106例广东汉族群体HLA基因频率的分析及其意义

目的 探讨广东汉族群体HLA抗原多态性分布的情况。方法 随机选择了106例广东籍汉族人进行HLA分型。分别采用微量淋巴细胞毒试验及PCR－SSP方法检测了HLAⅠ类,A,B位点及HLAⅡ类DR位点。结果 共检出了HLA－A位点抗原10种,HLA－B位点抗原21种,HLA－DR位点抗原13种,并与北方人群抗原分布进行对比。结论 A11,B46和B60抗原频率比北方人群有显著增高,而A1,A3、B7等抗原则相对减少,显示广东地区汉族人群与北方人群间在HLA多态性分布上有较显著的差异。     

CⅡTA基因在五种人类恶性血液病细胞株细胞中的表达及意义

目的:探讨5种血液病细胞株细胞的HLA-Ⅱ类抗原表达,以及对IFN-γ诱导HLA分子表达的反应性与MHCⅡ类分子反式激活因子 (CⅡTA) 表达的关系.方法:采用流式细胞术和免疫组化法检测肿瘤细胞HLA分子及CⅡTA 蛋白的表达,RT-PCR检测肿瘤细胞CⅡTA基因表达.混合淋巴细胞反应检测肿瘤细胞刺激外周血T细胞反应的能力.结果:肿瘤细胞HLAⅡ类分子表达与CⅡTA表达一致; 结构型或诱导型表达CⅡTA的肿瘤细胞,经IFN-γ作用后其HLAⅠ、Ⅱ类抗原表达增高;IFN -γ诱导后仍不表达CⅡTA的肿瘤细胞,其对IFN-γ促HLAⅡ表达的作用不反应.Jurkat诱导后刺激T细胞表达高水平的IL-2 mRNA.结论:某些恶性血液病细胞株细胞对IFN-γ不能诱导HLA分子表达与CⅡTA诱导型表达缺陷有关,表明CⅡTA参与调控肿瘤细胞 HLAⅠ、Ⅱ类抗原表达,可能在肿瘤免疫逃逸中起重要作用.     

抗HLA-B27单克隆抗体的制备鉴定及初步应用

目的：制备HLA－B27单克隆抗体。方法：用HLA－B27抗原免疫小鼠，取脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合制备杂交瘤细胞，用ELISA法筛选分泌该单抗的细胞株。结果：建立了分泌该单抗的细胞系3B3和4F2，抗体均为IgG2b,3B3细胞分泌的单抗只与B27反应，而4F2细胞分泌的单抗与B7有交叉反应。结论：建立了高特异性分泌抗B27单抗的细胞株，具有潜在的应用价值。     

胃癌单克隆抗体的研制

应用B淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术获得了数个胃癌杂交瘤克隆。本文就其中的一个克隆进行了较系统的研究,包括应用该抗体对一部分胃癌及其它肿瘤的免疫组织化学检测。证实83YH_2为新的杂交瘤细胞株;并非HLA及ABO系统的抗体;与CEA无关。83YH_2胃癌单克隆抗体是胃癌相关抗原的抗体。其对应抗原与唾液酸粘蛋白相关。     

食管癌HLA—A，B，C基因抗原表达下调机理的研究

目的：研究食管癌及食管上皮人类白细胞抗原（HLA－A,B,C）的抗原表达及探索该抗原丢失的分子机理。方法：采用抗HLA－A、,B,C单抗,以免疫组化法及甲基化PCR检测HLA－A,B,C抗原在食管癌及食管上皮的分布及HLA－A,B,C基因甲基化状况。结果：31例食管癌中27例无HLA－A,B,C抗原表达,正常及增生的食管上皮均可见该抗原的阳性表达;45．2％的食管癌HLA－A,B,C基因甲基化,食管上皮该基因无甲基化。结论：食管癌中HLA－A,B,C抗原大部分丢失,基因甲基化可能是导致抗原下调的关键机理。     

干扰素对人结肠癌细胞HLA-ABC抗原表达的影响

目的　探讨干扰素 (IFN)对人结肠癌细胞HLA ABC抗原表达的影响。方法　采用免疫组化SP法和ELISA法分别检测不同剂量的α IFN和γ IFN刺激前后HLA ABC在四株人结肠癌细胞HCT 8、lovo、SW 4 80、Ls 174 T中的表达情况。结果　α IFN和γ IFN刺激之前 ,四株细胞中除lovo和Ls 174 T细胞不表达HLA ABC抗原 ,其它二株细胞均可不同程度表达HLA ABC抗原 ,刺激之后 ,对HLA ABC抗原的表达四株细胞系均有所增强 ,并呈现出干扰素依赖性及γ IFN的剂量依赖性 ,γ IFN的诱导作用强于α IFN。结论　干扰素可以上调人结肠癌细胞HLA ABC抗原的表达 ,干扰素用于结肠癌的临床治疗具有一定的应用前景     

内蒙古地区HDCP疾病与人类白细胞抗原多态性研究

目的：检测内蒙古地区HDCP患者HLA基因HIA—A,HLA—B位点与HDCP的相关性。方法：采用国内先进的FLOW—SSOP（Luminex流式技术-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针反向杂交）技术检测A、B位点基因频率及基因型频率分布,分析妊娠期高血压疾病与HLA—Ⅰ类抗原的关系。结果：妊娠期高血压组HIA—A、B位点等位基因的基因频率与正常妊娠组无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结论：内蒙古地区妊娠期高血压疾病的发生与HLA—Ⅰ类抗原无关。     

抗人胃腺癌单克隆抗体的制备及其在临床应用中的探讨

本文应用杂交瘤技术制备出4株抗胃腺癌细胞株SGC-7901单克隆抗体,4株单克隆抗体的相应抗原与CEA、HLA、ABO抗原无关。免疫酶组织化学染色法证明,相应抗原位于细胞膜及细胞浆,因癌腺腔内也可见到阳性染色,说明相应抗原是分泌性抗原。临床应用结果表明,4株单克隆抗体与胃癌组织有较强的特异性,值得进一步推广应用。     

婴儿利什曼原虫细胞免疫优势抗原预测

目的:预测婴儿利什曼原虫全基因组编码蛋白中刺激细胞免疫应答的优势抗原。方法:以计算机软件Net CTLpan对婴儿利什曼原虫基因组编码蛋白进行分析,确定与各类人HLA I类分子超型强结合抗原蛋白,综合预测细胞免疫优势抗原。结果:84个婴儿利什曼原虫基因组编码蛋白可与人HLA A2超型强结合,其中13个蛋白质还可与人HLA A1、A3、A26、B44、B7、B8、B58、B62、B39及B27超型强结合,它们大多数为膜蛋白,具有种属特异性。结论:预测婴儿利什曼原虫优势抗原可为发展抗内脏利什曼病疫苗提供新的视角。     

人类白细胞抗原的应用

从1958年Dausset发现人类第一个白细胞抗原在；陆床器官移植起到重大作用。为了配合基础医学、临床医学、医学教育的发展，普及HLA有关知识，具有重要的现实意义。一、HLA的基因产物：目前认为，MHC基因产物可分三类。I类产物──在人为HLA－A、B、C抗原。I类产物是由非共价键连接的两条肽链组成的。一条为重链，化学成分是糖蛋白，分子量43000。豆类基因产物是HLA－D和DR、DP、DQ抗原，主要存在于B淋巴细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫活性细胞表面。四类基因产物为一些酸性血清蛋白，即科体组分，如CZ和动等。H、HI。A的应用现状在国际…     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.