脑卒中患者发病的季节规律分析

目的探讨脑梗死（CI）、脑出血（CH）、蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）发病的季节规律。方法收集江西省人民医院2004～2009年脑卒中患者3922例。其中CI2382例,CH1293例,SAH247例。用圆分布分析探讨脑卒中患者发病的季节规律。结果 CI冬季高发,平均角在1月份（P〈0.05）,男性患者的平均角在1月份（P〈0.05）,女性患者的平均角在2月份（P〈0.05）;CH夏季高发,平均角在8月份（P〈0.05）,男性患者的平均角在8月份（P〈0.05）,女性患者的平均角在8月份（P〉0.05）,无集中趋势。SAH夏季高发,平均角在7月份（P〈0.05）,男、女间无差别,平均角在7月份（P〈0.05）。结论脑卒中发病具有季节性,在脑卒中防治工作中要充分考虑其发病的季节特点,并采取相应措施。     

脑梗死发病与气象因素的关系及其预测研究

目的分析青岛市脑梗死(CI)发病的时间变化规律,探讨青岛市气象因素对脑梗死CI发病的影响及其预测.方法收集青岛市1998年～2002年5年间4821例CI患者的发病时间及同期的气温、气压、相对湿度、风速等气象资料;圆分布分析探讨CI发病的时间规律,直线相关、多元逐步回归研究CI发病与气象因素之间的关系.结果(1)4821例CI患者中男性比例(55%)高于女性(45%)(x2=52.06,P＜0.01),男性发病年龄低于女性(男性67.7(10.8)岁,女性69.1(9.3岁),u=4.97,P＜0.01);(2)男、女性CI都在秋季高发,平均角所对应日期在10月(P＜0.05);(3)CI发病多见于高温、高气压、低湿度的气象条件(r=0.308,0.264,-0.370,P＜0.05),多元逐步回归筛选出来影响CI月发病人数的气象因素依次是月平均气压和月平均气温.结论气象因素是CI发病的影响因素,但由于较低的校正R2,故以气象因素为自变量的多元逐步回归方程不宜用来预测CI发病人数.     

气象因素与脑血管病关系的研究

目的 探讨脑血管病发病与气象因素间的关系。方法 收集青岛市1998～2002年6186例脑血管病患者[脑出血（CH）1179例、脑梗死（C1）4821例、蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）186例]的发病时间及同期的月平均气温、气压、相对湿度、风速等气象资料。圆分布分析脑血管病发病的季节规律；直线相关、多元逐步回归分析气象因素与脑血管病发病之间的关系。结果 CH冬季高发，平均角在1月份（P〈0．05）；CI及SAH均于秋季高发，平均角在10门份（均P〈0．05）。CH多发于低气温、高气压的气象条件（r=-0．370、0．349，均P〈0．05），CI多发于高温、高气压、低湿度的气象条件（r=0．308、0．264、-0．370，均P〈0．05）。影响月发病人数的气象因素，CH是月平均气压、相对湿度和风速，CI是月平均气压和气温。结论 气象因素是脑血管病发病的影响因素，在脑血管病的预防工作中应充分考虑其发病的季节特点。气象因素为自变量的多元逐步回归方程不宜用来进行预测发病人数。     

胆红素和脂质对脑卒中发病影响的差异性探讨

目的探讨血清胆红素和脂质及其综合指数与脑出血(CH)、短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)及脑梗死(CI)的关系。方法对128例CH、108例TIA及104例CI急性期患者血清胆红素、胆固醇等指标进行检测,并进行对比分析。结果CI组年龄显著高于CH组(P<0.05)。TIA、CI组患者血清总胆红素(TBIL)、间接胆红素(IBIL)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著低于CH组(P<0.05或P<0.01),血清总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、非高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(n-HDL-C)水平及LDL-C/HDL-C、TC/HDL-CTG/HDL-C比值显著高于CH组(P<0.05或P<0.01);CI组患者血清直接胆红素(DBIL)/IBIL比值显著高于CH组(P<0.01),血清IBIL、HDL-C水平显著低于TIA组(P<0.05),血清LDL-C、n-HDL-C水平及LDL-C/HDL-C、TC/HDL-C比值显著高于TIA组(P<0.05或P<0.01),各组间其它指标间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论血清胆红素和脂质及其综合指数不同程度的变化与脑卒中关系密切。     

