Occurrence and light response of residual plastid genes in a Euglena gracilis bleached mutant strain OflB2

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Euglena gracilis is a unicellular green eukaryotic microalga that features characteristics of both plants and animals. The photosynthetic function of its...     

Insertal orientation has no influence on the expression ofgfp gene and the growth of the hostSynechococcus sp. PCC7942

In transgenic process, a foreign gene can be integrated in the host genome in two directions, which may influence its expression. In order to study the effects of insertal orientation, the gfp reporter gene was inserted in the isiAB locus of Synechococcus sp.PCC7942 in different directions, and the GFP expression levels and the growth of the transgenic algae were compared. It was showed that the gfp gene could express in each direction, and no significant difference was detected on algal growth and GFP expression levels between the two recombinant algae.     

STUDY ON THE INTERACTION BETWEEN NDVI PROFILE AND THE GROWING STATUS OF CROPS

Daily and ten-day Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI) of crops were retrieved from meteorological statellite NOAA AVHRR images ,The temporal variations of the NDVI were analyzed during the whole growing season,and thus the principle of the interaction between NDIV profile and the growing status of crops was discussed,As a case in point,the relationship between integral NDVI and winter wheat yield of Henan Province in 1999 had been analyzed.By putting integral NDVI values of 60 sample counties into the winter wheat yield-integral NDVI coordination,scattering map was plotted. It demonstrated that integral NDVI had a close relation with winter wheat yield.These relation could be described with linear,cubic polynomial ,and exponential regression,and the cubic polynomial regression was the best way,In general ,NDVI reflects growing status of green vegetation ,so crop monitoring and crop yield estimation could be realized by using remote sensing technique on the basis of time serial NDVI data together with agriculture calendars.     

Enhanced carotenoid production by a mutant of the marine yeast Rhodotorula sp. hidai

After a serial of UV, EMS and NTG mutagenesis, a mutant named MM of the red marine yeast strain Rhodotorula sp. hidai was obtained. The mutant MM could produce 603.93 μg g⁻¹ of carotenoid within 5 days in the medium containing 4.0 g sucrose, 1.5 g yeast extract, 0.1 g MgSO₄, and 100 mL of sea water, with pH 6.0 and at 30 °C, while only 213.18 μg g⁻¹ of carotenoid was produced by the wild type under the same conditions.     

Nutrient Enrichment Regulates the Growth and Physiological Responses of Saccharina japonica to Ocean Acidification

Environmental changes, such as ocean acidification and eutrophication, have created threats to kelp mariculture. In this study, the growth, photosynthesis, respiration and nutrient composition of Saccharina japonica were evaluated at different levels of pCO_2(400 and 800 μL L~(-1)) and nutrients(nutrient-enriched and non-enriched seawater). Elevated pCO_2 decreased the relative growth rate(RGR), net photosynthetic rate and contents of tissue carbon and tissue nitrogen under non-enriched nutrient conditions, but it had no significant effect on these parameters under nutrient-enriched conditions. The dark respiration rate was positively affected by elevated pCO_2 regardless of the nutrient conditions. However, the C:N was unaffected by elevated pCO_2 at both nutrient levels. These results implied that ocean acidification could reduce the production and nutrient contents in the tissues of S. japonica, which was associated with nutrient conditions.     

Physiological differences in the growth and maturation of Eisenia bicyclis and Ecklonia cava gametophytes in Korea

