遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍患者齿状核静息态功能连接改变及其与认知功能的相关性

目的: 探讨遗忘型轻度认知功能障碍(amnestic mild cognitive impairment,aMCI)患者齿状核静息态功能连接改变及其与认知功能的相关性。方法： 选取34例aMCI患者作为观察组,另选取34例同期健康老年人作为对照组。应用静息态功能磁共振成像(rs-fMRI)技术采集数据,比较两组双侧齿状核与全脑其他脑区功能连接差异;采用偏相关分析aMCI患者功能连接改变与临床量表评分及生物标志物之间的相关性。结果： 与对照组相比,观察组左侧齿状核与左侧颞叶及右侧丘脑,右侧齿状核与左颞上回以及右侧小脑后叶连接增强(AlphaSim矫正,P<0.05,体素数>100)。简易精神状态评分(MMSE)及言语流畅性评分(VFT)与aMCI患者左侧齿状核和右侧丘脑之间的功能连接值呈正相关(r=0.399,P=0.026;r=0.383,P=0.025);右侧齿状核和左侧颞上回之间的功能连接值与听觉词语学习测验再认评分呈负相关(r=-0.552,P=0.001),与磷酸化tau蛋白呈正相关(r=0.357,P=0.045)。结论： aMCI患者出现特定小脑皮层功能连接增强现象,且与认知功能量表评分及生物标志物相关。     

基于静息态 fMRI 的难治性癫痫患者丘脑功能连接研究

目的：利用静息态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）中的功能连接方法,探讨难治性癫痫患者丘脑的功能连接改变及意义。方法难治性癫痫患者19例,多模态神经影像学检查中颅内均未发现明显致痫病灶,发作间期及发作期长程视频脑电图提示双侧大脑半球棘波及棘慢波;同期招募19例健康对照者。采集静息态 fMRI 数据,分别以左、右丘脑为感兴趣区（ROI）与全脑进行功能连接分析,了解难治性癫痫患者相对于正常对照组功能连接增高和减弱的区域。结果以左侧丘脑为 ROI 做功能连接分析,难治性癫痫组与双侧梭状回、右侧舌叶、双侧楔叶及双侧楔前叶的功能连接强度增强,而与双侧尾状核、左侧壳核及左侧杏仁核的功能连接强度减弱;以右侧丘脑为 ROI 做功能连接分析,难治性癫痫组与双侧距状回、双侧楔前叶及左侧直回的功能连接强度增强,而与双侧壳核、双侧尾状核、双侧杏仁核及右侧脑岛的功能连接强度减弱。结论难治性癫痫患者静息状态下丘脑功能连接异常,丘脑可能参与了“癫痫网络”的构成。     

多巴胺D4受体二次重复等位基因型与注意缺陷多动障碍患儿视觉功能网络的关联性

目的：探讨多巴胺D4受体（DRD4）基因第3外显子48 bp的二次重复等位基因型（2R）影响注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患儿视觉功能网络的连接强度变化，及其与临床症状的关联性分析。方法：根据DRD4基因型分为62例2R非携带者组和41例2R携带者组，以视听整合持续性操作测验评估患儿的持续注意和反应控制的视觉水平，以SNAP-IV量表评估患儿的症状严重程度。并运用数据驱动的全脑分析-独立成分分析方法分离出三个视觉功能相关的脑网络，进行组内分析和组间分析。结果：2R携带者的外侧视觉网络右侧颞枕叶表现为功能连接趋于增强，而右侧中央前回连接下降，右侧扣带回前部连接趋于下降；2R携带者的内侧视觉网络右侧枕上回连接趋于增强，左侧小脑上部连接趋于下降。在右侧颞枕叶，SNAP注意不集中评分与2R携带者的功能连接强度呈正相关（r =0.339，P =0.037），与2R非携带者呈负相关（r =-0.308，P =0.016）。结论：从基因-脑-行为的研究过程中发现DRD4 2R基因可能通过介导视觉网络变化模式促进ADHD注意缺陷症状的发展。     

基于低频振幅算法的难治性癫痫发作间期静息态功能磁共振成像研究

目的 采用功能磁共振成像(functional magnetic resonance imaging,fMRI)探讨难治性癫痫患者发作间期脑功能的改变.方法 对难治性癫痫患者和健康对照的功能磁共振数据均采用低频振荡振幅(amplitude of low frequency fluctuation,ALFF)算法分别进行处理,计算并对比难治性癫痫组相比健康对照组ALFF改变的脑区,分析ALFF改变脑区与病程的相关性.结果 静息状态下难治性癫痫组与对照组相比ALFF值增强的脑区主要有中脑、桥脑、尾状核、额下回及双侧海马旁回、海马等部位;ALFF值减弱的脑区主要有双侧额叶、右侧颞上回、扣带回后部及相邻的楔前叶,且右侧颞中回的ALFF值与病程呈负相关(r=-0.71,P＜0.05).结论 难治性癫痫患者发作间期存在广泛的脑功能异常,且与癫痫病程相关.     

