猪瘟病毒C株共感染口蹄疫病毒影响口蹄疫病毒复制

【背景】猪瘟(Classical Swine Fever)是由猪瘟病毒(Classical Swine Fever Virus,CSFV)引起的猪高度接触性传染病,致死率极高。在临床中存在着CSFV与猪其他病原菌共感染的情况,例如CSFV与口蹄疫病毒(Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus,FMDV)的共感染。【目的】利用CSFV与FMDV共感染猪源宿主细胞,研究CSFV与FMDV共感染对FMDV病毒复制的影响。【方法】构建体外共感染细胞模型,在正常PK-15细胞上进行CSFV共感染FMDV实验,通过观察细胞病变效应(Cytopathic Effect,CPE)、实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)、Western Blot、间接免疫荧光检测CSFV和FMDV共感染及FMDV单独感染情况下FMDV复制水平的差异。利用RT-qPCR筛选鉴定能够影响FMDV复制的CSFV蛋白。【结果】CSFVC株共感染FMDV能够抑制FMDV的复制,而且灭活的CSFV同样抑制FMDV的复制。通过筛选鉴定出CSFV的C蛋白能够抑制FMDV复制。【结论】研究发现CSFV C株共感染FMDV能够抑制FMDV复制,而其C蛋白具有抑制FMDV复制的能力。     

一种制备poly(Ⅰ)·poly(C)-滤纸的新方法

poly(1)·poly(C)-滤纸是一种亲和材料,可以用来吸附与双链核酸有亲和力的酶或蛋白。本文介绍用对-β硫酸酯乙砜基苯胺为活化剂制备poly(I)·poly(C)-滤纸的方法。poly(I)·poly(C)的结合容量为10—35μg/cm~2,用来吸附兔网织红细胞裂解液中2’-5’A合成酶效果良好。在一定范围内,酶活与被吸附裂解液量呈线性关系,说明可以用来定量检测未知样品中与poly(I)·poly(C)有亲和力的酶。poly(I)·poly(C)-滤纸在-20℃保存四个月亲和能力不变。本方法与文献报道的方法相比,操作简便试剂易得。     

盐酸胍对口蹄疫病毒完整颗粒和空衣壳的影响

在口蹄疫病毒的复制过程中,会形成完整的病毒粒子（146S）和一定量的空衣壳（75S）。本试验研究了盐酸胍在不同时间和浓度下对口蹄疫病毒146S和75S的影响,并筛选出75S产量最高的条件。通过蔗糖密度梯度离心、透射电镜、特异性单域抗体包被的双抗夹心ELISA等方法对75S和146S进行定性和定量检测。结果表明在口蹄疫病毒（Foot-and-mouth disease virus,FMDV）感染BHK-21细胞2 h时,加入4 mmol/mL的盐酸胍,75S产量比同时间下加入盐酸胍浓度为2 mmol/mL和8 mmol/mL时得到的75S含量高两倍,约为146S的三倍。本研究为定量口蹄疫病毒75S形态的免疫学方法建立奠定了前期研究基础。     

同聚DNA分子poly(dA)·poly(dT)主链的振动位移

基于同聚DNA分子poly(dA).poly(dT)的螺旋对称性,利用晶格动力学方法,计算了DNA分子poly(dA).poly(dT)主链振动的本征矢,探讨了振动位移矢量和线二色光谱的关系。结果表明,对应着磷酸双氧的反对称振动谱线可以用于直接确定磷酸根的取向,精度小于1°。其它谱线必须通过对分子的简正分析来帮助确定分子的结构。     