气象因素与急性脑梗死发病相关性的研究

目的探讨天津市急性脑梗死发病与气象因素的相关性。方法回顾性分析我院2009年²013年急性脑梗死患者1198例及同期的气温、气压、相对湿度等气象资料;采用圆分布分析急性脑梗死发病的季节规律、直线相关分析及多元逐步回归分析气象因素与急性脑梗死发病之间的关系。结果 (1)急性脑梗死冬季高发,平均角在1月份(P<0.05);(2)急性脑梗死月发病例数与月平均气温、月平均最高气温、月平均最低气温呈负相关(P<0.05),与月平均气压正相关(P<0.05);(3)多元逐步回归筛选出来影响急性脑梗死月发病例数的气象因素是月平均最低气温,其次为月平均日较差。结论气象因素是脑梗死发病的影响因素,在冬季、低气温、高气压气象条件下脑梗死发病率高,这为制定脑血管病相应防治措施提供了依据。     

脑卒中急性期血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶水平的变化及意义

目的 探讨脑卒中急性期血清神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)与脑卒中病灶部位、体积、神经功能缺损程度及预后的关系.方法 应用ELISA方法检测96例急性期的脑卒中患者[58例脑梗死(CI)、27例脑出血(ICH)、11例蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)]以及25名正常对照者血清NSE水平,分析其与不同卒中类型患者的中国卒中量表评分(CSS)、Barthel 指数(BI)、Glasgow-Pittsburgh昏迷量表评分及病灶部位和体积关系.结果 脑卒中患者急性期血清NSE水平显著高于正常对照组(均P<0.01);发病4 d内,CI组及ICH组中,较大病灶的患者血清NSE水平显著高于小病灶患者 (均P<0.01);ICH组、CI组血清NSE水平与CSS呈正相关(r=0.52,r=0.56;均P<0.01),SAH组、ICH组、CI组血清NSE水平与Glasgow-Pittsburgh昏迷量表评分呈负相关(r=-0.51,r=-0.43,r=-0.53;均P<0.01);不同病灶部位患者血清NSE水平差异无统计学意义.结论 脑卒中急性期血清NSE水平可客观地反映脑损伤程度;动态监测有助于判断病情和预后.     

脑血管病与血脂的关系

目的 探讨脑血管病(CVD)与血脂的关系。方法 检测53例脑出血(CH)及60例脑梗死(CI)患者的血脂,并与60名同龄健康对照组比较。结果 CH组TC、HKL一C、LDL-C高于对照组;TG低于对照组,但均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。CI组HDL-C显著低于对照组和CH组(P<0.005);TC、TG、LDL-C高于对照组,但无显著性差异(P>0.05〕;TG明显高于CH组(P<0.05)。结论 HDL-C是CI的保护因素,CH和CI与血脂的关系不同,甚至完全相反,他们有着不同的发病机制。     

内蒙古鄂尔多斯地区脑卒中危险因素的性别差异研究

目的探讨鄂尔多斯地区不同性别脑卒中危险因素的差异性。方法分析鄂尔多斯市中心医院2007年1月至2012年6月收治的首次急性脑卒中患者856例,其中男性519例(年龄54⁷5岁,平均年龄64.26±10.25岁),女性337例(年龄5775岁,平均年龄64.26±10.25岁),女性337例(年龄57⁷6岁,平均年龄66.68±9.64岁),比较男女患者危险因素、卒中类型。结果近5年多来鄂尔多斯地区女性脑卒中患者平均年龄大于男性(P=0.027),而男性患者人数比例高于女性(P=0.029);男女患者均以急性脑梗死为主(P=0.012,P=0.014);急性脑梗死及脑出血男性比例均高于女性,TIA患者女性比例高于男性;男性患者在高血压构成比(P=0.025)、心房纤颤(P=0.009)、吸烟(P<0.001)、饮酒(P<0.001)、血红蛋白含量(P=0.017)、同型半胱氨酸(P=0.013)、低密度脂蛋白(P=0.021)及总胆固醇(P=0.024)高于女性,而女性患者在心脏瓣膜病(P=0.013)、糖尿病(P=0.026)高于男性。结论鄂尔多斯地区首次急性脑卒中患者在发病年龄、常见危险因素及临床类型等方面存在性别差异。     