The objective of this study was to examine the ef fects of temperature and light intensity on growth of female gametophytes of Eisenia bicyclis and Ecklonia cava and responses of these female gametophytes to Fe addition and daylength. Female gametophytes of each species were cultured at four temperatures(10, 15, 20, and 25°C) and under a combination of four light intensities(10, 20, 40, and80 μmol photons/(m 2 ·s)) with two temperatures(15 and 20°C for E i. bicyclis; 20 and 25°C for E c. cava) to clarify their optimal growth conditions. Growth and maturation of female gametophytes of these two species under a combination of five Fe-EDTA concentrations(0, 1, 2, 4, and 8 μmol/L) and three daylengths(10,12, and 14 h) were also examined. The growth of E i. bicyclis gametophyte was maximal at approximately15–20°C, 20 μmol photons/(m 2 ·s), Fe-EDTA concentration of 8 μmol/L and daylengths of 12–14 h. While E c. c ava gametophytes showed optimal growth at approximately 20–25°C, 20 μmol photons/(m 2 ·s), FeEDTA concentration of 8 μmol/L and daylength of 14 h. Maturation of gametophytes was enhanced at Fe-EDTA concentration of 4 μmol/L for E i. bicyclis and at 2 μmol/L for E c. c ava. In conclusion, optimal growth temperatures and Fe-EDTA concentrations for maturation of E i. bicyclis and E c. c ava gametophytes were dif ferent. Higher optimal growth temperature for E c. c ava gametophytes may contribute to its wider geographical distribution compared to E i. bicyclis which has restricted habitats in Korea. This suggests that addition of Fe ion could be used to recover beds of these two species in barren grounds of Korea.     

温度对全缘马尾藻幼孢子体生长和生理组分的影响

为探究全缘马尾藻(Sargassum intrgerrimum)幼孢子体对温度的适应性,在照度为10 000 lx,光照周期为12L:12D,温度分别为11.0、16.0、21.0、26.0、31.0、36.0℃的条件下,研究不同温度对全缘马尾藻幼孢子体生长、光合色素含量、SOD活力和CAT活力的影响。结果表明,幼孢子体在16.0~26.0℃的温度范围内生长明显,差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05),温度为21.0℃时生长最快;温度为11.0℃时生长缓慢,温度为31.0和36.0℃时幼孢子体的生长因温度过高有溃烂现象。在本实验条件下,全缘马尾藻幼孢子体的适宜温度范围为16.0~26.0℃,最适温度为21.0℃。     

水流速率对全缘马尾藻幼孢子体生长和生理活性的影响

在0、0.5、1、2、4、8 cm/s 等5 种不同水流速率下培养全缘马尾藻（Sargassum integerrimum）幼孢子体,研究水流速率对幼孢子体质量、叶绿素a 含量、SOD 活力、CAT 活力和蛋白质浓度等生理指标的影响.结果表明,以1、2、4 cm/s 流速的幼孢子体质量增长最快,3 种流速的增长差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）.在生理指标方面：叶绿素a 含量以1、2、4 cm/s 流速最高,3 种流速的含量差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）;SOD 比活性以流速0.5、1、2 cm/s 的活力最低,各组间差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）;CAT 比活性以流速1、2 cm/s 的活力最低,组间差异不具统计学意义（P〉0.05）;蛋白质含量以1、2、4 cm/s 流速最大,组间差异具统计学意义（P〈0.05）.水流速率对体质量增长和各生化指标均产生显著的影响,以流速1～4 cm/s 培育全缘马尾藻培幼孢子体较合适.     

珠母贝全脏器中糖胺聚糖粗提物的制备及其生理活性初探

以马氏珠母贝 ( Pinctada martensis( Dunder) )全脏器为原料 ,经丙酮脱脂、酶解、脱色、醇沉、干燥后 ,得糖胺聚糖粗制品。用正交试验优选出酶解与醇沉条件。该糖胺聚糖粗提物对体外培养 HL - 60细胞有一定杀伤作用。     

Physiological changes of submerged macrophytes in response to a floating filamentous green algae bloom in clear-water conditions

