转变观念深化体育课程教学改革

树立“健康第一”的指导思想,制定符合新《纲要》精神的教学大纲,同时在体育教学中运用科学、合理的教学方法,确立评价内容多元化的评价体系,这些教学措施对提高教学质量,促进学生的身心健康起着重要的作用。     

外出务工对农村人口婚姻满意度的影响

使用混合研究方法,基于2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据,采用倾向值匹配法,分析了外出务工对农村人口婚姻满意度的影响及性别差异;使用质性资料对定量分析结果进行了佐证,并对相关影响机制进行了探讨。研究结果表明：总体上农村外出务工人员的婚姻满意度显著高于未外出者,并且存在性别差异,女性外出和未外出人口婚姻满意度差异不显著,而男性外出务工人员的婚姻满意度显著高于未外出者。形成这一结果的机制在于：当前农村婚姻成本的性别差异、外出后性别观念的变化和对生活艰辛更深切的体会。促进农村外出人口婚姻家庭的和谐稳定,更需要重视和提升外出务工女性的婚姻满意度。     

Second and Third Births in Armenia and Moldova: An Economic Perspective of Recent Behaviour and Current Preferences

Little is known about fertility in Armenia and Moldova, the two countries that have both, according to national statistics, experienced very low levels of fertility during the dramatic economic, social and political restructuring in the last two decades. This article fills this gap and explores recent fertility behaviour and current fertility preferences using 2005 Demographic and Health Survey data. Educational differences in fertility decline and the association between socioeconomic indicators and fertility preferences are considered from an economic perspective. Special emphasis is given to determining whether and how diverging economic conditions in the two countries as well as crisis conditions may have influenced fertility. Second parity progression ratios (PPR) reveal a positive relationship between the degree of decline from 1990 to 2005 and education, whereas third PPR declines appear the greatest for women with both the lowest and highest education. In both countries, logistic regression results suggest that working women are more likely to want a second child, as well as want the child sooner university than later in Armenia, and the wealthiest women in Armenia have a higher odds of wanting a third child. Dual-jobless couples are less likely to want a second child in Moldova and more likely to postpone the next child in Armenia. These findings offer some insight into the shifts in fertility behaviour in these two post-Soviet countries and suggest that despite diverging economic trajectories and a lessening commitment to the two-child norm in Moldova, determinants of fertility behaviour and preferences have remained similar in both countries.     

Sexual Behaviour and Attitudes of Students in the Moscow State University

This article is focused on the sexual attitudes and behaviour, and knowledge of AIDS of a group of students of Moscow State University. Reference will also be made to surveys dating back to the beginning of the century, when Russia and then the Soviet Republic were at the forefront in this field of research, in that they help throw light on past trends and present tendencies.The first sexual intercourse (FSI) is relatively early for male students (median age = 17.7) and relatively late for females (18.9). Mean number of partners per year is not low, and it is the same for both males and females (almost 1.7). This is not the case in Western countries. Moreover, contraception at FSI is at a low level. Sexual attitudes are permissive -- particularly concerning infidelity -- and there is a general concern regarding the spread of AIDS. However, specific knowledge about AIDS transmission is lacking.     

婚姻变化中的妇女土地权益的法律保护

当前,婚姻变化中的妇女土地权益受侵害问题仍较严重,其危害极大;我国法律对农村妇女的土地权益作出了原则的或专门的规定,但还不够统一、完善;要切实保护农村妇女土地权益,还需继续完善立法,加强执法,提高农村妇女的法律意识和法制观念。     

The Effect of Competing Intentions and Behaviour on Short-Term Childbearing Intentions and Subsequent Childbearing

This article examines the effect that intentions to start studying and to enter into employment may have on childbearing intentions and subsequent childbearing. The analysis also includes the impact of the corresponding behaviour: currently studying or being employed. The theoretical background draws on Barber’s study of competing attitudes, with an emphasis on competing intentions. Based on survey and register data for Bulgaria, the analyses reveal the effect of competing intentions. For example, the intention to start studying hampers the construction and subsequent realisation of intentions to have a child within 2 years. The actual behaviour of currently studying has the same effect; both effects are most pronounced for intentions to become a parent and for actual entry into parenthood. Inversely, an intention to enter into employment facilitates childbearing intentions and, for men, so does the behaviour of being employed. The latter result holds for women’s intention to have a second child. The findings indicate that when childbearing intentions and realisation are analysed, it is preferable to consider persons with a competing intention to start studying either as a separate group or group them with those who are currently studying, not with those who are not. Logistic regression models and interaction effects are applied for the analyses.     

正教、邪教和现代宗教的社会观比较研究

本文通过对传统宗教和邪教的社会观的比较,分析二者对社会的认识的截然不同,对社会的态度的不同。从而揭示了邪教的社会危害作用。同时,也对传统宗教的社会观、社会作用,以及社会地位,进行了分析。以利于人们在批判邪教的同时,正确的认识传统宗教,保护其合法的地位。     

避孕药制剂质量对避孕效果的影响

经对７４ 例避孕失败的人流患者所服用的复方炔诺酮片进行检验,发现避孕药的含量、溶出度和均匀度等对避孕效果有一定的影响     

语言相对性原理:理论背景、演变及其含义表述

语言相对性原理,学界通常俗称"沃尔夫假说".事实上,这是一种描写性公理;作为一种重要的理论,它反映的是美国人类语言学家根据人类语言的多样性而揭示出的语言与思想之间的关系的认识.几十年以来,世界学界站在不同的立场采用不同的方法对这一理论及其所反映的思想进行了各种各样的探讨和解释,足见其意义的深远.从人类文化语言学的视角审视该原理的理论背景和研究演变有其历史必要性.     