静息态功能磁共振研究未治疗首次发作重症抑郁症患者默认网络功能连接

目的 探讨静息态功能磁共振（rs-fMRI）技术和种子点功能连接的方法对未治疗首次发作重症抑郁症(MDD)患者默认网络(DMN)的功能连接改变。方法 选取2016年6月～2018年1月重庆医科大学附属第一医院收治的16例MDD患者为观察组,并同时选取19例年龄、性别和受教育年限相匹配的健康志愿者为照组,均行rs-fMRI扫描,运用基于种子点的功能连接方法,提取脑DMN相关脑区,选择功能连接显著差异脑区(P＜0.01)作为感兴趣区（ROI）,并行ROI脑区功能连接强度与其汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分及发作时间做直线相关分析。结果 观察组DMN相关的脑区分布于双侧楔前叶、左侧内侧和旁扣带回、右侧内侧额上回、左侧背外侧额上回、右侧额中回、右侧颞上回;而对照组DMN相关的脑区分布于双侧楔前叶、右侧角回、双侧额中回、双侧颞中回;与对照组相比,观察组DMN在左内侧额上回脑区功能连接强度值显著减低(P＜0.01)。观察组左内侧额上回功能连接强度值与其汉密尔顿抑郁量表评分(r=0.084,P=0.756)、发作持续时间(r= 0.116,P=0.670)不相关。结论 未治疗首次发作重症抑郁症患者存在默认网络功能连接异常,但未发现其与患者抑郁严重程度和发作持续时间有相关性。     

网络游戏成瘾青少年大脑静息态低频振荡振幅异常的研究

目的 观察网络游戏成瘾青少年静息态下大脑局部区域低频振荡振幅的变化.方法 采用低频振荡振幅分析方法,通过静息态功能磁共振数据处理工具包比较分析网络游戏成瘾者(n=26)和正常对照组(n=23)静息态下局部脑区自发神经活动的差异.结果 与正常对照组相比,成瘾组在前扣带回、左侧中扣带回、双侧尾状核、伏隔核、双侧旁海马、右侧苍白球和右侧脑岛等脑区处的低频振荡振幅值差异显著性增强(FWE校正后P＜0.05).右侧旁海马(r=0.4437,p=0.0232)和右侧尾状核(r=0.5227,P=0.0062)的低频振荡振幅值与成瘾者的病程呈显著正相关.结论 网络游戏成瘾者大脑部分区域表现出了异常的自发神经活动特性,并且可能随着病程加重.     

多发性硬化网络节点改变的基于体素度中心度的fMRI研究

目的：利用度中心度（DC）探索复发缓解型多发性硬化（RRMS）患者脑网络的功能异常。方法：选择26例RRMS患者为RRMS组,27例性别、年龄匹配的正常人为对照组。所有患者完成扩展残疾状况评分量表（EDSS）。DC和功能连接方法评估RRMS的脑功能改变。Pearson相关评估差异脑区与行为学的相关性。ROC曲线评估差异脑区对2组的区分能力。结果：DC差异不随相关系数r值的不同而变化。相比对照组,RRMS组DC值增加脑区主要包括右侧小脑后叶、左侧枕中回、左侧背侧前额叶和双侧顶上小叶,减低脑区主要包括左侧扣带回和双侧颞极突入岛叶。ROC曲线显示这些脑区能较好的区分2组（AUC=0.943,敏感度为96.3%,特异度为88.5%）。在RRMS组,病程与左侧颞极呈负相关（r=-0.483,P=0.020）,EDSS得分与右侧顶上小叶呈正相关（r=0.485,P=0.019）,与右侧颞极呈负相关（r=-0.430,P=0.041）。功能连接显示DC减低的颞极和扣带回存在网络间和网络内的功能连接减低。结论：扣带回和颞极在RRMS患者中存在功能异常,这些关键网络节点可以预测疾病进展和残疾状态。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征白质损害特点与记忆功能的关系