The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological responses of a submerged macrophyte to a floating fi lamentous green algal bloom in clear-water conditions.Elodea nuttallii was grown with floating Cladophora sp.at four diff erent levels(0,control;140,280,560 g FW/m ~2)in an outdoor experimental system,and its photosynthetic and antioxidant systems were evaluated.The presence of floating Cladophora sp.signifi cantly changed the water environment by decreasing light intensity and increasing dissolved oxygen and the pH value.The photosynthetic parameters of E.nuttallii(e.g.?F/F _m~￠,F _v/F _m,total chlorophyll)were higher in the presence of floating Cladophora sp.than in the control at the beginning of experiment.Because of the increasing dissolved oxygen concentration and pH value,the values of these indicators decreased(except for photosynthetic pigments)during the experiment.Compared with E.nuttallii in the control,E.nuttallii growing in the presence of floating Cladophora sp.showed higher malondialdehyde content,catalase activity,and peroxidase activity.The biomass of E.nuttallii was decreased by about 30% in the presence of high biomasses of floating Cladophora sp.(280 and 560 g FW/m ~2).These results suggest that floating Cladophora had complex eff ects on the biomass of E.nuttallii and that changes in water quality resulting from floating Cladophora sp.may be more important than its direct shading eff ect.     

禁食暂养对卵形鲳鲹有水保活生理响应的影响

【目的】探究禁食暂养对卵形鲳鲹有水保活生理响应的影响,为卵形鲳鲹的保活运输奠定基础。【方法】通过测定暂养过程中水体的总氨氮和pH值、卵形鲳鲹血液生理生化指标、肌肉氧化应激指标等的变化,分析确定卵形鲳鲹有水保活的禁食暂养条件。【结果与结论】禁食暂养过程中,随着暂养时间的延长,水体总氨氮含量与pH值显著上升,但在禁食暂养时间为6 h时,其总氨氮质量浓度为3.22 mg/L和pH值为7.80;禁食暂养6 h可以降低或减少卵形鲳鲹的应激,使血液中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性以及皮质醇(Cortisol)、血糖(GLU)、尿素氮(BUN)和总胆固醇(T-CHO)含量处于较低水平,分别为2785.53 U/L、19.04 U/L、158.72 ng/mL、2.98 mmol/L、4.35 mmol/L和4.96 mmol/L;同时减轻了应激带来的肌肉组织氧化损失,使过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量维持在较低水平,分别为6.34 U/L和5.86 mmol/L;卵形鲳鲹适宜的暂养条件为在鱼水比m鱼∶m水=1∶20和(25±1)℃的洁净海水中暂养6 h。     

Effects of Starving and Re-feeding Strategies on the Growth Performance and Physiological Characteristics of the Juvenile Tongue Sole(Cynoglossus semilaevis)

Starving and re-feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of starvation duration and recovery times on the growth performance and physiological characteristics of juvenile tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis, which included growth, body composition, intestinal morphology and digestive enzymes activities. The fish starved for one(D1), two(D2) and four(D4) days, respectively, were recovered for three(R3, R6, R12), seven(R7, R14, R28) and eleven(R11, R22, R44) folds of starvation days while the control fish were fed constantly. The experiment was conducted for 96 days. The fish individuals in D1R11, D2R14 and D2R22 caught up in weight with the control, indicating that complete compensatory growth existed in these fish individuals. The highest body weight gain and total specific growth rates were observed in D2R22. Food intake increased significantly in most treatments in comparison with that of the control except for D1R7 and D2R22(P 0.05). Food conversion efficiency and apparent digest coefficient in D2R22 were significantly promoted, being higher than that of the control(P 0.05). The activities of trypsin and lipase were found to be closely related to the growth performance. The activities of liver and hindgut trypsin, also midgut and hindgut lipase in D2R22 were significantly higher than those of the control(P 0.05). The fold height(HF) of foregut and midgut increased significantly in D2R22, and HF decreased significantly in D1R3, D2R6 and D4R12(P 0.05). On our findings, we may conclude that the optimum starving and re-feeding strategy is starving for 2 days and re-feeding for 22 days. And in this starving and re-feeding strategy, the compensatory growth could be mostly attributed to the promotion of food conversion efficiency and digestibility coefficiency.     