口蹄疫O型重组病毒的构建及其免疫原性分析

【目的】利用反向遗传操作技术,构建含O型口蹄疫病毒(food-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV) 3个拓扑型免疫优势结构蛋白基因的重组FMDV,评估其作为猪O型口蹄疫(food-and-mouth disease, FMD)疫苗候选株的潜力。【方法】通过基因合成,在FMD疫苗株O/HN/CHA/93 (古典中国拓扑型)的基因中嵌合流行株O/NXYCh/CHA/2018 (东南亚拓扑型) VP1结构蛋白的重组病毒骨架上,用O/TUR/5/2009疫苗株(中东-南亚拓扑型) VP1蛋白的G-H环基因替换其对等基因,构建含O型3个拓扑型FMDV结构蛋白基因的重组全长质粒,Not I线性化后转染表达T7 RNA聚合酶的BSR/T7细胞,拯救重组病毒。通过RT-PCR、序列测定、间接免疫荧光鉴定重组病毒;噬斑试验和一步生长曲线分析重组病毒的生物学特性。重组病毒制备疫苗免疫猪,用病毒中和试验分析其对当前流行的O型3个拓扑型FMDV的交叉反应性。【结果】成功拯救到含O型3个拓扑型FMDV结构蛋白基因的重组病毒,重组病毒与亲本病毒具有相似的生物学特性。亲本病毒和重组病毒制备的疫苗免疫猪,均能够对中东-南亚型(Middle East-South Asia, ME-SA)拓扑型和东南亚型(South-East Asia, SEA)拓扑型病毒株产生保护性平均中和抗体(>1.65log₁₀);均不能对古典中国型(Cathay)拓扑型流行株产生保护性平均中和抗体(<1.65log₁₀),但与亲本病毒相比,O/TUR/5/2009疫苗株G-H环基因的替换显著提高了对ME-SA和SEA拓扑型病毒株的交叉反应性(p<0.05)。【结论】本研究对未来FMD疫苗的设计具有重要的指导意义。     

病毒基因工程研究进展(摘要)

病毒是一类非细胞形态结构的,具有专性寄生的分子微生物。它与其寄主建立不可分割的联系。只有寄生,才表现它的生命活力。因此,它对其活体寄主的安全性产生了巨大的威协。有的病毒尽管在寄主内处于溶源性或潜伏性,但一旦暴发是难以制服的,这类病毒潜伏性的寄生和致病性的暴发对农牧业和人类生命安全都造成重大损害。     

口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3AB 的原核表达及应用

旨在建立一种检测口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体的敏感、特异的ELISA方法。克隆、表达了口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白3AB基因,原核表达的重组蛋白经亲和层析法纯化及Western blotting鉴定后作为包被抗原,建立检测口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白抗体的3AB间接ELISA方法,通过与商品化试剂盒3ABC-ELISA的比对试验对其进行评价。结果显示,重组蛋白3AB以包涵体形式表达;能与口蹄疫病毒感染血清发生特异性反应,而不能与疫苗免疫动物血清发生反应;在检测田间样品时,与3ABC-ELISA具有同样的特异性和敏感性 (P＞     

口蹄疫病毒氨基酸改造对其病毒样颗粒稳定性的影响

病毒样颗粒(Virus like particles,VLPs)的稳定性是目前影响口蹄疫VLPs疫苗质量的主要因素.为进一步提升口蹄疫VLPs疫苗的质量,基于口蹄疫病毒三维空间结构,通过动力学分析软件设计并筛选出3个氨基酸改造位点.经点突变试剂盒成功制备出上述3种突变型重组质粒,转化大肠杆菌Escherichia co...     

猪瘟病毒C株兔脾毒在SK6细胞中的增殖培养及其鉴定

猪瘟病毒(Classical swine fever virus,CSFV)是猪的最重要传染病之一,给养猪业造成巨大经济损失.传统疫苗C株在猪瘟防制中曾发挥了巨大作用,但由于猪瘟病毒逐渐产生变异,同时使用传统疫苗无法区分自然感染动物和免疫动物,从而使传统疫苗的应用受阻.因此十分必要研制新型猪瘟疫苗.用适宜的宿主细胞培养猪瘟传统弱毒疫苗C株,通过灵敏可靠的方法检测病毒在宿主细胞中的感染,是研究猪瘟病毒C株的一个重要基础环节.     

Effect of amino acid mutation at position 127 in 3A of a rabbitattenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 on viral replication and infection

An amino acid mutation(R127→I) in the 3A non-structural protein of an FMDV serotype Asia1 rabbit-attenuated ZB strain was previously found after attenuation of the virus. To explore the effects of this mutation on viral replication and infection, the amino acid residue isoleucine(I) was changed to arginine(R) in the infectious cDNA clone of the rabbit-attenuated ZB strain by sitedirected mutagenesis, and the R127-mutated virus was rescued. BHK monolayer cells and suckling mice were inoculated with the R127-mutated virus to test its growth property and pathogenicity, respectively. The effects of the R127 mutation on viral replication and virulence were analyzed. The data showed that there was a slight difference in plaque morphology between the R127-mutated and wild-type viruses. The growth rate of the mutated virus was lower in BHK-21 cells and its virulence in suckling mice was also attenuated. This study indicates that the R127 mutation in 3A may play an important role in FMDV replication in vitro and in pathogenicity in suckling mice.     

