明,黄芪多糖和不同剂量cCHMPS均能显著或极显著促进外周血T、B淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.05;P<0.01),提高新城疫病毒抗体浓度,增强机体细胞免疫和体液免疫水平,且中剂量的cCHMPS的免疫增强效果最好.     

天然免疫活性多糖替代抗生素添加剂的作用研究

采用先进的微生物体外累积发酵产气法和分子生物学鉴定技术研究了天然多糖--香菇,银耳和黄芪多糖对鸡肠道微生物菌群及其发酵动力学的影响,观察了中药多糖作为抗生素替代品对鸡的抗病促生长作用以及它们对肠道微生态体系和免疫系统的影响。结果表明,中药多糖经微生物发酵产生挥发性脂肪酸(VFA),使有益菌大量增生,同时发酵产生的酸性物质降低整个肠道pH值,抑制有害菌的生长;多糖还可减少氨气等有害气体产生,减少对环境的影响;多糖能显著提高鸡的细胞和体液免疫应答,增强动物防御系统的作用,可以部分替代抗生素添加剂应用于肉仔鸡的生产。饲养试验表明,多糖和抗生素对健康鸡的促生长作用都不明显,而对感染鸡具有显著的抗病促生长作用。     

Effect of beta carotene on disease protection and humoral immunity in chickens

The effect of beta carotene on disease protection and humoral immunity in chickens was investigated in comparison with the effect of other lipid-soluble antioxidant vitamins, vitamin E and A, which are both proven immunoenhancers and contributors to disease protection. Beta carotene alone was not as effective as either vitamin in protecting chickens from Escherichia coli infection, nor did it significantly enhance humoral immunity. In combination with vitamin E, however, beta carotene significantly increased disease protection and reduced hepatomegaly caused by E. coli infection.     

The cellular basis of immunity

Extract

The nature of the relationship between humoral immunity, characterised by the presence of serum antibodies, and delayed hypersensitivity, demonstrated by skin reactions, was a puzzle to early immunologists. The observation, made in 1945, that delayed hypersensitivity could be transferred from a sensitised to a normal animal by leucocytes but not by serum suggested that these two forms of immunity were separable. Soon after this observation was made a number of neonatal diseases associated with various immune deficiencies were described in children. The clinical features of these diseases and differences in their pathology also suggested a division between humoral and cellular immunity and, furthermore, indicated a role for the thymus in immunity. But it was the fortuitous discovery in 1956 that bursectomized chickens were unable to produce antibody but retained their cellular immunity that first established a definite relationship between a primary lymphoid organ and an immune function. Attention soon focussed on the avian thymus, another readily accessible primary lymphoid structure, and it was shown that thymectomy in chickens, and later in other species, suppressed cellular immunity while leaving antibody production largely intact. And so the important roles played by the primary lymphoid organs in directing the development of the immune system became appreciated and the concept of there being a division in immune activity accepted. It is now established that humoral immunity is a function of so-called B lymphocytes, while cell mediated immunity is a function of T lymphocytes.