Microalgae cultivation in a tubular bioreactor and utilization of their cells

In this study on the possiblities of microalgae technology as an option for CO₂ mitigation, many microalgae were isolated from seawater. Some species of the isolates,Chlamydomonas sp. strain YA-SH-1, which accumulates starch in cells under light and ferment ethanol in dark and anaerobic condition, was grown outdoors by using 50-L tubular bioreactors in batch cultivation and harvested. Using these cells, the performance of ethanol production was examined quantitatively in a 0.5-L scale fermentor. Another species,Tetraselmis sp. strain Tt-1, was cultivated in a semi-batch manner by a similar type of tubular bioreactor indoors and examined for its utilization. Tests showed these cells could be used as partial substitute for wood and kenaf pulp for processing into paper. With the idea of making microalgae produce cellulose by genetic engineering in their minds, the authors studied the structure of bacterial cellulose synthase genes and the low temperature-induced, reversible flocculation in a thermophilic blue green alga (Cyanobacterium),Synechocystis vulcanus in order to examine the feasibility of using these genes as gene source and the cynanobacterium as host.

     

Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)对长茎葡萄蕨藻生长、铁含量和生理特性的影响

【目的】探索两种无机铁对长茎葡萄蕨藻(Caulerpa lentillifera)的生长、铁含量及生理特性的影响。【方法】分别以三氯化铁(FeCl_3)和硫酸亚铁(FeSO_4)作为铁源,采用单因素实验方法,研究在不同浓度Fe~(2+)、Fe~(3+)条件下,长茎葡萄蕨藻的生长、光合色素含量、铁含量、两种过氧化酶(CAT、T-SOD)活性,以及总蛋白、维生素C和可溶性糖含量。【结果】在水体中无论是添加Fe~(2+)还是Fe~(3+),藻体的特定生长率(SGR)、光合色素含量、铁含量、过氧化物酶活性和维生素C含量均显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。藻体的铁含量随着培养液中铁离子浓度的升高而增加,以Fe~(2+)和Fe~(3+)处理后,藻体铁最高值分别可达到1 522.54μg/g和1 373.93μg/g,增幅为1 369.34%和1 225.92%;藻体维生素C最高质量分数分别可达15.41μg/mg和12.89μg/mg,增幅为107.56%和73.58%。Fe~(2+)实验组对藻体的可溶性糖含量有显著影响(P <0.05)。实验藻体的总蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P <0.05)。【结论】藻体在3 mg/L Fe~(2+)或者6 mg/L Fe~(3+)的条件下,长茎葡萄蕨藻生长最佳,其营养品质可得以改善。     

波纹龙虾蜕壳周期的呼吸排泄和血淋巴生理学

【目的】研究波纹龙虾(Panulirus homarus)蜕壳周期内呼吸排泄、血淋巴生化指标和免疫酶活力的变化。【方法】选取蜕壳后期(A期和B期)、蜕壳间期(C期)和蜕壳前期(D_0,D_1,D_2,D_3期)的波纹龙虾测定耗氧率和排氨率,并测定血淋巴中的离子含量、总蛋白含量和血细胞数量及免疫酶活力。【结果】波纹龙虾的耗氧率和排氨率从蜕壳后期到蜕壳间期均显著降低。耗氧率在D_0期显著上升,而排氨率在蜕壳前期逐渐减少,在D_3期达到最低水平。血清Ca~(2+)含量在D_1期最高,并显著高于A期(P 0.05)。K~+含量在D_1期则最低,在蜕壳周期中整体变化不显著(P 0.05)。Mg~(2+)和无机磷(Phos)含量在蜕壳周期中也无显著变化(P 0.05)。血淋巴总蛋白含量在蜕壳后大幅减少,至蜕壳间期又显著提升(P 0.05),但与蜕壳前期相比差异不显著(P 0.05)。血细胞数量在D_2期最高,而B期最低,分别为4.22×10~7和2.40×10~7 mL~(-1)。酚氧化酶活力在蜕壳周期中呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,而一氧化氮合酶活力在A期最低,在其他时期之间未发现显著性差异(P0.05)。【结论】波纹龙虾的呼吸排泄、血淋巴生化指标和免疫酶活力与蜕壳周期密切相关。     

北斗三号新信号B2a和B2（B2a+b）质量分析及星座几何性能评估

在最新的能接收到北斗三号新信号B2a及B2（B2a+b）的MGEX测站数据基础上，分析BDS-3信号的载噪比、多路径及卫星的三维位置精度因子（PDOP）。结果表明，与GPS相比，BDS的载噪比B2（B2a+b）>B2a≈L5>B3≈B2b>B1≈L1>L2，多路径误差B2(B2a+b)相似文献   