Phylogenomics and molecular evolution of foot-and-mouth disease virus

This report describes the use of Bayesian methods to analyze polyprotein coding region sequences (n = 217) obtained from GenBank to define the genome-wide phylogeny of foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV). The results strongly supported the monophyly of five FMDV serotypes, O, A, Asia 1, C, and SAT 3, while sequences for the two remaining FMDV serotypes, SAT 1 and SAT 2 did not separate into entirely distinct clades. The phylogenomic tree revealed three sister-group relationships, serotype O + Asia 1, A + C, and SAT 1 + 3 + 2, with a new branching pattern: {[(O, Asia 1), (A, C)], (SAT 1, 2, 3)}. Within each serotype, there was no apparent periodic, geographic, or host species influence on the evolution of global FMDVs. Analysis of the polyprotein coding region of these sequences provided evidence for the influence of purifying selection on the evolution of FMDV. Using a Bayesian coalescent approach, the evolutionary rate of FMDV isolates that circulated during the years 1932-2007 was estimated to be 1.46 × 10(-3) substitutions/site/year, and the most recent common ancestor of the virus existed approximately 481 years ago. Bayesian skyline plot revealed a population expansion in the early 20(th) century that was followed by a rapid decline in population size from the late 20(th) century to the present day. These findings provide new insights into the mechanisms that impact on the evolution of this important livestock pathogen.     

Effect of amino acid mutation at position 127 in 3A of a rabbit-attenuated foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype Asia1 on viral replication and infection

An amino acid mutation(R127→I) in the 3A non-structural protein of an FMDV serotype Asia1 rabbit-attenuated ZB strain was previously found after attenuation of the virus. To explore the effects of this mutation on viral replication and infection, the amino acid residue isoleucine(I) was changed to arginine(R) in the infectious cDNA clone of the rabbit-attenuated ZB strain by sitedirected mutagenesis, and the R127-mutated virus was rescued. BHK monolayer cells and suckling mice were inoculated with the R127-mutated virus to test its growth property and pathogenicity, respectively. The effects of the R127 mutation on viral replication and virulence were analyzed. The data showed that there was a slight difference in plaque morphology between the R127-mutated and wild-type viruses. The growth rate of the mutated virus was lower in BHK-21 cells and its virulence in suckling mice was also attenuated. This study indicates that the R127 mutation in 3A may play an important role in FMDV replication in vitro and in pathogenicity in suckling mice.     

Integrating genetic and epidemiological data to determine transmission pathways of foot-and-mouth disease virus

Estimating detailed transmission trees that reflect the relationships between infected individuals or populations during a disease outbreak often provides valuable insights into both the nature of disease transmission and the overall dynamics of the underlying epidemiological process. These trees may be based on epidemiological data that relate to the timing of infection and infectiousness, or genetic data that show the genetic relatedness of pathogens isolated from infected individuals. Genetic data are becoming increasingly important in the estimation of transmission trees of viral pathogens due to their inherently high mutation rate. Here, we propose a maximum-likelihood approach that allows epidemiological and genetic data to be combined within the same analysis to infer probable transmission trees. We apply this approach to data from 20 farms infected during the 2001 UK foot-and-mouth disease outbreak, using complete viral genome sequences from each infected farm and information on when farms were first estimated to have developed clinical disease and when livestock on these farms were culled. Incorporating known infection links due to animal movement prior to imposition of the national movement ban results in the reduction of the number of trees from 41472 that are consistent with the genetic data to 1728, of which just 4 represent more than 95% of the total likelihood calculated using a model that accounts for the epidemiological data. These trees differ in several ways from those constructed prior to the availability of genetic data.     