应用圆分布结合候温法分析上海地区季节变化与急性缺血性卒中发病分布规律

目的 探讨上海地区季节变化与急性缺血性卒中(acute ischemic stroke,AIS)发病分布规律及变化特点,为AIS的早期防治提供参考.方法 收集2008年3月～2011年3月我院神经内科1587例诊断为AIS患者临床资料,利用圆分布分析方法与候温法相结合,分析上海地区AIS与季节变化规律.结果 逐月AIS发病圆分布分析显示:平均角αi=100.43°,角离差S=155.27,离散度γ=0.05,雷氏值Z=4.73(P ＜0.05),平均角95％CI为82.28°～190.15°.高峰月为3月24日～7月12日,高峰日为4月12日;不同AIS亚型的圆分布分析显示,SAO型角离差S =125.42,离散度γ=0.09,雷氏值Z=3.48,故P＜0.05,平均角(αi)88.05°,平均角95％CI为38.30°～137.75°,高峰月为2月8日～5月19日,高峰日为3月31日.结论 上海地区AIS发病可能特点为,季节高峰较平缓,但仍存在一定集中趋势,高峰月在冬末至夏季中期,高峰日为冬末春初;季节变化与各亚型发病关系分析显示,仅SAO发病存在一定集中趋势,高峰期在冬末至夏季初期,高峰日正值上海地区春季.     

抗心磷脂抗体与脑血管病相关性研究

目的研究抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)与脑血管病的关系,为脑卒中的预测提供临床依据。方法采用前瞻性研究方法,对91例脑梗死(CI)、42例脑出血(CH)患者及30例健康者血清中的抗心磷脂抗体(ACA)进行检测。结果CI及CH组ACA总阳性率、IgG型ACA阳性率均显著高于对照组。ACA阳性卒中容易复发,病灶常为多个。ACA在脑卒中发病一周内阳性率最高,且抗体分型以IgG型为主。结论ACA是CI及CH的危险因素,对脑卒中的预测有一定意义。     

Stroke in women of reproductive age: comparison between stroke related and unrelated to pregnancy

Pregnancy may increase the risk of stroke. However, few studies have compared strokes in women of reproductive age that occur in pregnancy or the puerperium (pregnancy-related stroke, PRS) with those unrelated to pregnancy. This study assesses risk factors and etiologies of stroke in these women based on relationship to pregnancy. From 1984 to 2002, all female patients 15 through 40 years of age with a first-ever stroke at National Taiwan University Hospital were included in this study. PRS was defined as patients who had stroke occurrence during pregnancy or within 6 weeks postpartum. Stroke was categorized as cerebral infarction (CI), cerebral hemorrhage (CH), or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and divided into subtype according to etiology. Risk factors and etiologies were compared for patients with PRS and stroke unrelated to pregnancy. We identified 49 patients with PRS, and 353 patients with stroke unrelated to pregnancy. There was no statistically significant difference in distribution of CI subtypes. Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) was more common in PRS than stroke unrelated to pregnancy (39% vs. 7%, P<0.001), and 73% of these cases occurred postpartum. Preeclampsia-eclampsia was an important cause of peripartum CH (37%), but not CI (4%). Among PRS cases, postpartum cerebral venous thrombosis and preeclampsia-eclampsia were the major causes of CI and CH, respectively.     