中国婚姻媒介的演变与弊端

叙述了中国婚姻媒介历史的演变过程,中国2000多年的婚姻史,伴随着2000多年的婚媒演变,中国从单一婚姻媒介形式到如今"多媒体"的出现,给人们婚姻媒介提供了更多的选择性。然而婚姻媒介中缺乏诚信的弊端从古至今一直是一顽症。在逐步法制化的今天,国家应尽快出台相应的法律以干预婚姻媒介中的失信。     

非实质性报酬对从业者主观行为的影响

非实质性报酬通过对动机的影响而支配着从业者的行为,是一种十分有效的外激励因素。本文从发放基础的角度,把非实质性报酬分为系统报酬、团体报酬和个人报酬三种,并分别论述了其对从业者主观行为即参与行为、公务贡献行为及非公务贡献行为的影响。     

The Impact of Forced Migration on Marital Life in Chad

Civil war in Chad in the 1990shad a major impact on the family life of large numbers of people who were internally displaced or sought refuge in exile. This article examines the effect of these forced migrations on marriage, in particular the transition from monogamy to divorce or bigamy. It analyses data collected in N'Djamena in 1993–1994. The higher risk of divorce among internally displaced persons compared to that of refugees suggests that they were more vulnerable from a demographic perspective, and that their marital survival strategies may have been less successful. It is suggested that aid agencies should increase assistance given to internally displaced people because they are more at risk. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

儒、释、道的养生观比较研究

作为我国传统文化的儒学,佛教和道教,均有其各自的养生观。认真总结儒、释、道三家养生文化,取其精华,去其糟粕,不但具有学术理论意义,而且对构筑小康社会,预防疾病、增强人民身心健康、提高生活质量也具有现实借鉴意义。     

浅析高校计算机基础课程教学思路与方法

根据高校计算机公共基础课程的教学内容频繁变化的特点，针对传统教学思路和教学方法，对现代计算机教学过程中所暴露出的弊端进行剖析，提出了一系列改进措施。     

浅析政策外生育现象的成因及对策——基于温州市洞头县统计数据分析

在研究洞头县近年人口计划生育统计报表的基础上,分析了当地政策外生育现象的现状和特点.研究发现,洞头县近期政策外生育数量有所上升,政策外生育主要发生在农村地区,以流动人口为主体,且主要集中在二孩生育上,并以生男孩居多.究其原因,主要与人们生育意愿尚未彻底转变、利益导向机制效果不明显、政府缺乏强有力的行政管理措施有关.据此建议从加大财政投入、加强宣传教育、完善利益导向机制和行政执法手段等方面进行应对.     

物价变动对会计的影响及其对策

物价变动对传统的财务会计理论和实务都产生了消极的影响 ,归结到一点 ,就是降低了财务会计信息的质量。因此 ,只有针对不同的会计事项 ,采取相对应的措施 ,才能提供出真实有效的会计信息 ,做为决策的依据。     

日本婚姻习俗的历史与现状

采用分析与对比的方法,对日本婚姻习俗的历史与现状进行了深入的探讨和研究。文章指出,日本历史上旧的婚姻习俗损害了人的尊严,否定了青年男女追求婚姻自由的权利,但随着社会的进步与民主化,日本人的婚姻观念发生了很大变化,自由恋爱取代了过去的包办婚烟。现在,日本人的婚姻又出现了多样化,这虽然标志着日本社会民主化的发展,但也造成了严重的社会问题。     

发展变化中的中国农业、农村与农民

中国在传统上是一个农业大国。新中国成立以来尤其是1978年改革开放以来,农业、农村、农民在中央政府的高度重视下,发生了深刻的变化,取得了前所未有的成绩。然而,在向工业化国家迈进的过程中,“三农”问题在体制上还没有得到根本的扭转,因此可以说,农业问题基本解决了,农民问题、农村问题还很严重,还远未解决好;农民太多、太穷,农民分化不尽如人意;农村与城市发展差距越来越大。因此,建设社会主义新农村,要继续深化改革,切实改变“二元”社会结构,从根本上解决束缚“三农”发展的体制性问题。     

Religiosity and Contraceptive Method Choice: The Jewish Population of Israel

The primary purpose of this paper is to explore therelationship between religiosity and contraceptivemethod choice, among users of contraception. Weanalyze a representative sample of 1,751 married urbanIsraeli Jewish women interviewed in 1987–1988. Ourfindings indicate that the contraceptive choices ofreligious women are determined largely byconsiderations unrelated to religious doctrine. Acombination of factors, including the suitability ofspecific methods to fertility control needs, peerinfluences, and other cultural effects, appear tomodify the acceptance and application of a particularreligious theology.     

挪用促动新生--对电影中加入戏剧舞台表演的设想

文章试图用一种后现代的“对话”理论,将戏剧舞台的表现方式融入到电影的艺术表现力中。早在电影发展的初期,电影和戏剧就是相互融合、互为载体的。在当今电影独立发展的顶峰时期,加入戏剧舞台的表现成分,不失为一种全新的尝试。它以新奇的表现方式,带给观众与众不同的审美享受和视听冲击。在“对话”中,电影借助戏剧完善自我,获得一种全新的风貌。