我们开设"化学实验选修课"

我们在高一年级开设的化学实验选修课,通过一个个具体的实验课题,让学生在实验方案的设计过程中,达到强化知识的理解与灵活应用、培养实验设计与操作的能力、提高对实验方案的评价能力与实验结果的分析能力,特别是学生运用多学科知识解决化学问题的综合能力。1教学程序该课程是     

“实验化学”模块教学策略初探

“实验化学”是高中化学课程的一个重要模块,教师应在教学中既注重学生实验基础知识的巩固,也要注意培养学生的实验设计能力、术语表达能力、探究精神和合作精神。     

2012年高考理综）新课标卷）化学试题评价和得分情况分析

分析了2012年高考理综）新课标卷）化学试题的考点分布和试题特点：突出了化学学科主干知识之间的内在联系和综合考查;加强了计算能力和计算规范的考查力度;化学实验部分的考查更注重内容的真实性等。根据山西省高考理综阅卷组提供的详细数据分析了化学试题的得分情况,并对高中化学教学提出了相关的建议。     

做学生资优的催化剂——首届“中国化学会化学基础教育奖”获得者徐守兵

正从教20年始终工作在高中化学教学第一线,一直承担化学竞赛教学工作,多年担任实验班班主任并做毕业班教学工作,执教班级高考成绩常位于南京市前列。1投身资优教育研究,培养科技创新人才擅长从化学资优生的识别、培养等方面展开竞赛教学工作,从中学化学课程压缩到竞赛课程拓展,从选修课集体启蒙到形成竞赛团队     

高中化学实验选修课内容设置原则的思考

开设校本化学实验选修课是对课堂实验教学的有效补充与拓展,真正发挥校本选修课程的作用就必须为学生提供有效的素材,坚持不做知识下放性实验、不做单纯趣味性实验、不做简单重复性实验,构建成体系的系列内容。尤其在高中化学选修课内容设置上宜在知识运用、实验技术和科学方法等3个方向进行发掘,加大学生的思维容量,提升实验技能和综合素养。     

浅谈新课标下高师院校化学实验教学改革

从新的高中化学课程对教师实验能力的要求出发,结合高师院校化学实验教学现状,对如何加强高师院校化学实验教学,增强学生的实验技能,培养和发展综合能力进行了探讨。     

高中化学双语校本选修课初步研究

通过开设化学双语校本选修课,对高中化学双语教学进行了较为系统的研究和持续的实践,探索其规律与方法;研究初步达到了对高中学生化学双语学习能力培养的预期目的。通过理论研究和教学实践,对构建化学双语校本选修课程进行了系统的开发,为高中化学双语教学实践积累了经验。     

化学类选修课“分离技术”中引入研究型实验的探索

实验于化学举足轻重,但化学类选修课中的实验教学部分目前教学效果并不理想,因此尝试将应用研究型实验引入到选修课"分离技术"的实验教学环节中,并以"席夫碱的制备及对氧离子裸眼识别研究"为例,阐释了实验内容设计及优势。结果表明,这不仅有利于提高学生的综合实验素质,还有利于培养其科研兴趣,体现了科研的教学价值。最后,对完善这种尝试提出了几点建议。     

为学生创设动手实践的机会和平台——开设初中化学实验选修课的实践与思考

中学化学教学要关注学生实验能力的培养与提升，开设校本化学实验选修课是对课堂实验教学的有效补充与拓展。基于初中学生参与动手实验的现状，阐述了实验选修课开设的课程目标、组织形式及内容，并结合具体案例对选取实验的功能和价值进行深入分析。通过观察学生的课堂表现及参与度，并结合课后访谈，对选修课给予学生的发展进行了深入思考。     

2009年课改实验区高考卷（化学部分）中探究性试题统计分析与比较

2009年课改实验区高考卷（化学部分）中部分试题的探究性成为该年度化学高考中的一大特色。这类试题很好地训练和考查了考生化学学习能力、分析化学问题和解决化学问题的实际运用能力。同时,这类试题也能够激发学生对学习化学的浓厚兴趣和培养他们探寻自然科学奥秘的勇气。统计、分析和比较该类试题具有重要的意义。     

国内光催化研究进展简述

分1975~1985, 1985~1995和1995~2012三个时期简要介绍了国内光催化研究进展, 主要侧重于光催化材料及其改性、应用和反应机理方面的研究进展, 并指出了当前光催化领域存在的一些重要问题和未来的发展趋势, 涉及到光解水、CO₂还原、环境净化和选择性有机合成等方面.     

青蒿素研究进展

青蒿素是目前治疗疟疾的特效药。本文对自青蒿素发现以来的最新研究进展进行了比较详尽的综述。内容包括: 青蒿素的发现及历史, 青蒿素的来源, 青蒿素的全合成,青蒿素的生物合成, 青蒿素衍生物以及植物组织培养生产青蒿素。     

美国化学教育中的科学道德教育

介绍了近年来美国科学界维护科学道德的行动及美国某些大学化学系开设科学道德教育课程的情况     

Interpretation of inorganic arsenic metabolism in humans in the light of observations made in vitro and in vivo in the rat