Circadian and seasonal occurrence of subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the time of onset of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) or intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is associated with a time of day or season of year. BACKGROUND: Prior studies have suggested that there may be a circadian and seasonal pattern of ischemic stroke occurrence, but this is less certain for hemorrhagic stroke. Population-based data have been unavailable. METHODS: All incident ICH and SAH among residents of Rochester, MN, were ascertained. The medical records of patients were reviewed to determine the time of onset and date of occurrence. The day was divided into 8-hour periods, and the year into seasonal quartiles. Each patient was assigned a period based on the time of onset of symptoms. The data were analyzed by chi(2) analysis to determine whether there was a trend toward increased occurrence based on time period or seasonal quartile of onset. RESULTS: From 1960 to 1989, there were 155 cases (48 men, 107 women) of incident SAH. From 1975 to 1989, there were 137 cases (57 men, 80 women) of incident ICH. There was a significant increase in the time of onset for ICH and SAH in the 8 AM to 4 PM period (p = 0.005 and p = 0.03, respectively). The concomitant occurrence of hypertension, gender, and age did not affect the time of day of occurrence. In the analysis of seasonal variation, there was a significant increase in events during December, January, and February in the combined SAH and ICH group (p = 0.032) and a trend for SAH alone (p = 0.07) but not for ICH (p = 0.34). Hypertension and age had no impact on the association between season and the occurrence of SAH and ICH. CONCLUSION: The occurrence of SAH and ICH is increased from 8 AM to 4 PM. The occurrence of hemorrhage is increased during the winter months, but this is likely limited only to SAH.     

脑血管病与感染(附118例报告)

目的　探讨感染在脑血管病发生发展中所起的作用。方法　收集１１８ 例脑血管病（ 年龄＞ ４５ 岁） 尸检病例的临床与病理资料,对脑梗死与脑出血起病前后的感染进行比较分析。结果　①脑梗死组有感染的患者（４８／６１ ,７８７ ％ ） 比脑出血组（２４／５７ ,４２１ ％ ） 显著增多（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,两组都以起病后合并感染者居多,但脑梗死组起病前１ 周有感染者占２５ ％ ,比脑出血的１２５ ％ 多１ 倍。②感染以细菌性感染为主,肺炎居首位（７３６ ％ ） ,菌血症与腹泻次之,各占８３ ％ 与６９ ％ 。③脑梗死组有感染的比无感染的患者,血白细胞计数值明显增多（ Ｐ＜ ００１） 。④脑梗死及脑出血的部位与感染的发生无相关性（ Ｐ＞ ００５） 。结论　脑梗死患者感染的发生率高于脑出血患者。脑梗死患者起病前的近期感染可能成为发病的危险因素之一,而脑血管病患者起病后合并感染是其致残、致死的重要原因之一。     

Conditions associated at death with specific types of completed stroke in patients with and without hypertension: a case-control study

Potential risk factors for various types of stroke were studied using a case-control study design. All 1978 US death certificates for which the registered underlying cause of death was subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), cerebral hemorrhage (CH), or cerebral infarction (CI) were identified. The frequency with which other conditions appeared on the death certificates of cases with and without hypertension was compared with controls. These data provide new information, such as the occurrence of peripheral vascular disease in association with SAH, the risk of CH in epileptic and cirrhotic patients, and the association of benign neoplasms of the nervous system, motor neuron disease, and 'paralysis agitans' with CI.     

Trends in the incidence of stroke in Yamagata, Japan]

The purpose of this study was to clarify the incidence and features of acute cerebrovascular diseases in Yamagata Prefecture, by comparing with those in other prefectures reported in previous studies. Consecutive 13,639 cases of acute stroke were prospectively registered to Yamagata Society in Treatment for Cerebral Stroke (YSTCS) between January 1, 1998 and December 31, 2002. Cerebral infarction (CI), intracerebral hemorrhage (CH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and transient ischemic attack (TIA) were observed in 58.4%, 25.8%, 11.4% and 4.4% of the patients, respectively. The frequencies of CH and SAH (37.2%) in Yamagata Prefecture were higher than those reported in other studies (p < 0.01). In addition, time from onset to admission in Yamagata Prefecture was longer than that reported in others(p< 0.01). This study was one of the largest stroke registration studies in Japan enrolling 13,639 patients. In addition, computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance image (MRI) was performed on admission in all patients. Diagnosis was made by a neurologist or a neurosurgeon based on CT and/or MRI findings. Our results might accurately reflect current status of stroke patients in Yamagata Prefecture.     