中国口蹄疫病毒同源重组研究

从GenBank数据库中获得在我国分离的16株口蹄疫病毒全基因组序列,进而运用常规的系统发生方法分析了这16株病毒的同源重组情况,发现5株重组毒株．这些重组病毒主要来源于亚洲Ⅰ型(Asia1)和O型病毒间的重组．这些重组事件的鉴定也表明口蹄疫病毒间的交叉感染在我国比较常见．另外,在我国还出现了由于Asia1型和O型病毒重组后导致病毒血清型发生转化的现象．这些结果解释了我国口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)遗传多样性和抗原多变性的成因,提示了我国在口蹄疫预防、治疗方面所面临的复杂局面．     

口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白VP1容忍外源标签的能力

【目的】利用口蹄疫病毒的反向遗传操作技术,构建含不同外源标签口蹄疫病毒的全长克隆,鉴定口蹄疫病毒结构蛋白VP1容忍不同外源标签的能力。【方法】通过融合PCR技术,在FMDV O/HN/93全长感染性克隆的VP1 G-H环分别引入V5、TC12、KT3、3FLAG外源标签,构建全长质粒。全长质粒经Not I线化后转染表达T7 RNA聚合酶的稳定细胞,拯救重组病毒。RT-PCR、序列测定、间接免疫荧光鉴定病毒,噬斑和一步生长曲线分析重组病毒的生物学特性。【结果】成功拯救到表达V5或KT3表位标签的重组病毒,未能拯救到表达TC12或3×FLAG的重组病毒。V5和KT3表位标签的插入均影响了口蹄疫病毒的复制能力。【结论】重组口蹄疫病毒的成功拯救为未来标记疫苗以及口蹄疫病毒作为表达载体等的研究奠定了基础。     

口蹄疫病毒样颗粒诱导表达型载体的构建及其BHK-21细胞池的筛获

瞬时表达是目前利用哺乳动物细胞表达口蹄疫病毒(foot-and-mouth disease virus, FMDV)衣壳蛋白的主流方法。为实现染色体稳定表达FMDV衣壳蛋白并高效组装出病毒样颗粒(virus like particles, VLPs),本研究构建了piggyBac (PB)转座-组成型表达、PB转座-四环素(tetracycline, Tet)诱导型表达两套质粒。利用荧光蛋白标记技术,验证了质粒的功能。通过抗生素筛选得到了组成型表达P12A3C (WT/L127P)基因的BHK-21细胞池(C-WT、C-L127P)和诱导型表达P12A3C (WT/L127P)基因的BHK-21细胞池(I-WT、I-L127P)。荧光观察和PCR检测证明了绿色荧光蛋白、3C蛋白酶、反向四环素转录激活因子等基因的稳定整合。Western blotting、酶联免疫吸附法(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, ELISA)实验证明了细胞池I-L127P具有更强的衣壳蛋白和VLPs生产能力。本研究首次实现了哺乳动物细胞染色体诱导表达FMDV衣壳蛋白,有助于推动哺乳动物生产FMDV VLPs疫苗的技术工艺,也为构建其他蛋白的哺乳动物细胞诱导型表达系统提供了参考。     

口蹄疫病毒前导蛋白(Lpro)致牛肾细胞(MDBK)作用的形态学观察

为探讨口蹄疫病毒Lpro致MDBK细胞病变效应中的形态学变化,本实验在成功构建可稳定表达口蹄疫病毒Lpro目的基因的MDBK细胞系的基础上,人工诱导Lpro表达后,采用光学显微镜观察、Hoechst33258染色、AO-EB染色、DNALadder等进行检测,研究口蹄疫病毒Lpro致MDBK细胞的病变效应。结果显示,MDBK细胞系在诱导表达口蹄疫病毒Lpro24h后,光学显微镜下细胞形态表现为细胞体积缩小、核浓缩、细胞周围出现透明圈等现象;Hoechst33258染色检测呈现典型的细胞核浓缩和梅花状核碎裂;诱导表达Lpro36h后,AO-EB染色显示早期病变细胞核染亮绿色呈致密斑块或碎片状,晚期病变细胞核染橘黄色呈致密斑块;DNA凝胶电泳显示可见的DNALadder"梯状"条带。证明口蹄疫病毒Lpro在体外可诱导MDBK细胞发生凋亡。