The toxicity of inorganic trivalent arsenic for living organisms is reduced by in vivo methylation of the element. In man, this biotransformation leads to the synthesis of monomethylarsonic (MMA) and dimethylarsinic (DMA) acids, which are efficiently eliminated in urine along with the unchanged form (As_i). In order to document the methylation process in humans, the kinetics of As_i, MMA and DMA elimination were studied in volunteers given a single dose of one of these three arsenicals or repeated doses of As_i. The arsenic methylation efficiency was also assessed in subjects acutely intoxicated with arsenic trioxide (As₂O₃) and in patients with liver diseases. Several observations in humans can be explained by the properties of the enzymic systems involved in the methylation process which we have characterized in vitro and in vivo in rats as follows: (1) production of As_i metabolites is catalyzed by an enzymic system whose activity is highest in liver cytosol; (2) different enzymic activities, using the same methyl group donor (S-adenosylmethionine), lead to the production of mono- and di-methylated derivatives which are excreted in urine as MMA and DMA; (3) dimethylating activity is highly sensitive to inhibition by excess of inorganic arsenic; (4) reduced glutathione concentration in liver moderates the arsenic methylation process through several mechanisms, e.g. stimulation of the first methylation reaction leading to MMA, facilitation of As_i uptake by hepatocytes, stimulation of the biliary excretion of the element, reduction of pentavalent forms before methylation, and protection of a reducing environment in the cells necessary to maintain the activity of the enzymic systems.     

Recent Advances in Analytical Methodology for in vivo Electrochemistry in Mammals

Electrochemistry is one of the most advanced techniques for monitoring neurochemical activities in the living brain because electrochemical approaches bear the advantageous features of high spatial and temporal resolutions, which facilitate its tremendous potential in investigating the highly spatially heterogeneous brain system and the fast dynamics of neurochemical activities. On the other hand, since brain is the most complicated organ in the sense of its numerous kinds of neurochemical species, high selectivity is always required for any analytical methods that approach the brain. In this review, we will discuss various electrochemical methodologies to achieve selective detection of neurochemicals in mammalian brain and the strategies developed mainly by our group towards selective monitoring of both electrochemically active and inactive neurochemicals. At the end, we will discuss possible solutions towards brain mapping of neurochemical species and combination of neurochemical detection strategy with electrophysiology as the direction of future development of electroanalysis in living brain.     

Use of NAA in marine environment and in archaeology in Greece

Neutron activation analysis (NAA) is a very sensitive and accurate multielement analytical method that is widely applied to the investigation of environmental and archaeological problems. The first part of this paper is a review of pollution studies of toxic trace elements in sediments, seawater and marine organisms of Saronikos Gulf, Greece by NAA. The second part of this paper is a review of provenance studies based on minor and trace element research in ancient ceramics, obsidian, flint, limestone, marble and lead by Instrumental NAA, performed at the NCSR Demokritos.     

Electrolysis in nanochannels for in situ reagent generation in confined geometries

In situ generation of reactive species within confined geometries, such as nanopores or nanochannels is of significant interest in overcoming mass transport limitations in chemical reactivity. Solvent electrolysis is a simple process that can readily be coupled to nanochannels for the electrochemical generation of reactive species, such as H(2). Here the production of hydrogen-rich liquid volumes within nanofluidic structures, without bubble nucleation or nanochannel occlusion, is explored both experimentally and by modeling. Devices comprised of multiple horizontal nanochannels intersecting planar working and quasi-reference electrodes were constructed and used to study the effects of confinement and reduced working volume on the electrochemical reduction of H(2)O to H(2) and OH(-). H(2) production in the nanochannel-embedded electrode reactor output was monitored by fluorescence emission of fluorescein, which exhibits a pH-dependent emission intensity. Initially, the fluorescein solution was buffered to pH 6.0 prior to stepping the potential cathodic of E(0)' for the generation of OH(-) and H(2). Because the electrochemical products are obtained in a 2:1 stoichiometry, local measurements of pH during and after the cathodic potential steps can be converted into H(2) production rates. Independent experimental estimates of the local H(2) concentration were then obtained from the spatiotemporal fluorescence behavior and current measurements, and these were compared with finite element simulations accounting for electrolysis and subsequent convection and diffusion within the confined geometry. Local dissolved H(2) concentrations were correlated to partial pressures through Henry's Law and values as large as 8.3 atm were obtained at the most negative potential steps. The downstream availability of electrolytically produced H(2) in nanochannels is evaluated in terms of its possible use as a downstream reducing reagent. The results obtained here indicate that H(2) can easily reach saturation concentrations at modest overpotentials.     

Recent Advances in in situ multi-spectroelectrochemistry

To consider the past, present and future of in situ spectroelectrochemistry, a review on the recent state of modern spectroelectrochemistry and trends in the development of spectroelectrochemcial techniques is presented for the combined application of different in situ spectroelectrochemcial methods like ESR spectroelectrochemistry, NMR spectroelectrochemistry, Raman spectroelectrochemistry or IR spectroelectrochemistry to electrode systems. Starting with a discussion of the first steps in spectroelectrochemistry in the past, the main part of this review is focused on the advantages of the combined application of spectroelectrochemical techniques in the analysis of electrode reactions. The spectroelectrochemical methods are demonstrated to be successful in electrode reactions both for solid structures like polymers or carbon nanotubes and for molecular structures like fullerenes and oligothiophenes. The final outlook is attributed to future developments in spectroelectrochemistry.     

Trends in education in analytical chemistry

Summary At the session of the WPAC of Fechem on education in analytical chemistry it was concluded that it is now essential to include chemometrics and basic knowledge of computers in all courses on analytical chemistry.

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Tendenzen in der analytisch-chemischen Ausbildung

Zusammenfassung Bei einer Tagung der WPAC über die Lehre auf dem Gebiet der analytischen Chemie wurde bei der Betrachtung neuer Aspekte festgestellt, daß vor allem Chemometrie und Grundkenntnisse in Computertechnik in die Ausbildung aufgenommen werden sollten.