Chronobiological aspects of acute cerebrovascular diseases

The study was aimed at further investigating the circadian and circannual patterns of stroke onset. Study design and type of participants: 977 strokes (475 in men and 502 in women) concerning 926 subjects (457 men and 469 women) admitted to Ferrara Hospital in two calendar years (1990–1991), were prospectively investigated. The strokes were classified as based on cerebral infarction (CI), transient ischemic attack (TIA) and cerebral hemorrhage (CH: subarachnoid and intracerebral hemorrhage). Two statistical models of analysis were used. The assessment of circadian and circannual periodicity was performed utilizing the single cosinor method. A separate analysis was performed after distribution of events into 6-hour intervals, and chi-square test for fit was applied to the number of observed versus expected cases. The majority of strokes occurred in the morning between 7 a.m. and noon (35% of cases) and the hypothesis of a uniform distribution of the time onset was rejected on the basis of the chi-square for all subtypes of stroke. A circadian rhythm was found for CI and TIA with acrophase at the 11.56 and 12.41 respectively. Also a circannual periodicity was found for CI with a prevalent peak in October. The spectral analysis detected a circadian cycle for CH having a period of 4 h, and a circannual cycle for TIA with a period of 4 months. This study confirms that stroke is a high-chronorisk disease, with specific circadian and circannual rhythms. This is very important for a better understanding and control of the underlying factors and in terms of prevention.     

Seasonal variation in stroke incidence in Hisayama, Japan

We investigated seasonal variation in the incidence of cerebral stroke among the general population aged greater than or equal to 40 years in November of 1961 in Hisayama, Japan. During the 24-year follow-up period, 311 cases of cerebrovascular diseases occurred. The date or month of onset was determined in 308 cases, of which 51 were classified as intracerebral hemorrhage, 223 as cerebral infarction, and 27 as subarachnoid hemorrhage. We observed a significant seasonality in the incidence of all stroke (p less than 0.01), of intracerebral hemorrhage (p less than 0.05), and of cerebral infarction (p less than 0.01), whereas subarachnoid hemorrhage had no significant seasonal pattern. Subjects less than 64 years of age showed a significant seasonal variation in the incidence of both intracerebral hemorrhage (p less than 0.05) and cerebral infarction (p less than 0.01). A significant seasonal pattern for the incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage was also noted among persons with hypertension (p less than 0.05) or a high serum cholesterol level (p less than 0.05), whereas such a pattern for cerebral infarction was documented among normotensive persons (p less than 0.05) and those with a low serum cholesterol level (p less than 0.01). In addition, the incidences of intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral infarction were negatively correlated with mean ambient temperature (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.05, respectively), and all stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage in men were significantly related to intradiurnal temperature change (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively). The significance of the seasonal occurrence of stroke is discussed in relation to relevant risk factors.     

短暂性脑缺血发作发展至脑梗死危险因素的分析

目的探讨短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)发展至脑梗死的危险因素。方法对144例TIA患者的临床资料进行分析。结果144例患者中50例(34.7%)发生了脑梗死;其中椎基底动脉系统TIA20例中11例(55.0%)发生脑梗死;颈内动脉系统TIA118例中37例(31.4%)发生脑梗死;两个系统脑梗死的发生率差异有显著性(P<0.05)。78%的脑梗死发生在TIA后1个月内,5例死于脑梗死。TIA发作持续>30min、24h内>3次发作以及首次发作后>24h或发作>5次开始治疗的患者发生脑梗死的危险性显著增高(P<0.05～0.01)。发生脑梗死的TIA患者血压、血糖、血胆固醇显著增高(均P<0.05)。结论患者TIA发作持续久、次数多、未及时治疗,尤其伴有高血压、高血糖、高脂血症者短期内发生脑梗死的危险性较高。