A STUDY ON THE ECOLOGICAL CLIMATES OF SOME FAMOUS TEA GROWING AREAS IN HIGH MOUNTAINOUS REGIONS OF CHINA

The tea tree [Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze] is one of the world's economic crops. It is an especially important crop for southern China. Environmental factors related to the tea yield and quality in some high mountain areas of China are identified in this paper. These factors are: geology, topography, climate, hydrology, soil and vegetation. Climatological factors are the most important. Using data collected from meteorological stations which are situated at the summit and the base of high mountains, this paper discusses ecological climatic problems in growing tea in China. The ecological climatic characteristics of the famous tea areas mainly included are as follows: more . amounts of clouds and fog, less percentage of sunshine, abundant rainfall and high relative humidity in the air, temperatures that rise and fall slowly, daily and annual temperature ranges that are smaller, more days that are suitable for tea growing and low wind speeds in the lee-sides and valleys of mountains. All of these factors     

Optimization of the microwave-assisted extraction of phlorotannins from Saccharina japonica Aresch and evaluation of the inhibitory effects of phlorotannin-containing extracts on HepG2 cancer cells

The use of a microwave-assisted extraction(MAE) method for the extraction of phlorotannins from Saccharina japonica Aresch(S.japonica) has been evaluated with particular emphasis on the influential parameters,including the ethanol concentration,solid/liquid ratio,extraction time,extraction temperature,and microwave power.The MAE procedure was optimized using single-factor design and orthogonal array design(OAD).The content of total phlorotannins in S.japonica was determined using a Folin-Ciocalteu(FC) assay.A maximum total phlorotannin content of 0.644 mg of phloroglucinol equivalent per gram of dry weight plant(mg PGE/g DW) was obtained using the optimized model,which included an ethanol concentration of 55%,solid/liquid ratio of 1:8,extraction time of 25 min,irradiation power of 400 W,and temperature of 60°C.Under similar conditions,the application of a conventional extraction method led to a lower phlorotannin yield of 0.585 mg PGE/g WD.These results demonstrated that the MAE approach provided better results for the extraction of phlorotannins from S.japonica and was a promising technique for the extraction of phenolic compounds from S.japonica and other materials.In addition,screening tests for the inhibitory activity showed that the phlorotannin-containing extracts significantly inhibited the growth of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells(HepG2) by inducing their apoptosis.The morphological changes that occurred during cell apoptosis were characterized using Hoechst33258 staining.     

基于脯氨酸合成积累的甘蔗分蘖期耐旱生理效应分析

为探究干旱胁迫下分蘖期甘蔗植株内游离脯氨酸积累及其合成关键酶的响应机制,以甘蔗品种ROC22为材料进行桶栽干旱胁迫实验,测定生长于7种不同土壤水分下的甘蔗叶片中丙二醛含量、电导率、游离脯氨酸含量以及δ-OAT、P5CS、SOD的活性。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫强度增大,植株体内不同程度地激活了P5CS、δ-OAT、SOD的活性,合成积累了大量的游离脯氨酸,以抵抗丙二醛等氧化物的积累所造成对细胞膜透性的破坏。但在沙土的土壤水分为2.64%(相对持水量21.2%)时,达到了ROC22的萎蔫系数。相关统计分析结果,6个甘蔗生理指标间的简单正相关均达到了显著水平。偏相关分析结果,细胞膜透性分别与P5CS活性、脯氨酸含量为负的偏相关且达到了显著水平,丙二醛、δ-OAT、SOD分别与脯氨酸含量的偏相关系数均到达了极显著水平。此外,P5CS与SOD存在共线性,多元相关性分析表明P5CS对游离脯氨酸积累的作用显著地大于δ-OAT,在干旱胁迫下,甘蔗脯氨酸的两个合成途径表现为以Glu→Pro途径主,Orn→Pro途径为辅。