目的 用磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)方法研究阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者脑白质损害的特点.并分析其与记忆相关性.方法 对10例男性OSAS患者和10名年龄及文化程度相当的男性健康志愿者,测试修订韦氏记忆量表(WMS)得分,分别行脑部DTI扫描.选择双侧额叶白质、前部扣带回、前部扣带、半卵圆中心、前角周围白质、后角周围白质、尾状核头部、丘脑、海马旁回以及胼胝体膝部、胼胝体干、胼胝体压部作为兴趣区(ROI),分别测量部分各向异性分数值(FA)、平均扩散系数(ADC)并进行统计学分析,并与WMS得分进行相关性分析.结果 OSAS组右侧额叶白质、胼胝体压部、左侧前部扣带回、右侧前部扣带回、左侧前部扣带、右侧前部扣带、左侧半卵圆中心、左侧前角周围白质、左侧后角用围白质、右侧后角周围白质、左侧海马旁同、右侧海马旁回的FA值分别为:0.444±0.025、0.776±0.028、0.154±0.021、0.152±0.017、0.372±0.022、0.351±0.029、0.501±0.029、0.434±0.045、0.338±0.029、0.360±0.022、0.167±0.027、0.177±0.023,与健康对照组相比显著下降(P<0.05),其中右侧额叶白质与联想、理解分值、左侧半卵圆中心与再生分值呈正相关关系(r值分别为0.679、0.642、0.671,P<0.05),而左侧额叶白质、右侧半卵圆中心、右侧前角周围白质、尾状核头部、丘脑、胼胝体膝部、胼胝体干的FA值与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05).右侧额叶白质、胼胝体干、胼胝体压部、左侧前部扣带回、右侧前部扣带回、右侧前部扣带、左侧半卵圆中心、左侧前角周围白质的ADC值分别为:8.589±0.264、8.197±0.253、8.218±0.194、12.151±0.454、12.113±0.524、8.954±0.177、7.333±0.220、9.186±0.465×e-10mm2/s.与健康对照组相比显著升高(P<0.05),与WMS分值无相关关系;而左侧额叶白质、左侧前部扣带、右侧半卵圆中心、右侧前角周围白质、双侧后角周围白质、尾状核头部、丘脑、海马旁回、胼胝体膝部的ADC值与对照组相比无显著差异(P>0.05).结论 (1)OSAS病人同时存在白质和灰质损害;(2)OSAS病人记忆障碍可能是皮质、白质共同受损的结果.     

强迫症患者全脑灰质与静息态功能影像研究

目的探讨强迫症患者脑结构及脑功能异常以及治疗前后的变化。方法采用3.0T核磁共振仪对18例未服药强迫症患者治疗前后进行全脑扫描,获得高分辨率3D-T结构后,采用优化的基于体素的形态测量学方法（VBM）计算全脑灰质容积;静息态功能磁共振成像（fMRI）数据采用低频振幅（ALFF）方法处理,并与16例年龄、性别相匹配的正常人群相对照。结果与对照组相比,强迫症组右侧丘脑、双侧扣带回左侧尾状核及右侧苍白球体灰质容积减少（P＜0.05）;小脑前叶、左侧眶额上回、右侧额中回、左侧颞中回、左楔前叶、中央前回、中央后回等皮质结构灰质容积增加（P＜0.05）;右侧小脑与右侧顶叶静息态fMRI过度激活,左侧扣带回、豆状核与尾状核激活减弱（P＜0.05）;药物治疗反应良好的强迫症患者左侧丘脑、左侧豆状核、左侧壳核、左侧前、后扣带回灰质容积均较治疗前明显增加（均P＜0.05）;静息态fMRI结果提示治疗前后无统计学差异（P＞0.05）。结论强迫症患者存在多个脑区灰质容积和静息态脑功能异常,有效的药物治疗可部分逆转这种异常状态。     

强迫性障碍患者的脑功能活动特点及丘脑与全脑功能连接分析

目的 比较静息状态下强迫性障碍患者脑功能活动与健康对照的差异,并分析患者双侧丘脑与全脑功能连接模式的特点。 方法 按照ICD-10中强迫性障碍的诊断标准,选取26例强迫性障碍患者(OCD组)和性别、年龄、受教育程度相匹配的25例健康志愿者(HC组),分别进行Y-BOCS、HAMA、HAMD量表测验和大脑功能磁共振扫描。在全脑体素水平上进行ReHo分析,筛选出2组间ReHo值有差异的脑区,分别以左右两侧丘脑作为种子点进行全脑功能连接分析。 结果 将统计阈值设置为P<0.005,激活体素>1 512 mm3,Alphasim校正(P<0.005),结果显示OCD组与HC组ReHo值有差异的脑区:左侧丘脑、右侧丘脑、右侧中央旁小叶、右侧中央后回、左侧角回。将左侧丘脑作为种子点的脑功能连接分析,OCD组较HC组功能连接减弱的脑区:双侧丘脑、左侧额中回、右侧海马、右侧尾状核;OCD组较HC组功能连接增强的脑区:双侧中央前回、左侧顶叶、双侧颞叶、双侧中央后回、双侧距状回、双侧舌回、双侧楔前叶、双侧楔叶、双侧小脑、右侧梭状回、双侧中央旁小叶。将右侧丘脑作为种子点的脑功能连接分析,OCD组较HC组功能连接减弱的脑区:左侧额中回、右侧额上回、双侧丘脑、双侧前扣带回、双侧中扣带回、右侧缘回;OCD组较HC组功能连接增强的脑区:双侧颞叶、双侧枕叶、双侧小脑、双侧楔叶、左侧梭状回、双侧舌回、双侧距状回。 结论 强迫性障碍患者多个脑区功能活动异常,边缘CSTC环路功能连接减弱,丘脑与大脑中后部出现代偿性功能连接增强。      

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.